فصلنامه پژوهش های جغرافیایی برنامه ریزی شهری
سال دهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

In recent years, improving the quality of life has become one of the most important goals of urban planners. One of the fields of manifestation of this concept is in the villages-cities. The process of upgrading rural settlements to cities, as one of the main policies to improve the quality of life in rural areas, has caused many villages to be upgraded to cities in the past decades. In this article, a multi-dimensional comparative evaluation of the components of the quality of life of residents has been done with an emphasis on the policy of upgrading the city in the researched areas. A statistical test was used to evaluate the residents' satisfaction with the quality of life in two periods before and after the upgrade. Analyzing the descriptive statistics shows that the upgrading of the settlement has not been able to cause satisfaction in Masiri and Sepidar cities. While Bostan has relative satisfaction and the coupon is in the best condition among the four cities. According to the median test, the two cities of Kopen and Sepidar are in the best and worst conditions in terms of satisfaction with the performance of the municipality. Also, according to the Chi-Square test, Masiri and Sepidar cities before upgrading and Kupan and Sepidar cities after upgrading the settlements have the best and worst conditions in terms of residents. Among the reasons for the weakness in the cities of Masiri and Sepidar, we can mention the weakness in the performance of urban bodies in the field of improving access conditions, lack of proper access, lack of proper transportation system, improper access to gas stations, lack of desirable changes in various economic fields, including employment and residents' income, etc.

Throughout history, gender has been an important factor in the formation of a person's position and, accordingly, his multiple roles. Societies have always assigned different roles to men and women according to their different cultures. So the role of men in the formation of urban spaces is very important, considering that at least half of the citizens are women, it is important to pay attention to the existence of spaces for the active presence of this segment of society in the city. While examining the status of indicators affecting the presence of women in urban spaces, the present research deals with identifying the factors affecting the presence of women in historical markets. For this purpose, the "Historical Market Complex of Urmia City" was selected as an urban space in the historical context for the case study. Considering that markets play a central role in all urban activities; The question is, what factors play a major role in the emergence of this issue? The obtained results indicate that currently, despite the various capacities in the discussion of attendance and also relative satisfaction in some components, the market has not performed properly regarding the attendance of women and is suffering from fundamental problems. Among the most important challenges in this discussion is the non-compliance of the comprehensive needs and demands of women with the practical, physical and social infrastructures available in the market; So it does not allow the presence of a large part of women

Urban regeneration aims to reverse the flow of urban change and decline. In the context of urban regeneration, new types of organizations are being formed, whose goal is to look at development from the bottom up, in which all actors are involved, and this will lead to the development of sustainable solutions in the long term. This research has been carried out with the aim of sustainable reconstruction of the northern neighbourhoods of the historical-cultural context of Tabriz city. Based on its nature, the research method is comparative-analytical, and from the point of view of the goal, it is considered part of applied research. The variables extracted from the theoretical foundations were examined through interviews with 15 expert experts (university professors, specialists, managers and experts of the housing and urban planning department and municipality). In this research, economic, social, physical, environmental and management indicators and targeted sampling have been used. Structural equation analysis models, GBN scenario writing model, SWOT and QSPM have been used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that among the 39 factors, 15 key factors play a role in the regeneration of the studied area, based on the importance and uncertainty of two economic and managerial factors, four scenarios were proposed, and to reach the golden scenario, the competitive strategy (ST) should be considered. By providing strategies for the preparation of a special plan for the historical contexts of the localities, creating investment for employment and the basis for the activities of NGOs, receiving special loans for reconstruction, and closely monitoring compliance with the rules and regulations of urban development, it is possible to recreate the sustainable contexts of the studied localities.

"Cultural Ecosystem Services" in the parks include intangible benefits that people perceive subjectively. The research aims to investigate the relationship between the landscape style and the Cultural Ecosystem Services in different parks with a participative approach. The research is analytical-descriptive in terms of practical purpose and research method. For landscape objective-physical assessment, the method of Landscape Character Assessment is used, and for the perception of CES, a social survey was exerted. The statistical population includes visitors to Tehran's parks with different landscape styles. The sample size was estimated to be 400 people based on Morgan's table, and data was collected using the available sampling method (distribution of online questionnaires in social networks). Cultural Ecosystem Services are ranked in different parks using the Wilcoxon test in SPSS software. The results show the difference in prioritizing the perception of CES in parks with distinct landscape styles. Although recreation is the priority in all parks, and the sense of place and spiritual values are not well understood, in the park with a naturalistic style, a better understanding of the park's Cultural Ecosystem Services has taken place. Therefore, the naturalistic can provide the ground for the meaningful connection of people with the urban green space. The natural layer of the park with semi-dense vegetation, the layering of plants in different layers, and the predominance of the natural layer over the artificial layer of the parks are important factors of the naturalistic body.

Today, human food supply sources are threatened by various factors, such as the reduction of arable and fertile land on a local scale, the increasing dependence on fossil fuels for the production, processing and transportation of food on a global scale. Rethinking the process of production to consumption and self-sufficiency in meeting urban needs are among the solutions that emerge in the form of a new type of agriculture called urban agriculture. This research aimed to investigate the participation and factors affecting it for developing urban agriculture in Tehran city. The research was descriptive and correlational which was conducted through a survey method. Questionnaire was the main tool for data gathering which was validated using some agricultural extension and education experts’ points of view. Cronbach's alpha for different parts of the questionnaire was calculaed and were acceptable. According to the findings, all the variables, except the subjective norm, have an average more than moderate. The results of the correlation between the variables indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between all variables and citizens’ behavior to participate in urban agriculture. According to the findings, among the studied variables, perceived behavioral control has the highest correlation and total causal effect, and then the intention has the highest total causal effect on citizens' behavior to participate in urban agriculture. According to the results, practical suggestions have been presented for extension and development of urban agriculture in Tehran city.

The article has studied the fire incidents that happened in Ardabil city during the five-year period of 1394-1398 with the approach of time-space analysis. In order to reduce the risks and damages caused by fire for citizens, it is necessary to adopt preventive measures and optimal allocation of resources, space-time analyzes of this phenomenon. The number of 2894 fire incidents have been mapped and analyzed in terms of time, space. Radar charts in Excel and spatio-temporal analysis techniques in the geographic information system (GIS) environment have been used to perform the desired analysis. Important parameters such as the date and time of the accidents, the number of dead and injured, and the address of the place of the accidents, have been used for analysis.The study shows that the Spatio-temporal patterns of fires vary depending on the time, types and causes. The results show that most fires occur in residential units and open and green spaces, the most common causes of which are intentional arson and vandalism. The peak of fires is right in the afternoon, at 13:00, and on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, and in the fourth week of each month, they have the highest frequency of fires. According to this study, summer has the highest number of fires. The pattern of spatial distribution is cluster type and the intensity of fire incidents is higher in the central parts of the suburbs. In addition, the results of cluster analysis show that in the study area, fire incidents with large amounts or it is rarely accumulated in the form of hot or cold clusters. Finally, based on the research findings, suggestions for improving the management and prevention of fire accidents are presented.

Flood risk is a multidimensional concept related to uncertainty and complexity. In urban areas, flood risk assessment is still challenging because flood risk analysis is usually not conducted in the combination of social and economic impacts, but exclusively in assessing economic damages that can be measured financially. Flood management involves reducing the effects and risks, but eliminating the effects and risks is almost impossible. The reason for this is our financial limitations and limited knowledge of us humans. One of the ways to reduce the effects of risks is resilience. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to identify the spatial distribution of the state of strength in the districts of the first district of Tehran. Therefore, to achieve the goal, the fuzzy method was used in GIS software. The results of the final index of resilience show that the first region, especially the south and the centre, had the best conditions. Areas 4 and 5 also had suitable conditions in their vicinity, but in comparison with the area, their area was less than one level in the category with suitable conditions. In general, these three regions (1, 4 and 5) formed a continuous pole. After District 1, District 6 had the best situation. Unlike area 1, the influence area of this area does not form a continuous area in other areas and only includes the area of area 6. Also, in general, the western areas (2, 3, 7 and 8) were somewhat worse than the eastern areas

The formation of successful examples of urban unions, such as the Union of Mediterranean, Baltic cities, etc., by benefiting from the tool of city diplomacy, has led to the development of cities and has a special effect on the international activities of cities, this research has been carried out with the aim of explaining the conceptual understanding of city diplomacy and presenting the general pattern of urban networks in the world by using the descriptive-analytical method. In this regard, by using reliable sources and articles and examining successful experiences in this field, various types of city diplomacy, the levels, and cooperation system of city diplomacy, along with the extraction of its most important dimensions and indicators, have been examined and finally the General model of city diplomacy is presented. The findings of the research show that city diplomacy has been carried out in two ways, bilateral and multilateral, on both regional and global scales, and many actors are involved in realizing its goals. Among the 32 indicators extracted from various research studies and experiences, the most important indicators are the membership index in international organizations and forums, followed by the two indicators of the memorandum of understanding of sustainable development and the exchange of knowledge and services, which can be used for case studies in different regions of the world, and with the help of these indicators, it is possible to examine the capacities of forming urban unions and joining them in a region.

Over the past few years, urban planners and managers have increasingly realized the importance of citizens' participation in urban planning and management. They have taken steps to make participation closer from theory to practice. Although many of these efforts have yet to be very successful, it is essential to evaluate participatory processes to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of public participation. In order to achieve more efficient participatory processes in the path of good urban governance, this study evaluates the "Arezoohaye Tehran" campaign as a public participation process to evaluate the impact of such processes on citizens' trust, with a particular focus on electronic participation. In this research, the qualitative approach is employed, and to evaluate the campaign, it has attempted to utilize the experience and perspectives of a variety of actors who have participated in this process, so several in-depth semi-structured interviews have been conducted with city managers, experts, and social activists involved in the project. Additionally, the messages of virtual networks have been analyzed to understand the experiences of citizens participating in this project. Qualitative content analysis and coding methods have been used to analyze the content of interviews and messages on virtual networks. The findings of this research show that pessimism and mistrust of citizens towards public and government institutions and the lack of a suitable environment and preparation for interaction are among the prerequisites for the failure of the campaign, inconsistency between the executive bodies during the process and the lack of mutual learning and not reaching a collective agreement as a result of the process. The dreams of Tehran are considered.

Cities are more dynamic when the smart growth of the city takes into account the well-being of human life in various directions; Therefore, by considering man as the axis of urban development, the importance of his quality of life stands out more. In fact, one of the main goals of urban planning is to achieve a quality urban living environment, which is possible through the implementation of smart growth indicators. The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of smart growth on the quality of life of the residents of District 8 of Mashhad Municipality. The research method is descriptive-analytical using library sources and survey data (questionnaire). Also, using Cochran's formula, a statistical sample consisting of 382 residents of District 8 of Mashhad city has been studied.The collected data were checked through one-sample T-test and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the effectiveness. For illustration, the results of the research using the IDW method are displayed on the maps, and the results show the favorable situation of the 8th region in terms of smart growth indicators with an average of 3.19 and quality of life with an average of 3.31. Also, there is a significant relationship between these two variables with a correlation coefficient of 0.311, which indicates the positive impact of smart growth on the quality of life; In other words, in neighborhoods that have favorable conditions in terms of smart growth indicators, residents are more satisfied with the quality of life in those neighborhoods.

The Corona epidemic is one of the most important issues in the world today, which has significantly changed urban transportation and highlighted the weaknesses of current transportation methods. This crisis has provided a unique opportunity to redesign urban transportation programs in a more sustainable and resistant way. The main goal of the recent research is to evaluate the impact of contextual factors in the development of active transportation during the Corona epidemic in Durood City. This research is of an applied type and based on the descriptive-analytical method, and with the help of a questionnaire, the researcher investigated the effect of background factors such as age, gender, education, etc. on active transportation during the Corona epidemic. The use of structural equation modelling has been investigated. The statistical population of the research includes 180 residents of Durood City, which was calculated using the required software and with a confidence level of 95%. The analysis of the resulting findings shows that among the factors affecting the development of active transportation during the Corona epidemic, social and health factors with the highest factor load are the most effective factors, and among the background factors affecting the development of active transportation, age is the most influential and Household income had the least influence on the choice of active transportation during the outbreak of the Corona epidemic. The final results indicate that the background factors during the outbreak of this epidemic in Durood City greatly affected the development of active transportation during this period.

Landscape, despite affecting the image and identity of the city, has no place in branding research. Research on landscape branding depends on identifying the factors that affect it. The purpose of this study is to determine the indicators of landscape branding. In order to achieve this goal, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods has been used. In-depth review of previous studies to identify and classify the dimensions of landscape branding, forming an expert panel, compiling a questionnaire and screening components using results from fuzzy Delphi and the nonparametric Friedman test are the main steps of the present study. The problems caused by the lack of consensus on the main indicators of place branding are doubled in the field of landscape branding. Therefore, the first stage was dedicated to identifying and categorizing the components of landscape branding by applying the method of written content analysis. The findings of this stage identified 8 dimensions and 41 components. The components were then screened through fuzzy Delphi. According to experts, 8 dimensions (physical, cultural, political, economic, social, historical, environmental and media dimensions) were approved as dimensions of landscape branding, but the number of components was reduced to 26. Finally, the Friedman test calculations had an acceptable overlap with the Delphi results and confirmed the screening of the components. Interpretation of the findings also identified the physical dimension as the most important dimension of the process.