مجله حقوق کودک
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1400)

The presence of children and adolescents at risk in any society is unavoidable and is considered one of the major challenges in the legal systems of countries, because the lack of support and release of them can cause irreparable damage to society. Different countries have measures to protect the rights of children and adolescents at risk of harm, among these measures in Iran are the activities of the Welfare Organization in order to empower this category of children. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the position of the Welfare Organization regarding the protection of homeless and abused children and adolescents and street children in the light of laws and regulations.

The present research has been done using the descriptive and documentary (library) method.

The Welfare Organization provides legal protection to children and adolescents who are without guardians and abused through the exercise of their powers in relation to overnight care centers and substitute families and participating in the prevention of victimization. It also plays a role in the case of street children through recruiting and reforming children and social emergency support.

Organizational stability, continuous follow-up and adoption of strategies to facilitate the performance of legally assigned tasks by the Welfare Organization have a significant effect on the promotion of protective measures for children and adolescents exposed to harm such as orphaned and abused children and street children.

The fundamental right of every child to education and the obligations of countries regarding achieving this right are considered in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. At the level of primary education, member states are obliged to provide free primary education. Also, according to their constitutions and international covenants, governments have the obligation to provide formal and public education with a desirable and complete quality for the members of the society. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the right to free education in relevant documents and laws and its status in Iran.

The research method is descriptive and data collection was done using the library method.

Article 30 and paragraph 3 of Article 3 of the Constitution and Articles 1 and 2 of the Law on Provision of Educational Equipment and Facilities for Iranian Children indicate the importance and being mandatory of education. Fortunately, in the last few years, the Ministry of Education has taken significant steps in the field of primary education, but it is still far from reaching the desired point and developing the right to free and high-quality education.

Fulfilling the right to free education requires creating priority, policy making, support, quality improvement and legal supervision and establishing the requirement for everyone to attend necessary educational courses.

One of the issues of concern to legal systems in most countries of the world is the education of the future generation. In the meantime, children as future builders have rights that the government and family are responsible for implementing. In this study, the right to education and training was examined while reviewing the Development Document and the 2030 Document.

This research has been done in a descriptive way using library resources.

The findings showed that there is limited legal literature on the right to education and some of these texts can be criticized and need to be revised. Also, regarding the right to education, the main criticism is the issue of educational justice and its freeness.

Although the 2030 Agenda seems to have positive points, due to some challenges, it needs localization and coordination with Iranian culture.

Today, the media in different formats dominates the lives of people, especially children and teenagers, and attracts children by highlighting attractive points. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of the media in the realization of juvenile delinquency and investigating preventive solutions in the light of developmental criminology theory.

The present study was carried out using library resources and descriptive-analytical method.

As a double-edged sword, the media can play a positive or negative role, as well as in some cases a passive role and ruining free time in the mental form of people, and has a great impact by creating a sense of Identification in people, especially at a young age, in creating a delinquent center and pushing children to accept delinquent roles or the victimization. perhaps the association of some points that in the past pushed a person from the circle of innocence to delinquency and the reproduction of it through the media and the creation of a context for delinquency, make him seek his first in other dimensions according to the sense of curiosity, especially in children and teenagers, makes them determined and puts them in the trap of crime.

By conducting a field study and using developmental criminology tools and investigating different periods of life in children and adolescents and investigating the degree of overcoming and resisting sensual desire in different age periods, we can get rich resources for making correct decisions in knowing the situations that lead a person to delinquency and after that, a proper orientation was achieved towards these platforms and in preventing and eliminating delinquent domains and finally, the appropriate criminal prescription with the guarantee of efficient implementation succeeded in creating a safe environment for children.

Adoption or guardianship is an entity that many debates have been raised about its nature, conditions, effects and moral and social dos and don'ts. In this study, along with the concept, we will examine the historical-legal background of this institution with a comparative study in Islam, Iran and England, as well as explain the importance and necessity of the adoption in society.

The present study was carried out using library resources and descriptive-analytical method.

Adoption has long been a way to solve the problems of orphans and semi-orphans in different societies, and the difference in attitudes is only in the nature of this relationship and its effects. Adoption is considered a necessary entity in today's societies, which, in addition to providing the benefits of orphaned children and childless couples, will have positive social effects, and its rules need to be adapted to social requirements.

A developmental approach in accepting the entity of adoption, taking into account the cultural and local dimensions, while removing obstacles and facilitating the formal conditions of guardianship and improving its quality by using continuous monitoring tools, can be an answer to solving children's problems and equipping the community in the shadow of attention to Adoption.

According to official investigations and statements of government officials, Iran is the second country in the world contaminated with landmines despite sixteen million mines imposed after the end of the war on four million and two hundred thousand hectares of contaminated land in five western provinces. As a group of people at risk and residents of contaminated areas, children are an important part of the victims. The purpose of this article is to review the domestic and international laws and regulations which support mine injured children and examine the capacity of compensation and restoration as a restorative model in the treatment of physical and psychological trauma and resocialization of children who are victims of these munitions, focusing on their needs and wishes.

The present study was carried out using library resources and descriptive-analytical method.

Children are among the sensitive spectrum of mine victims, whose situation requires a differential protection approach from the government. In the law, only the financial needs of mine victim children have been considered with defects and the psychological and social needs of these children have not been considered.

The necessity of using the restorative model in supporting mine victim children is to focus on their real needs and wishes, which will be paved with legal changes and reforms.