فصلنامه نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، بهار 1402)

The main goal of the research is to introduce tea factories and to recognize their architectural patterns, which are considered to be an exclusive example of industrial architecture in northern Iran. Therefore, the research takes into account 6 components and analyzes 4 selected examples of factories, and separates the architectural pattern of each one.

This research is based on quantitative-qualitative method, relying on descriptive-analytical strategies and studying the architectural features of tea factories built in Northern Iran, during the Pahlavi period. Historical studies have been done by referring to historical documents or referring to the archives of Iran Tea Organization and Tea Research Institute.

The analysis of the architecture of tea factories based on 6 components shows the plan, volume, roof structure and type of covering, materials, facade, openings and decorations.  In the 4 examples of tea factories, two are the first Pahlavi examples built by European architects, and in the other two examples from the second Pahlavi period, a combination of modern and traditional architecture is evident in the body of the buildings.

The predominant pattern of tea factories in Iran is an axial plan with a central projection, a sloping roof, row openings and a simple view. It was first performed by German architects in Iran. In the examples of the second side, with the presence of traditional architects and the use of materials such as bricks, the facade was reduced.

After the industrial revolution, Architectes encountered a variety of concerns. Among those were the altercation between identity and new technologies, in which some believed these two elements were directly opposite. In this regard, the main goal of the research is to explain the theoretical relationship between new technologies and the building's formal framework in the architectural works of the last four decades in Iran to provide a strategy to improve its contemporary architecture.

The research is a combined research and consists of descriptive-analytical and survey from a methodological point of view and is practical research in terms of its purpose. After examining the relevant theoretical foundations, the criteria are determined, and the samples are defined and analyzed based on the main criteria. The resulting data are presented as a questionnaire to the expert statistical community. SmartPLS was used to validate the questionnaire, and Friedman's test was used in SPSS software to prioritize the data.

the findings indicate that most experts believe that the most significant impact of new technologies in Contemporary Iranian Architecture should occur in the three main dimensions: flexibility in construction, high-speed construction, and safety of new materials against fire.

by examining the multi-functional buildings of the last four decades specifically in the last decade, the widespread attention of contemporary designers and architects is to use new technologies in the aesthetic aspects of buildings, which has led to the decline of the building's identity when employing modern technologies to it.

Sustainability assessment systems are an important tool for measuring and managing actions taken in architectural works. The main goal of the research is to measure the efficiency of the DGNB system in management and programming the architectural interventions in the Karaj Iron Foundry.

descriptive-analytical research method is adopted in the article. The method of data collection is archieve documentary. the Karaj Iron Foundry as a shared heritage of Iran and Germany is selected as case study of the reserch. The monument was built by famous German, Austrian, Italian, Swiss, etc. architects between World War I and World War II, and it is worth considering as a world heritage site.

The findings of the research in the Karaj Iron Foundry based on the DGNB system indicate that the environmental quality with 20% influence on the sustainability is in the first place, the economic quality is in the second place with 17.9%, and the social quality is in the second place. Cultural and functional quality with 16.7% stand in third place, technological quality with 15.3% stands in fourth place, process quality with 15.2% stands in fifth place and finally site quality with 15% stands in sixth place.

The results indicate the efficiency of the DGNB rating system in programming an action framework for the Karaj Iron Foundry. Therefore, it is possible to recommend the adoption of this sustainability evaluation system in managing the action process in other valuable works of contemporary heritage and industrial architectural heritage.

The yard has played a much more prominent role than ever. After the changes in the structure of the community, the house and yard changed. The present study investigates these changes and the reasons for their occurrence during the contemporary period.

The data collection is a documentary.

The results of the study indicate that in the past, the yard has been an organized element to the home, an element of light and ventilation of the spaces, a connector with nature, and providing a convenient space for family comfort and celebration. But the yard’s role today is merely the space between the house and the passage, the car movement, and sometimes the small gardens to make optimal use of the remaining areas of the motorway.

Due to society's changing social and cultural structures, resurrecting the same way traditional courtyard for today's society is in vain. The same traditional courtyards in the new urban design where the houses are overlapped have been changed to roof gardens that need to be in sight. These changes can be attributed to the developments in the Qajar era. Given these developments, the relationships and assumptions of the world of tradition were not capable of living in the contemporary world. All in all, modern man’s environmental perceptions changed. As the most relevant space to man, the house has undergone significant changes, and the yard, one of its most important spaces, has not been immune to these changes.

Modernization theory today, as one of the newest theories, suggests the application of contemporary architecture in the process of action in valuable cultural and historical contexts. The most challenging issue among these is to identify the differences and similarities of this theory with other competing opinions and analyze its strengths and weaknesses. The main goal of the research is to reread the theory of contemporization for adding quality to the old textures through the experience of creating value for the heritage of contemporary architecture.

The current research strategy is logical reasoning strategy. It is a descriptive-analytical research method that uses the tactic of comparative comparison to advance the research process. The theoretical framework of the research is a combination of the master architecture theory and the theory of contemporization. Hence, the research analyzes and rereads the strengths and weaknesses of the theory of contemporization by comparing competing theories.

The analysis of research findings in two fields including the field of formal system (physical-structural system) and content system (1- economic, 2- social system and 3- environmental system) shows that the theory of contemporization can be better than the theory competitors such as reconstruction, renovation, improvement and regeneration; In the category of quality, it acts as a part of historical and cultural contexts and increases the quality of life of the residents.

The results of the research show that the theory of contemporization by emphasizing the design approaches and values of contemporary architecture increases the quality of historical and cultural contexts; Along with simultaneous emphasis on formal system and content system.

In the protection of places with cultural significance, the identification and assessment procedure is the basic phase and generally the first step. Considering the specific characteristics of Modern and contemporary heritage, a framework for this procedure is necessary. The purpose of this research is to propose a framework based on the activities, documents and research done in this field in the global context.

This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method with library-study and logical reasoning in the three areas of registration, identification and assessment of modern works.

In this study, while reviewing the activities and researches, the criteria of the world heritage guidelines effective on the registration of modern heritage, the historical thematic identification frameworks of this heritage and a method for assessment the buildings of the era have been introduced. At the end, based on these cases, a model and framework of the assessment process of modern architectural heritage is proposed. Also, it’s usage has been investigated in a domain of Iranian heritage works.

A framework for the assessment process of the modern architectural heritage provides the possibility of clarifying and facilitating the registration, identification and assessment of these works. Such a framework, taking into account the nature of Modern and contemporary heritage and its commonalities in the global context, has the possibility of being formulated as a general framework. To use in a national or regional context, it is necessary to adapt it considering the historical, cultural and social characteristics of the context.

Inlay is one of the invaluable art-works of contemporary heritage of Qajar era. The aim of the research is to document and to analyze the entrance door of Zeyd Imamzadeh in Tehran and the entrance door of the National Museum of Iran. It is to understand the innovative components of these cases in order to obtain deep technical information about inlay.

From the methodological point of view, the research has a qualitative nature. For the experimental part of the inference mechanism, the case studies were analyzed by combined strategies in a contextual approach. The research method has a descriptive-analytical nature. The method of collecting the information is technical survey and in-depth scrutiny. The two entrances have been selected by purposive sampling method.

The investigations carried out in the field and accomplished by reviewing the documentary availability. The findings indicate that the inlay work of the entrance door of Zeyd Imamzadeh in Tehran and the protected entrance door in the National Museum of Iran are among the best examples of contemporary heritage which revealed the hidden quality of the Qajar art and architecture.

The conclusion of the research indicates that the studied entrance doors are among the high-quality art-works of the Qajar period, in which innovative components such as marquetry inlay and inlay are in high quality arrangement of Gereh. The conclusion of the research highlights that the protection and maintenance are among the most effective parts of the conservation of these heritage monuments.