نشریه مطالعات تاریخ انتظامی
پیاپی 36 (بهار 1402)

One of the most important results of  king Naser al-Din S's second trip to Europe was hiring the Austrian Count Dumont Fert to organize the structure of the Nazmiyah in Iran. The purpose of  Kent's presence was to create the structure and organize the order in a modern way by using the developed intellectual and practical capacities of modern Western thought to create security in the Nasrid Caliphate. This article intends to examine the actions, results and achievements of this police chief by using library sources and using the descriptive-analytical method. The findings of  the research show that although Kent was able to provide a relative security situation in Dar al-Khilafah with some new measures while establishing order, but over time, due to the traditional political structure of Iran, he was caught in the prison of opponents of political development. Influential people such as the king, princes, courtiers, the Luti population dependent on power and even the diplomats of the colonial countries who saw their personal and group interests lost due to the actions of the count, prevented the growth and expansion of the actions of these officers of the order and while intimidating and His threat and his family caused Shah Qajar to dismiss him.

The conflict between autocrats and constitutionalists entered the stage of military war after Mohammad Ali Shah closed the National Council and the resistance of Tabriz mujahideen and constitutionalists against him. Supporters of the autocratic system, including Iqbal al-Sultaneh Makoui, led by Mohammad Ali Shah, rushed to the only base of Iran's constitutionalism in Tabriz to establish an autocratic government throughout Iran. Killing, looting and creating terror were among the most important tactics of Makoui's army in the war against the freedom fighters. The current research seeks to answer the question, what role did the Makoui army play in the Tabriz wars and what were the results of their performance? In the current research, an attempt has been made to investigate the performance of the Makoui forces in the war with Tabriz Mujahideen during the period of minor tyranny by using the descriptive-analytical method and using library and documentary sources. The findings show that the autocrats had high hopes for the victory and success of Mako forces, which was one of the most important government forces present in Tabriz, but they did nothing against the fighting tactics of the Mujahideen of Tabriz and were defeated, and their retreat weakened their morale and fighting power of  tyrants was present in Tabriz.

Security as a concept that is linked with the cultural and value system of societies, in both negative and positive aspects, means the explanation of the relations between the society and the government in the light of order and stability and the creation of peace or lack of it. Political security in the light of the state-oriented perspective, which attributes the quality of security and the legitimacy of the government to the functioning and efficiency of the government; In Iranian political thought, it finds parallels with the concept of justice and sees the political system with the cosmic system and the connection between religion and government. Based on this, justice-oriented is a determining principle in the relationship between government and society. As far as it can be said, the security-oriented government system has been a successful model that Muslim intellectuals have used in criticizing the existing conditions and making political demands. Looking at the conditions governing Iran in the third century of Hijri, it seems that Dinori had the same thought model in mind when explaining the political security in the Sassanid period and while narrating the events of history, he criticized the injustice and inefficiency of the political security in his time. The work is closed. With this claim, the present article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, while reviewing the nature and concept of political security in the political thought of Iranians, examines the religious events surrounding the history of the Sassanid era, relying on security and confirming the good or bad behavior of the rulers of this era. The result of the research can confirm that Dinuri, by highlighting order and security or its lack in the Sasanian era, had a critique of the conditions of his time on his agenda.

The city of Qazvin was very important due to its location on the main roads of the west and north of the country, as well as its location on the road to Russia, both internally and externally. Having a privileged communication position and providing grain needed by the Russian forces through Qazvin caused the Allies to make Qazvin the base of their forces at the start of the First world war. Therefore, the most important issue during the war was the damage to the agricultural and population infrastructure and the loss of security and order in the city and villages of Qazvin. Present research tries to Descriptive and analytical method by relying on reliable sources answer this questions that how the presence of Russian forces fueled insecurity and disorder in the city? What were the security and law enforcement consequences of the presence of Russian forces in Qazvin? Present research aims to show how much the security and law enforcement consequences created by the Russians affected people's lives. information.Findings of present research show that the presence of Russians in Qazvin led to an increase in theft, beating of residents, murder, occupation of government offices and places, destruction of farms and gardens, and as a result, the escape of villagers, and the important factor in the losses of Russians is inefficiency and lack of opposition of the government against the Russians.

Iran has always faced various threats and damages throughout its ancient and ups and downs history. After the victory of the Islamic revolution, the new system has faced more and more hard and soft threats. While threats are formed in both internal and external dimensions, in this article, the most important research goal is to identify external threats (hard and soft) against the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the last two decades. Therefore, the main question is: What are the external threats (hard and soft) against the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the last two decades? The main hypothesis shows; It seems at the level of external threats; Hostile propaganda, Iran-phobia and Western international sanctions in the soft and hard spheres; The US military presence in the region and the Zionist regime are considered to be one of the most important threats to Iran's security. The research method in this study is descriptive and analytical.

One of the security problems during the Qajar era was the theft of people's property and assets, which happened repeatedly and caused a lot of damage to their owners. Therefore, both the government officials and the people in response to these thefts took measures and measures to return the stolen property to their original owners. This research, using historical sources and texts and descriptive-analytical method, tries to answer these questions: What are the existing methods for returning stolen property to their owners and why do those who have lost their property prefer to return stolen property? Have they had flexible, non-violent and non-disciplined actions? The premise of the research is based on the principle that people lose their property for various reasons, including distrust of authorities and law enforcement officers, and that flexible and non-violent methods are less expensive for them and quickly give results and return the original property. They were more inclined to use such methods. The findings of the research indicate that in the case of property theft, the losers tried to recover the property due to their lack of trust in the authorities and law enforcement officers, usually without help or even informing the police and without using any violence or coercive force. They can return their stolen property.