نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 61، خرداد و تیر 1402)

Today, attention to the family and its role in the establishment of a healthy society has been given more attention by psychologists and researchers. One of the most important issues in couple adjustment is alexithymia. Therefore, the aim of the present study is prediction of couple adjustment based on disconnection and rejection schema with the Mediation of alexithymia an in married elementary school teachers of Qom city.

The current research is of a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all married male and female educators of Qom province. The research sample was based on Krejcie & Morgan's table and there were 291 male and female married elementary school teachers in Qom who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Measurement instruments include demographic questionnaire, "Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale", "Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form" and "Toronto Alexithymia Scale".  The validity of the tools was checked by exploratory factor analysis and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Spearman-Brown's correlation coefficient. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 24 and AMOS 24.

The proposed model has a good fit (GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.91, CFI=0.9, RMSEA=0.04) and alexithymia has a significant mediating role between disconnection and rejection schema with couple adjustment (P<0.05). Also, alexithymia has a significant mediating role in the relationship between disconnection and rejection schema to couple adjustment.

The variable of alexithymia has a significant mediating role in the relationship between cut and rejection schema with couple compatibility. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists and counselors use schema therapy in order to improve couples who have dyslexia.

In any job, performing job tasks requires different psychological demands, physical demands and workload, which can lead to physical and psychological problems in the employee. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to predict the health (organizational stress, health complaints, exhaustion and fatigue) of employees from the psychological demands of the job, physical demands, workload, and opportunities for development, possibilities for professional development and financial rewards in a company affiliated to the Ministry of Oil in Isfahan.

The participants of this descriptive-correlation study were 362 employees of a company affiliated to the Ministry of Oil in Isfahan, who were selected randomly using a table of numbers. Research instruments include, demographic questionnaire, "Psychological Job Demands Scale", "Physical Demands Scale", "Workload Scale", "Opportunities for Development Scale", 
"Possibilities for Professional Development Scale", "Financial Rewards Scale", "Organizational Stress Questionnaire", "Perceived Health Complaints Scale", "Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey” and “Chalder Fatigue Scale”. The validity of the instruments was measured using the face and concurrent validity. Reliability was confirmed by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and stability by retest method. Data analysis was done in SPSS. 20 software.

Psychological demands, physical demands and workload, positively in the order of organizational tension (β=17.01, β=29.02, β=22.03, P<0.05), health complaints (β=15.01, 17 β=/02, β=03.23, P<0.05), burnout (β=19.01, β=12.02, P<0.05) and fatigue (β=22.01, β=02.15) , β=03.17, P<0.05) and opportunities for development, possibilities for professional development and financial reward, negatively in the order of organizational burnout (β=1-0.18, β=2-0.15, 12/ β=3-0, P<0.05), health complaints (β=1-0.14, β=2-0.17, β=3-0.15, P<0.05), fatigue (0.11 β=-1, β=2-0.13, β=3-0.15, P<0.05) and fatigue (β=1-0.14, β=2-0.16, β=3-0.18 =β, P < 0.05).

Employee health is improved by increasing psychological demands, physical demands and work load, and by increasing opportunities for development, possibilities for professional development, and financial rewards. Therefore, in order to improve the health of employees, psychological demands, physical demands and workload should be reduced and opportunities for development, possibilities for professional development and financial rewards should be increased.

Adaptation is a continuous process during which a person's social learning experiences satisfy his psychological needs. It seems that through conscientiousness, one can satisfy needs and achieve quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to predict the quality of life based on conscientiousness with the mediation of adaptation in orphan and abandoned adolescents in Tehran province.

Descriptive-correlation research method and the statistical population of the present study included 1639 neglected and abused teenagers living in quasi-family centers in Tehran province in 2018, out of which 258 were selected by convenience sampling method. Research instruments include demographic questionnaire, "World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire", "NEO Five-Factor Inventory" and "Adjustment Inventory for School Students". The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity using a qualitative method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS. 24 and Amos. 24 software were used for data analysis.

The total path coefficient between conscientiousness and quality of life (P<0.01, β=0.157) was positive and significant at the 0.01 level. The direct path coefficient between adaptation and quality of life (P<0.01, β=0.258) was negative and significant at the 0.01 level. The direct path coefficient between conscientiousness and adaptability (p<0.01, β=0.342) was negative and significant at the 0.01 level. The indirect path coefficient between conscientiousness and quality of life (P<0.05, β=0.088) was positive and significant at the 0.05 level.

Quality of life is predicted based on conscientiousness with the mediation of adjustment in orphan and abandoned adolescents. It is suggested to the coaches and teachers to include the principles of conscientiousness in the lessons and training of children and teenagers, especially the orphan and abandoned adolescents in order to improve their adaptation and quality of life.
Keywords: Adaptation, Quality of Life, Conscientiousness, Orphan and Abandoned, Adolescents.

Stress and resilience are among the factors affecting the performance of novice nurses, especially in crisis situations such as the Covid-19 pandemic, and the correct use of time can be effective in improving it. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of «Time Management Training» on the perceived stress and resilience of novice nurses working in the covid-19 wards in the teaching hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

The method of the current research was semi-experimental of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The research community was novice nurses working in four educational hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The sample consisted of 70 novice nurses in the inpatient wards of covid-19 patients who were selected by convenience sampling method. To prevent the dissemination of information, the departments where they worked were randomly divided into 2 intervention and control groups. Data were collected with demographic questionnaire, «Perceived Stress Scale» and «Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale». Face and content validity were examined by 7 experts using a qualitative method, and reliability was based on previous studies. In the intervention group, time management training was provided and carried out through the delivery of an educational package including booklets, videos, pamphlets and nursing activity scheduling charts, using reliable nursing resources, and the control group did not receive any intervention. 4 weeks after time management training, both instruments were completed again in both intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 21.

In the intervention group, the average stress decreased from 18.81 to 16.75 and the average resilience increased from 85.31 to 91.39. The results were statistically significant (P<0.001) and not significant in the control group and were obtained (P=0.051) and (P=0.178), respectively.

Time management training can reduce stress and increase resilience in novice nurses. Therefore, it is suggested that this intervention be used as an orientation program for novice nurses to prepare for crisis conditions such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

The general sense that arises in a person after perception of the specific environment is called "sense of place", which is one of the important factors in urban planning and management. The present research was conducted with the aim of development and psychometrically measuring the employees’ "Sense of Place Scale in Urban Neighborhood" in Karmandan neighborhood of Zanjan city.

The current research is of a methodological type. At first, a wide review of the texts related to the research subject, including library documents and scientific articles from 2012 to 2021, was conducted and by analyzing them in the form of a data extraction form, “Sense of Place Scale on Urban Neighborhood” was developed. Then, the content validity ratio and the content validity index of the scale were done by asking the opinions of 15 experts in the fields of architecture and urban planning with the purposeful sampling method using the snowball method. Construct validity was measured by exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and divergent validity by distributing the scale among 480 residents of Zanjan city employees' neighborhood using convenience sampling method. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability were calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed in SPSS. 22, Amos. 24 and PLS. 3 software.

In the qualitative part, "Sense of Place Scale in Urban Neighborhood" was developed with 50 items. In the quantitative part, content validity ratio and content validity index were measured, and 18 terms were removed, and 32 items remained. Construct validity was conducted by exploratory factor analysis with 480 residents of Zanjan's employees' neighborhood and the results showed 3 subscales: Semantic (perceptual-emotional), spatial (form-physical) and social (functional-activity). Convergent validity was 0.52 and divergent validity was 0.78. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for 3 semantic (perceptual-emotional), spatial (Form-physical) and social (functional-activity) subscales were 0.83, 0.87 and 0.87, and for the scale was 0.93 respectively.

"Sense of Place Scale in Urban Neighborhood" is valid and reliable with 32 statements and 3 subscales. It is suggested to use the designed scale in related research about sense of place on urban neighborhood.

Marital infidelity can cause severe emotional consequences in couples. Marital infidelity leads to deep conflicts, separation, divorce, and psychological and social damage. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of "Hypnotherapy" and "Schema Therapy" on mental health in men and women who have been in marital infidelity in Tehran.

The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all the cheated couples in Tehran who had been referred to the Psychological Counseling Center in Tehran in the second half of 2022 due to the psychological consequences of marital infidelity. Sampling was done in a non-random and convenience method. First, 48 people were selected and then replaced in the first and second intervention groups and the control group (16 people in each group) in a simple random way using the lottery method. The research instruments were a demographic questionnaire and "Symptom Check List-90-Revised" to measure the symptoms of mental disorders. Content validity and face validity were measured by the qualitative method and reliability by the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. People in the "Hypnotherapy" group were treated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and in the "Schema Therapy" group in 20 sessions of 90 minutes. The control group received the therapy after completing the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 22 software.

The two therapy methods used were effective in increasing the mental health of the participants (P<0.05), but the difference between "Hypnotherapy" and "Schema Therapy" is not significant at the 0.05 level.

Considering the effectiveness of "Hypnotherapy" and "Schema Therapy" on increasing mental health, it is suggested that counseling centers and family clinics use these two therapy methods for unfaithful spouses.

One of the problems of people undergoing hemodialysis is the reduction of the tolerance threshold and the reduction of resilience against psychological problems. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" and "Metacognitive Therapy" on the resilience of women undergoing hemodialysis.

The current research was semi-experimental using a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with 3 months later. In this study, 54 hemodialysis patients referred to Imam Ali (AS) and Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Karaj in 2019 were selected by convenience sampling method and included in the study by random and lottery method. Demographic questionnaire and "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale" were used to collect data. The content validity of the instrument was satisfied by previous studies, and the reliability was calculated by the internal consistency method by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and by the test-retest method. For the "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" group (18 people), 8 sessions of 90 minutes "Metacognitive Therapy" group (18 people), 8 sessions of 60 minutes, were held in the dialysis department of the hospital. Data were analyzed with SPSS. 23 with a significance level of less than 0.05.

The results of the multivariate covariance analysis showed significant differences between the intervention and control groups in the post-test and follow-up stages (P≤0.001). The effect size of the intra-group and interaction sources of change for the resilience variable was 0.800 and 0.775 percent, respectively. 

Both therapy methods have had an effect on improving the endurance of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. It is suggested to use therapeutic interventions to increase resilience in hemodialysis patients.

One of the major problems of employees is lack of activity. This study was conducted with the aim of development model of physical activity in the employees of medical sciences universities based on the Grounded Theory.

The current qualitative research was conducted using the Grounded Theory. The research community, knowledgeable people in the field of research included managers and officials of medical sciences universities, university lecturers, experts and sports science experts. The number of samples using the principle of theoretical saturation was 18, which were selected using the purposeful snowball sampling method. Data collection was done by semi-structured interviews. 4 criteria including credibility, generalizability, reliability and verifiability were used to measure the validity of the findings. The intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which was equal to 0.85. Data analysis was done with open, axial and selective triple coding and with MAXQDA software.

 6 selected components under the title of components (causal conditions, context, intervening conditions, phenomena, strategies and consequences), 33 core codes and 61 open codes were identified.

Causal condition components include 8 core codes, context components include 8 core codes, intervening condition components include 3 core codes, phenomenon component include 1 core code, strategies components include 7 core codes and consequences components include 6 core codes. It is suggested to use the results in the presented model to develop physical activity among employees.