نشریه پژوهش های ادبی و بلاغی
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، زمستان 1401)

One of the best ways to know and preserve the culture and identity of any nation is to pay special attention to the heritage left by the ancestors of that nation. Accordingly, this heritage should be preserved and made available to everyone. In the term, manuscripts or manuscripts are old books that are the works of predecessors and are not printed; Also, in the library literature, manuscripts are called writings that are a single copy and produced by the author. Manuscripts or manuscripts are very important due to their high research and archival value. But what is called a manuscript in Persian literature is the books that were usually produced in the era before the spread of the printing industry in Iran and Islamic countries. The most literary researches in Iran and other Islamic countries have been manuscripts, which are manuscripts of the works of predecessors; It is the most important monument that deserves to be preserved and corrected. Unfortunately, there is no accurate and complete information about this Persian-speaking poet. The mentioned poet wrote his poems mostly in the form of sonnets and odes with mystical, religious and praise themes.

For conceptual metaphors, Lykoff considers the two domains of origin and destination, which in the metaphor of "love is war" is the origin of war, which is used as a destination domain to give meaning to the concepts in the category of love. The aim of this study was to investigate the conceptual metaphor of war and love in Simin Behbahani's poems by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of recognizing the concepts related to love. The results showed that Behbahani has considered the attributes and actions for the lover and the beloved, some of which are specific to one party, some of which are common between the two parties and some of which are necessary for each other. These attributes and actions include psychological, material, and physical consequences. In this metaphorical realm, although in most cases the lover is the victor of the field and the lover is the loser, but in some cases Behbahani, by deconstructing his style, puts the lover in a weaker position and this causes a higher frequency of common themes between lover and Has become more beloved than other actions. In general, most of the tricks and acts of war are for the beloved, and the most results and consequences of the war, especially in the part of physical results, are assigned to the lover.

Fazel Nazari is one of the contemporary modernist poets in sonnets. A significant part of this poet's modernity is in poetic images, and that he relies on his personal vision and emphasizes empiricism and objectivism in the image. He is inspired by personal attitude and takes advantage of contemporary phenomena in illustration and in precision resembles to the meticulous Indian poets. These images are the cause of his eloquence and has an aesthetic character. They play an important role in influencing and captivating his poetry. This study explores the modernity sources of Fazel in illustration, and based on this, nature and modernity phenomena are examined as two important sources in his visual modernity in a descriptive-analytical manner. The emergence of elements of nature and contemporary phenomena in his poetry are analyzed. The present study clarifies that image is one of the important dimensions of the influence of Fazel's poetry and the above-mentioned elements have a flawless presence in his visual modernism.The emergence of elements of nature and contemporary phenomena in his poetry are analyzed. The present study clarifies that image is one of the important dimensions of the influence of Fazel's poetry and the above-mentioned elements have a flawless presence in his visual modernism

Cohesion is one of the fundamental components of every text. It is created through the juxtaposition of words and the establishment of semantic, grammatical and pragmatic relationships between sentences within the text. Within a functional linguistics framework, Halliday & Hassan (1976) suggested the category of cohesion and its subcategories including grammatical & lexical cohesion. The present paper uses Halliday & Hassan’s theory to study the elements of grammatical cohesion in the short story, Modire Mdreseh (The School Principal). To this end, different samples from the text were analyzed to explore the application of the elements of grammatical coherence including reference, ellipsis, substitution and conjunctions. The results indicated that reference (69.9%) and conjunctions (25.1%) have the biggest roles and ellipsis (4.01%) and substitution (0.91%) have had the smallest roles in the cohesion of the text. The findings are in line with the stylistic characteristics of Jalal-e Al-e Ahmad in colloquial writing. Moreover, the result showed that the story Modire Madreseh is cohesive as far as grammatical cohesion is concerned and the writer has made proper use of reference and conjunctions to maintain the relatedness of words and sentences. Using the elements of grammatical cohesion, Al-e Ahamad has been successful in attracting readers and making them keep reading.

Educational literature refers to those literary works whose content is moral, social or scientific teachings and are created for the purpose of education. One of the most prominent works in the field of Persian prose educational literature is Qaboosnameh.Qaboosnameh or advice is one of the works of the fifth century AH and is an educational work that has a special place in the field of ethics and guidance. Qaboosnameh features are not only related to its educational content and advice; Rather, several factors together contribute to the deepening and penetration of these educational teachings in the audience. In this regard, the present study seeks to discuss the indicators of discourse in this educational work. The theoretical basis of this research is the theory presented by Fraser about discourse markers and their division from them. In this article, we will first talk about educational literature, Qaboos, and discourse markers. Then, the markers in the text of this book are analyzed and analyzed based on four divisions: 1- Detailed markers, 2- Contrast markers, 3- Inference markers, and. 4- Time markers, and according to the results obtained from the studies, With this research and in the introduction section, the answer is given.

A study of the Masnavi shows that in many cases the jurisprudential-theological beliefs of Rumi are different from the Shiite beliefs and mostly agree with the beliefs of the Ash'arite sect, but in any case the Masnavi has been accepted by Iranians who are Shiites. . This research tries to extract through the keyword, conceptual study and collection of concepts, analysis and inference of data, exploration and extraction of the ideas presented in Masnavi and its comparison with the Twelver Shiite beliefs. The method of doing the keyword method is conceptual in such a way that in a specific subject, for example, the occurrence and step of the Qur'an, all the verses in which the words related to the occurrence and step of the Qur'an have been used have been collected. In addition, by studying Masnavi, the concepts related to this subject should be examined. Considering what can be deduced from the comparison of the theological beliefs of Allameh Hali and Rumi, it can be seen that their theological views and opinions are in many cases different from each other and opposite to each other, for example, in monotheism, Saeedeh's vision. The antiquity of divine attributes, predestination and authority, monotheism of actions, jurisprudence and predestination, Imamate and guardianship, good and bad deeds, good and evil, and in very few cases have almost similar views such as intercession and reincarnation.