مجله جغرافیا و توسعه
پیاپی 71 (تابستان 1402)

Given that the urban spatial structure has a coherent system and is made up of a variety of components and elements, it appears necessary to emphasize its aspects in terms of different service indicators.The instability of any one of these components can have an impact on the entire complex and urban structure.Given the significance of the issue of spatial justice inthe distribution of urban services,the present study aims to investigate how urban services are distributed inYasoujcity and to pinpoint imbalances and inequalities at the of the city.This article used a descriptive-analytical research method.The mean nearest neighbor index was employed to identify the distribution pattern of urban services,and network analysis in Arc GIS software was used to evaluate the status of the city in terms of access to public services.The results of the study indicate the location of service clusters in Yasouj city.In this manner, the service distribution is beneficial in the areas of the city that are in District1 of Region1 and District1 of Region2, but it is unfavorable in the areas of the city that are in the east and northeast as well as the southern neighborhoods.The research's overall findings indicate that Yasouj city's service distribution is in poor shape and that the outskirt areas are less prosperous than the city center neighborhoods.Therefore, it is advised reviewing the urban development plans, paying attention to the present needs and necessities, avoiding the place, spatial, and economic requirements in the location of services, and redistributing services and giving the disadvantaged neighborhoods priority

In the current research, with the participation of managers, officials and academic experts, key drivers affecting the smart growth of rural settlements in Jiroft County have been identified and finally, scenarios effective on the formation of smart growth of rural settlements have been formulated. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The method of collecting data and information was in the form of library and documents and survey (interview). By examining scientific sources, 57 factors influencing the smart growth of rural settlements were identified, which were categorized into 4 dimensions; And a total of 30 people, including managers of related organizations and academic experts, were interviewed. Data analysis was based on prospective research techniques; including structure analysis, interaction analysis (Micmac and Scenario Wizard software). The results showed that there are 35 scenarios with weak compatibility and only one scenario is in a state of strong and stable compatibility (zero incompatibility). The first scenario, which is a scenario with a positive direction, has a total interaction score of 446 and a compatibility value of 5; While the second scenario, which is the unfavorable scenario, has a total interaction effect score of -93 and a compatibility value of -1. The third scenario (standing) also had a compatibility value of 3, and with a total score of 42 interactions, it can be one of the possible scenarios for the future of rural physical-spatial developments.

Semantics is one of the new topics in linguistics that have been developed as an applied methodology today.The analysis and interpretation of the Geographical landmarks (that known as space generator)is related to the domain of semantics in Cognitive Geomorphology.When Spirn (1998)wrote "the language of landscape"book,semantics concepts unexpectedly entered in Geographic discussions.In this book, landscapes, Geographical text and its structure are considered as language.She has given us the concept of "Earth meaningfully" as a broader cognitive pattern of what has already been common in Geomorphology. In this method, Geographic landscapes are presented as a text consisting of phenomena, sentences, and paragraphs that define many semantic patterns for their residents.This study was carried out according to the"context analysis" method.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences between the paraphrastic view and thepositivism in Geomorphology.This research by analysis of the works of five influential personalities in philosophy,Experimental Science and Geomorphology the meaning – substance ratio and its contrast were studied with experimental sciences, andthe"Earth meaningfully"was investigated in this analysis.The results of this study showed:- Cognitive Geographical methods are not possible with the conventional approaches in the present semantics, and this method has led to the separation of various domains of this field in our era.- Methodological study of the"Earth meaningfully"brings new horizons of understanding for Geography researchers that are not possible with conventional methods.-The Earth meaningfully teaches us that the democratization of recognition and lack of scientific despotism is the key to solving many of the current problems.

Earth metrics are usually the broadest and most diverse measurements of space metrics. Many of these metrics have been developed specifically for urban studies, focusing on spatial patterns such as density, sprawl/compression, centrality, land use mix, connectivity, or accessibility. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and based on remote sensing data. In this research, firstly, the land use map of 2013 and 2015 was prepared using Landsat satellite images and using ENVI 5.3 software with a supervised classification method in 4 classes of urban space, fields, gardens and man-made wastelands. . which shows the ecological changes of the green space of the study area in a period of 7 years. Then the land use changes of the region were prepared with the help of ArcGIS and finally analyzed using Fragastas software. The findings of the research show that the green space of the city of Soumesara is decreasing and turning into a man-made space, that indiscriminate constructions have had important effects on the ecological structure of the region, as a result of which the green and barren spaces are not used for residential purposes. and the highest rate of conversion of green space use to artificial uses and after that was waste use.

The globalization of healthcare has led to the emergence of a new form of tourism known as health tourism. Given the special importance of tourism and especially health tourism and the resulting economic benefits, the quality factor can be important and fundamental. Among the factors that can affect the quality of health tourism services are cultural values. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of cultural values ​​on the perceived quality of health tourism services in Sarein city, which is done using Hofstede culture model and Padma service quality model. The statistical population of this study includes all domestic tourists who entered the city of Sarein in the period of June and early July of 2018. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and out of 400 distributed questionnaires, 372 people answered the questionnaires. Structural equations and LISREL software were used for data analysis. The results show that the relationship between pleasure-seeking/self-control and perceived quality of health tourism services is significant and positive. Also, a positive and significant relationship between long-term/ short-term orientation, degree of ambiguity acceptance, power distance, masculinity/ feminism and individualism/collectivism with the perceived quality of health tourism services was confirmed.

Sistan region is one of the important regions whose life depends on the flow of Hirmand river. In this research, the trend of changes in the area of Hamoon wetlands and the factors affecting it, were investigated using satellite and meteorological data. For this purpose, the minimum, maximum, average temperature, precipitation and evaporation of Zabol station were used in the period of 1985-2018. Furthermore, satellite products include water bodies extracted from Landsat satellite images (JRC products 1985-2020), NDVI, PDSI, Sentinel 2 and GRACE satellite data used in the period of 2000-2022. The man-Kendall and Sen’s slope tests were used for evaluating time series trends of data. AWEI index was used to calculate the water areas of Sistan region. The results show a significant decrease the minimum, maximum, average temperature, precipitation, area of permanent water bodies, GRACE and PDSI. On the other hand, the changes in NDVI showed a significant increasing trend, which is caused by the quantitative development of agricultural lands in the Sistan plain. Also, the anthropogenic activities of Afghanistan have an impact on this river entering Iran. The results of the AWEI index showed that after the full exploitation of the Kamal Khan diversion dam, the natural flow of the Hirmand River has been diverted towards Gowdzereh in such a way that the area of water flowing in Gowdzereh is more than 34000 hectares and the area of water behind the Kamal-Khan dam is equal to 2899 hectares, which confirms the diversion effect of Kamal Khan Dam.

in Sarein city, which is done using Hofstede culture model and Padma service quality model. The statistical population of this study includes all domestic tourists who entered the city of Sarein in the period of June and early July of 2018. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and out of 400 distributed questionnaires, 372 people answered the questionnaires. Structural equations and LISREL software were used for data analysis. The results show that the relationship between pleasure-seeking/self-control and perceived quality of health tourism services The globalization of healthcare has led to the emergence of a new form of tourism known as health tourism. Given the special importance of tourism and especially health tourism and the resulting economic benefits, the quality factor can be important and fundamental. Among the factors that can affect the quality of health tourism services are cultural values. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of cultural values ​​on the perceived quality of health tourism services is significant and positive. Also, a positive and significant relationship between long-term/ short-term orientation, degree of ambiguity acceptance, power distance, masculinity/ feminism and individualism/collectivism with the perceived quality of health tourism services was confirmed.

The aim of the research, which was carried out with a combination of descriptive-analytical methods, is to investigate the challenges of peasant operators and the effects of these challenges on the rural development of Zanjan province. In addition to library studies, a survey method has been used to collect the required data. The statistical population of the research is 75831 farmers located in Zanjan province, using Cochran's formula, 340 people have been estimated as a statistical sample. And to analyze the collected data, relevant tests and SPSS, AMOSE and GIS software have been used. The results of the research showed that economic challenges are the most important problems of farmers in the province, and the average number of challenges faced by farmers is 3.79, which is significantly higher than the average. The results of the analysis of variance test showed that there is a statistically significant difference among the cities of the province in terms of the challenges faced by the operators, and the cities of Soltanieh, Ijroud and Mahenshan with an average rank of 3.967, 3.864 and 3.651 have the highest and Khodabande, Abhar and Zanjan with an average rating of 3.347, 3.429 and 3.481 have the lowest number of challenges in peasant operators. Also, the overall situation of rural development with an average of 2.26 is significantly lower than the base average, and among its indicators, two key indicators of rural development, management and economy, are in a worse condition. The results of the final model of the research regarding the effects of the challenges faced by peasant operators on rural development, whose fit was finally confirmed, showed that social and environmental challenges with coefficients of -0.67 and -0.26, respectively, have the highest and lowest have had a negative effect on rural development.