مجله ارتقای ایمنی و پیشگیری از مصدومیت ها
سال دهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

With the increasing popularity and number of participants in volleyball, the extent of the injury is increasing. Due to the lack of prospects for research in the field of volleyball injuries in Iran and ways to prevent them, the purpose of this review study was to clarify the future research needs in the field of volleyball injuries in Iran.

To identify the research, databases such as SID, Magiran, Noormags, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed using the keywords “volleyball injury”, “epidemiology”, “risk factors”, “mechanism”, “prevention protocol” were used. It was articles published until 20 February 2021.

Finally, according to the research strategy, 21 articles remained eligible for the study. Among these 17 articles were mainly epidemiologic and relevant to risk factors and only 4 articles related to injury prevention strategy.

Most studies in the field of volleyball injuries in Iran were epidemiologic and relevant to risk factors. As a result, the need for more comprehensive epidemiological studies and studies conducted to investigate the mechanism of injury and especially research that provides volleyball injury prevention programs along with their evaluation felt.

 Kyphosis and forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common abnormalities in the upper extremity among adolescent students. There is no agreement on which exercise methods can be the most effective approach in the correction of these abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the 12 weeks of exercise based on the American Academy of sports medicine (NASM) approach and based on the traditional approach on the kyphosis angle and FHP in male adolescent students.

 The current study was of an experimental type with a pre-post-test design with a control group. The participants were 60 male students aged 14 to 17 years old from the 5th educational district of Tehran with kyphosis and forward head deformity, who were selected, based on the inclusion criteria, and randomly included in three groups. The age, height, and weight of the participants were (16.78 ± 0.74), (1.74 ± 4.99) and (73.16 ± 4.10), respectively. The group of the traditional exercises did the exercise based on the traditional approach and the American NASM group did exercise based on this approach for 12 weeks and three 45-minute sessions each week. Before and after intervention exercises, kyphosis and FHP were measured using flexible rulers and photogrammetry. ANCOVA and Bonferroni were used to analyze the data.

 Both groups showed significant improvement before and after the training in dependent variables (p < 0.05). The results also showed further improvement in interested variables in the training group with the approach of the NASM compared to the traditional approach group.

 Both approaches are effective in correcting these abnormalities, but corrective exercises based on the NASM are more effective in correcting these abnormalities, and it is recommended to use this approach to correct kyphosis and FHP.

Firefighting is one of the most dangerous jobs. Occupational stress is known as an effective factor in increasing the risk of mental and physical problems in the workplace. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and unsafe behavior of firefighting employees.

The present study was a descriptive-analytical type conducted in 2020 among the staff of one of the firefighters in Tehran. 62 people were selected as statistical samples using simple random sampling. In order to assess the prevalence of unsafe behavior and occupational stress, a researcher-made checklist and Health and Safety Executive (HSE) occupational stress questionnaire were used, respectively, and data analysis was performed using SPSS21 software and independent t-test and Pearson correlation tests.

The most unsafe behavior was related to not using the respiratory system in small fires. The lowest and highest levels of job stress related to the relationship between communication and demand were 8.83 and 22.58, respectively, and the total level of job stress was 107.29. No significant relationship was observed between unsafe behavior and job stress dimensions.

The average score of occupational stress was high in all the examined people. Failure to use pants and fire wear and failure to use the experiences of colleagues during fire and accident were a part of the unsafe behaviors of the fire department employees, so the management unit should adopt the necessary training and measures to correct these unsafe behaviors for the fire department employees.

The nature of machining jobs has classified it as one of the special, dangerous, and important jobs. The ability to do this job, in addition to having the necessary knowledge and skills, requires acceptable physical, physical, and mental performance of people. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the occurrence of accidents with the work ability index and respiratory performance in a power plant equipment manufacturing industry.

The present study was conducted on 142 machine workers. In order to collect data, researcher-made demographic-occupational information questionnaires and workability indexes were used. A pulmonary function test was performed with a spirometry device based on the standards of the American Thoracic Society. In order to analyze the data, SPSS21 statistical software was used.

The study samples' mean WAI was in the good category (37-44). The results of respiratory function (% FEV1 / FVC) in the workers with more than five years of experience showed that an average of 95.8% of the study population had a respiratory function of below 85%. The mean number of occupational accidents was 65.9% of the study population was reported to have equal to or less than three accidents. In the study sample, the average accident severity (days lost) was 94.5% of the population had equal to or less than nine days lost due to the accidents. The relationship between the WAI, respiratory system function, and occupational accidents was significant (p < 0.05).

The Work Ability Index in the machinery workers was within a reasonable range, and the number and severity of their occupational accidents were low. Further studies should be conducted on these indicators and respiratory function. Also, it is recommended that the workability be examined during the pre-employment process and the results are applied in the human resources management.

Apart from the economic costs associated with high accident rates, the occurrence of major work-related injuries may also have a serious impact on the internal and external credibility of the organization and its activities and services/products. It seems that the cause of an accident cannot be simply related to a specific action performed by an individual, but rather due to the interaction of different individual and organizational conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual and organizational factors on the improvement of health, safety, and environmental (HSE) behaviors of the executive staff of Tehran Municipality. The statistical population of this study was executive staff, including 137 staff and municipal services in Tehran Municipality with a number of about 1000 people.

The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the research literature. To investigate the effect of individual and organizational factors on improving employee behavior, the structural equation technique was used using Smart-Pls software.

The results showed that individual factors (attitude towards behavior, awareness, knowledge, and perceived risk) and organizational factors (management commitment, HSE atmosphere, HSE culture, and effective communication) are effective in improving the behavior of the Tehran Municipality executive staff. As a result.

It is necessary for employees to learn the steps of the behavioral safety process and its strategy, and on the other hand, the organization should provide a platform for the whole system to participate in the safety process.

 Ensuring safety in the workplace is one of the basic duties of the organizers of the work process, i.e. employers. Employers must limit and eliminate all occupational hazards and disturbances related to the work done that cause occupational accidents and diseases. Based on this, the aim of this research was to determine the causal relationships between the factors affecting the development of occupational safety and health.

 From the point of view of the goal, this research is applied development, and from the point of view of the method of doing mixed work, it is considered based on qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of this research includes all manufacturing companies in Tabriz city, and two questionnaires were used to collect data. Fuzzy DEMATEL is used.

 The findings of the research in the theme analysis section show that the components affecting the development of occupational health and safety are classified into seven main themes and 38 subthemes. Also, the residuals' root mean square values are less than 0.05. The root mean square of the estimation error is less than 0.09. The goodness of the fit index and the comparative excellence of the fit index is greater than 0.9, and the normalized chi-square is less than 3 for all the verification models, Which indicates the appropriateness of categorizing sub-themes based on the main themes and confirming the main themes. Fuzzy DEMATEL also shows that the three main components of organization and management, management measures, and the mechanism of supervision and implementation are placed in the group of cause and effect. Other main components are also included in the disabled and affected groups.

 Managers of manufacturing companies can improve and develop occupational health and safety programs in the company and reduce accidents by strengthening the components of organization and management, management measures, and monitoring and implementation mechanisms.

Fear of falling reduces the independence and dependence of the elderly and leads to negative consequences such as reduced activities of daily living (ADL), reduced physical activity, and lower quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of functional and balance exercises on the fear of falling and the quality of life of the elderly.

The current research was semi-experimental (interventional) with a pre-test and post-test design. For this research, a total of 60 elderly individuals over the age of 65 were randomly selected using codes that were pre-written by a research colleague on special sheets. The participants were divided into two groups: functional exercises (30 people) with an average age of 66, and balance exercises (30 people) with an average age of 65. Two groups performed the exercises for eight weeks, with three 1- hour sessions each week. The International Form of Fear of Falling was used to measure the fear of falling, and the Lipad Quality of Life questionnaire assessed the quality of life. Data analysis was done with SPSS software, version 23. Independent t-tests and dependent t-tests were used to determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test, between groups and within groups, respectively, at a significant level of p < 0.05.

Intra- group comparison in both groups showed a significant difference between the mean fear of falling and quality of life in the elderly in the pre-test and post-test (P = 0.001). However, in the comparison between groups in the pre-test (P = 0.884) and post-test (P = 0.566), fear of falling, and in the pre-test (P = 0.507) and post-test (P = 0.603), quality of life was not significantly different between the two groups.

According to the findings of this study, it seems that functional and balance exercises reduce the fear of falling and increase the quality of life of the elderly.