پژوهشنامه جغرافیای انتظامی
پیاپی 40 (زمستان 1401)

The location of the borders of Kurdistan province has caused these borders to face many challenges in recent years. Considering the important role of the border security in the security of the country, in this research, the vulnerable areas of the border zone of Kurdistan province have been identified against the enemy's infiltration and also the ambush by the enemy. In this research, SRTM 30-meter height digital model, 1:100,000 geological maps of the area, as well as digital information layers are used as the most important research data. The most important tools used in the research were ArcGIS and Super Decisions. According to the intended goals, this research has been done in two stages, in the first stage, the areas prone to enemy penetration have been identified, and in the second stage, the areas vulnerable to the enemy's ambush have been identified.. Also, the results of identifying areas prone to ambushes by the enemy have shown that a large part of the area has a high vulnerability potential against enemy ambushes, which mainly includes the border areas of the cities of Marivan and Baneh. The total results have shown that parts of the border strip of Kurdistan province are susceptible to enemy infiltration and ambush by the enemy, and it is necessary to identify these areas and provide the necessary solutions to reduce their vulnerability.

In urban planning, safety and security is one of the important components in determining urban uses. Safety and security is one of the most basic principles for achieving urban comfort standards. Numerous factors are involved in the process of formation and occurrence of violent behaviors. One of the most important of these spaces is defenseless. They are among the spaces that have a high chance of crime and violence due to their physical and social characteristics. In this regard, in this study, the role of defenseless urban spaces with respect to key physical, social and psychological factors in District 9 of Tehran has been investigated. The research method was descriptive-analytical in three stages of ranking cities and their distribution in terms of population factor, studying the factors affecting population distribution in urban areas and weighting areas in terms of non-defense factors and using two entropy and VIKOR techniques. The statistical population included the whole region of Tehran 9, which based on Cochran's formula, 150 people were identified as the sample population. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software and VIKOR model. Findings showed that among the research criteria, the social anomaly criterion with a weight of 0.2752 has gained the most weight, so it is more important than other criteria. Therefore, effective fields are effective in creating and strengthening the defenseless urban space in District 9 of Tehran.

Climate change during the last four decades has brought many consequences in different sectors of human security. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the security threats of climate change in Iran.

This research is qualitative in terms of approach and practical in terms of purpose, in terms of the type of descriptive-analytical method, and in the methodology of the research, the future wheel has been done using interviews. The statistical population of the research is professors and experts and the sample size is 30 people in a targeted manner.

The findings show that the consequences of climate change in six areas: fresh water systems, marine environments, terrestrial ecosystems, human settlements, agriculture and human health, are proportional in different regions of the country. Changes in conditions have led to the emergence of security threats.

The climate changes in Iran will face many challenges in the political, social, environmental and policing dimensions in the future, as the policy makers; If scientific and logical solutions are not adopted to control and deal with this phenomenon, they will be forced to use the power of security and law enforcement forces to limit protests and disturbances. Considering that in addition to natural factors, human factors such as incorrect policies in the field of environment and unprincipled use of natural resources have played a significant role in the occurrence of some problems caused by climate change. Definitely, with correct and written planning,

In recent decades, climate changes (reduction of rainfall), jump in growth of Iran's population (78 million people) and per capita consumption of renewable water, incorrect agriculture and ignoring the advantages due to the hot and dry situation of the country, incorrect management and thirst for development, have led to severe crises of drought or socio-economic drought (water bankruptcy) in Iran and as a result the harmful consequences of this disaster.The aim of the current research is to identify and zonate drought in Bushehr province during the period (2014-2014) .The findings of the research indicate that the years 2008 and 2009 were the peak years of drought, which covered all the stations of the region on a wide scale and with high intensity. In the following years, the increasing trend of drought continued. Although, in the years before 2008 and 2009, droughts occurred in the form of weak droughts in the province. The results of the research through examining the indicators of migration, divorce, etc. and their relationship with drought crises in Bushehr province during the period of 2014-2015 have shown a significant and positive relationship between all the studied parameters and the phenomenon of drought in such a way that with the increase of drought trends, A significant increase was seen in all indicators, and even in the near future, the severity of the drought crisis can lead to a hidden war (water war), which will be a very serious warning for people and managers.

Due to their constant change and dynamics, cities will always be exposed to serious risks and damages, which require appropriate methods and models to deal with and manage these accidents. In fact, cities need to reach a resilient level in their various dimensions. Resilience has been proposed in urban and regional studies to reduce urban damage. Resilient cities can provide a good starting point by deepening our understanding of the current situation and moving towards more sustainable solutions. Therefore, the current research has used twelve indicators with the aim of identifying and investigating the current state of physical resilience in the eight districts of Gorgan city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and in order to weight the research indicators, Shannon's entropy technique is used, and to evaluate and prioritize the resilience of each of the areas in terms of urban physical resilience indicators, the decision technique is used. Multi-criteria evaluation of cumulative weight production has been used. The results of the present study show that, among the 8 urban areas, area one with a priority coefficient (0.549) ranks first in terms of urban resilience indicators, area two with a priority coefficient (0.260) ranks second. The fourth region with a score of (0.250) is in the third place, the seventh region with a priority coefficient (0.207), the third region with a priority coefficient (0.238), the sixth region with a priority coefficient (0.228), the eighth region with a coefficient Priority (0.207) and District Five with a priority coefficient (0.198) are ranked f

Many people do not experience stigma simply because of one reason. They may be subjected to discrimination based on various prejudices such as sexual orientation, gender, culture and physical disability. Discrimination itself can lead to problems in the field of mental health and substance use. Therefore, the present study tried to analyze the spatial analysis of the phenomenon of stigma and the tendency to use drugs in Maysagh Park, Tehran. It is also a cross-sectional method in terms of time and quantitative data in terms of nature. Depending on the purpose of the research, the number of 30 people involved with available drugs was used by judgmental or deliberate sampling method through the questionnaire tool. In this study, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (factor analysis) were used to analyze the data, and spss software was used to analyze the data. T. As a result, the indicators of insecurity and loneliness have a greater contribution in explaining the stigma and drug addiction of these people. Also, based on the obtained results, the highest correlation of social stigma among people and their tendency to use drugs was with the new identity acceptance index. In other words, confused identity styles are more common among drug users, and the average of confused and premature identity styles of healthy people is lower than that of addicted people. Also, people with confused-avoidant identity are more inclined to use drugs and consider this way as the best solution for their decision times.