مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 200، تیر 1402)

The brachial plexus is the largest and most complex nerve network in the body, which is formed in the neck and enters the axillary cavity after passing under the clavicle. So far, many variations have been reported in the brachial network, which are clinically important. The plexus has three cords, one of which is the medial cord. The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm are the branches of the medial cord that innervate the skin of the medial surface of the arm and forearm, respectively. In this study, a rare variation was observed in the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus during the dissection of the upper limb of an approximately 80-year-old man in the Dissection Hall of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Thus, in normal condition, there is no connection between the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, and each of them innervates the skin of the medial arm and forearm separately, but in this case, these two nerves are connected. And since knowing this type of variation is very important for surgeons, more studies are needed to determine its prevalence in the population.

Pronated foot, as one of the common foot abnormalities can affect the biomechanics of the lower extremity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the scientific research related to the application of various exercise protocols on foot pronation complications, as well as to make favorable summary and provide more appropriate information from previous research. In this study, the search for articles in Persian and Latin languages in 2019-2022 was carried out on WOS, Magiran, PubMed, Springer databases, and Google Scholar. The number of 52 related articles was selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After another review on these papers, 18 articles that evaluated the effects of training protocols on body mechanics in individuals with pronated feet were selected.

It seems that performing exercise to improve balance, strengthening the quadriceps muscles, and not change the lower extremity joints angles during activity has been effective. Therefore, it is suggested that rehabilitation professionals consider reinforcement activities in the process of recovering pronated using the principles and science practice.

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between COX-2 gene expression, clinicopathological symptoms, and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

The present cross-sectional study was designed to achieve the scientific aims among patients referred to the Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from 2008 to 2018. In this study, patients' demographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, tumor findings, type of surgery, and COX-2 gene expression level (using Real Time PCR technique) were recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16), statistical tests, including Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Gamma coefficient, one-way ANOVA, or Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 0.05.

Out of 110 patients included in the study, 55 patients were evaluated according to the criteria. Among them 21 (38.2%) patients had decreased levels of gene expression, in 18 (32.7%) patients gene expression was in the normal range, and in 16 (29.1%) patients increased gene expression was seen. The average survival months of patients after surgery were 23.41 ± 23.07 months. No statistically significant relationship was found between increased COX-2 gene expression and clinical signs, age, sex, survival (by month), tumor progression, type of surgery, histological features, family history of cancer, and other cases (P> 0.05); However, considering the annual survival in the annual classification showed a significant relationship with the expression of COX-2 gene (P=0.028).

Despite no significant relationship between COX-2 gene expression and studied parameters in the patients with gastric cancer in this study, the existence of a significant relationship between gene expression and annual survival of patients seems so important.

The weight-loss drugs can induce depression. Orlistat is one of the common weight-loss drugs, but preclinical studies about its effect on mood have not been performed. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of orlistat alone and following inducing stress on mice depressive behavior.

In this fundamental-applied study, male white mice (27±2 g), in six groups having 7 animals were used. Orlistat was administered orally and imipramine (positive control) was injected intraperitonealy daily, depression was induced by the water avoidance stress (WAS) model during 14 days. The activity was evaluated by the Locomotor Activity Test, depression was assessed by measuring the immobility time during the forced swimming test (FST), food consumption in novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and the sucrose preference test.

Orlistat (25 mg/kg) did not change the locomotor activity. Stress increased the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test compared to the stress control group (98±2.2 seconds, P<0.001). The difference in immobility time between orlistat group and the control group was insignificant, the difference in immobility time between orlistat-WAS group and WAS alone group was also insignificant (P>0.05). The difference in the results of latency and food consumption during novelty suppressed feeding test in orlistat group compared to the control group and between orlistat-WAS group compared with the WAS alone group were insignificant. In orlistat-WAS group the sucrose preference increased (69/8 %). Imipramine reduced depressive behavior in mice.

Orlistat administration did not induce depressive behavior in animals and it did not augment depression when administered during WAS. Evaluating the effect of chronic orlistat administration on depressive behavior is suggested.

Complete denture is a type of dental prosthesis that is used to restore function and beauty in patients with complete edentulousness. Problems after denture delivery are common and involve the patient and the dentist, and post-delivery care is often overlooked by most students and dentists. The aim of this study was to investigate the common problems of the patients with complete dentures referred to the Prosthesis Department of Birjand Dental School and their relationship with variables such as sex, age, etc.

In this descriptive analytical study 46 patients participated, 26 patients were male and 20 were female. The patients ranged in age from 33 to 90 years. These patients had previously been treated in the ward by students with complete prosthetics. Patients were asked the questions in the questionnaire. After collecting the data, the data were entered into SPSS software version 16 and reported as a percentage of relative frequency. Then, Chi-square or Fisher test was used to examine the relationship between qualitative variables. (P≤0.05).

The results showed that 3 of the most common problems included food retention (52%), lack of retention (50%), and pain (34.8%). But in most cases, there was no significant difference was seen among gender, age, patient motivation to refer, etc.

According to the results, the most common problems after denture delivery are food retention and lack of retention, which need to be reduced to identify the etiology and their causes.

This new viral syndrome named as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO. Some laboratory parameters change in the patients with covid-19. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating laboratory parameters in the patients with COVID-19.

A cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted in the hospitals of Shahid Sadoughi of Yazd, Imam Jafar Sadegh of Meibod and Shahid Ziaei of Ardakan between April and May 2019. The study population was patients with Covid-19 with a positive PCR test, 275 people were included in the study using the available sampling method. The checklist of this study included demographic information, hospitalization information and test values (CBC, diff, ESR, AST, ALT, Cr, Urea, LDH, PT, PTT, INR). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 and the significance level was considered less than 0.05.

A significant difference was observed between the values of WBC, Lymphocyte, Neutrophil, ESR, Urea, Creatinine, LDH, AST tests in the two groups that died and recovered. Among the patients who were hospitalized in the general departments, ICU or both, a significant difference was found between the patients who recovered and those who died (P=0.000). Significantly, more number of hospitalization days and older age were observed in deceased patients (P=0.000).

In the present study, we came to the conclusion that in addition to increasing the level of WBC, neutrophil, urea, creatinine, LDH and AST in deceased patients, a decrease in lymphocytes was also observed and these results can be used in future crises of Covid-19.

Nowadays, due to the rapid development of new resin restorative materials and extensive media advertising concerning the importance and impact of a beautiful smile, there is an increased demand for the restoration of anterior teeth; thus, the beauty of smile is rendered as a major concern for patients and dentists.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 165 general dentists in Yazd City, Iran were selected by random sampling. Of these, 158 dentists completed the study questionnaire, including 5 demographic items and 38 more items in three parts: knowledge, attitude and performance. Gleaned data were analyzed with SPSS 16 using T-test, one-way ANOVA, descriptive statistics (frequency/percentage).

In this study, 39.9% of dentists were male and 60.1% were female. There was no statistically significant correlation between the scores of attitude and knowledge with gender, age, history of activity, and the university of dentists' study (P>0.05). Yet, a statistically significant correlation was observed between the average attitude scores of dentists who participated in training courses and the dentists who did not participate in training courses (P<0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, dentists had average knowledge and poor attitude regarding the aesthetic management of anterior composite restorations. However, participation in courses and workshops on aesthetic management of anterior composite restorations had a great impact on dentists' attitudes. Moreover, most dentists were not satisfied with the Dental School's training regarding anterior composite restorations.

Medical consultation plays an important role in the diagnosis and planning of dental treatment ‎and is recommended for the patients with unclear medical histories and underlying diseases.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 146 consultation letters of patients referred to Shahid Sadoughi Faculty of Dentistry, Yazd, Iran who were selected by easy sampling method, were investigated. In this study, SPSS version 16 statistical software was used to check the obtained data. Percentage, frequency, mean, variance and frequency distribution were used to describe the data, and X^2 (chi-square) and ANOVA tests were used for analysis.

The mean age of the participants in the study was 44.71 ‎‎± 15.70 with a range of age changes from 13 to 80 year. Fifty-six patients aged 20-40 years (38.4%) and 58 patient aged 60-40 years (39.7%) had the largest number. Out of 146 patients who received medical consultation, 54 were men (37%) and 92 (63%) were women. The main reasons for consulting were to evaluate the cardiovascular condition of patients (26%), neurological diseases (19.2%) and hypertension (17.1%). Moreover, the main consideration of the responding doctors was to continue the treatment process with the usual protocol (71.2%). Considering the considerable percentage of recommendations to change the usual dental protocol in patients, medical consultation seems necessary.

Considering the considerable percentage of recommendations to change the usual dental protocol in the patients, it seems that it is necessary to carry out medical consultation. As a result, the role of oral and maxillofacial disease specialist in controlling the patients with systemic problems becomes important and it is necessary to establish effective communication between doctors and dentists for better patient care.