فصلنامه دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی
پیاپی 91 (بهار 1402)

The purpose of this study was to determine the structural relationships, cluster and discriminant function analysis of hypersexual behaviors, problematic pornography use and mental health in an Iranian online sample. The research design was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included all people active in social networking sites in during 2019 year. Sample size, 408 people were selected via convenience sampling. Data collection by online survey questionnaire of Mental Health Inventory (Veit & Ware, 1983), Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (Bőthe et al., 2018), and Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (Reid et al., 2011), and data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling, cluster and discriminant function analysis. The suggested model consists of suitable fitness with the data (RMSEA = 0.05, GFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.93; χ2/df = 2.29), and all relationships except the path of psychological well-being to the problematic pornography use were significant (β = -0.07, p = 0.306). Also, the results of cluster analysis based on hypersexual behavior and problematic pornography use in two clusters (high and low psychological distress) were significant (P <0.001). Discriminant analysis results showed that hypersexual behavior and problematic pornography use had the highest power in distinguish between two groups of people with high and low psychological distress (P<0.001), and 65.9% of people were correctly detected by this function. Individuals with high psychological distress had the highest mean values in all components of hypersexual behavior and problematic pornography use (n = 61, 63.5%).

The purpose of this study was to investigate personality traits, goals and plans of young people to change their personality traits with respect to gender differences. Within the framework of a causal-descriptive design, among 18 to 25-year-old students of Yazd University 160 people using the available sampling method as a sample group in the study. To collect data, the. The big five inventory-Trait change inventory (BFI-TGI) ( Big Five Inventory-Trait change Goal Inventory) (Costa & McCrae,1992) was used online. Data were analyzed by Spss22 using t-test and chi-square test methods.data analysis showed that the mean of agreeableness trait in the whole sample group was higher than other traits. The results of t-test to compare the personality traits of men and women showed a significant difference in agreement (P = 0.001) and openness to experience (P = 0.006). Also In relation to the goals of changing personality traits, the chi-square value indicated that there is a significant difference between men and women in their goals for changing the traits of agreement (P = 0.001), openness to experience (p = 0.001) and conscience (p = 0.006). In general, it can be concluded that personality traits, while relatively stable, can be changed and the definition of change goals and planning can be effective.

The aim of this study was Effectiveness comparison of solution-focused and supportive counselling based on self-compassion effects on control of behavior and emotional, social and educational adjustment for male street children. This study was a quasi-experimental research study with experimental and control groups. The population of this study includes all street children of Mashhad street children center (2018). Samples were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (10 people each), a total of 30 people. Sinha & Singh's Adjustment Questionnaire (1993) and Youth Self Report (YSR) (1991) were used to perform pretest and posttest.  The experimental groups were trained in groups for 8 sessions, once a week and for 90 minutes in each session. The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the training groups who received solution-focused and supportive counseling based on self-compassion and the control group in the control of behavior (P>0/001). But none of the two educational methods could affect them in relation to the types of adjustment.

This study aimed to compare the effect of training pivotal response treatment principles and training Theory of mind principles on executive functions in kids with autism disorder. The method was half- experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted children with autism disorder in Lahijan city. After assessing, 45 child between 6-13 years old were chosen and then randomly divided into three groups of 15, two intervention groups and a control group.Data collection tool was BRIFF executive functions questionnaire which was completed by parents For the first intervention group, the Pivotal response treatment in 7 sessions and for the second group Theory of Mind principals were taught in 10 sessions and the control group did not receive any training.At the end of training post-test was conducted. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) analysis. The findings showed that intervention groups were significantly different in the post-test, compared to the control group in executive function. The rate of executive functions incerease after intervention and the size of this increase was higher in the theory of mind training group. The result showed that theory of mind training has great effect than PRT training on increasing self-differentiation (P<0/01). The result of LSD test shows the difference between the effectiveness of mind reading and response-oriented therapy on behavior regulation (P <0.01) and metacognition (P <0.01) in children. There is a statistically significant. The results showed that the scores of the intervention groups were significantly different from the control group in the scale of executive functions. Executive functions increased after the interventions and this increase was more in the mind reading group. Findings showed that mind reading training has a greater effect on increasing executive functions than response therapy training. The use of these two methods is recommended to therapists, psychologists and educators who work to educate children with autism.

Emotions are involved in people's shopping behavior and influence the choice of goods. This research aimed to the comparison of the percentage of medium product selection in the two groups of positive and negative affect and high and low openness to feelings in students.The research method was quasi-experimental with the reversed-treatment non-equivalent control group design. The statistical population was all undergraduate and graduate students of psychology at the University of Isfahan in all fields. A sample of 144 population members was selected as volunteers and responded to positive affect, negative affect scale (PANAS)(Watson,Clark & Tellegen, 1988), short-form, and openness to feeling scale(Forgas & Ciarrochi, 2001). Then they were induced with positive and negative moods. These subjects then chose from three goods packages (two packages with high risk and one package with medium risk). Data were analyzed by independent t-test and logit analysis. The Cronbach's alpha reliability of the tools was satisfactory. Findings indicated that the percent choice of medium goods is higher in subjects with positive affect and high openness to feel. Also, the effect of openness to feeling on the selection of goods by participants is moderate with positive and negative affect. According to findings, sellers can increase the probability of buying safety (high risk) goods in buyers by inducing positive (negative) effects and achieve their selling goals.

The aim of this study was the determination of the effect of attributional styles and cognitive errors on suicidal tendency among 15-35 years old educated youth referring to Tekab mental health centers. The research method in this study was descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population of the study was all educated young people (from diploma to master of science degree) in the range of 20 to 35 years referring to the mental health centers of Takab health network that participated in screening plan in 2020. 255 cases were selected using the Cochran's sampling volume determination formula by simple random sampling method. Data were collected by using Cognitive Error Questionnaire (2001), Seligman's documentary styles Questionnaire (1983) and Orbach Suicide scale (1981).The results of the hypotheses test by regression method showed that attributional styles and cognitive errors can explain respectively 0/163 and 0/348 from the variance of suicidal tendencies among youth referring to mental health centers in Tekab city health network (p<0/05).

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hope center parenting training on parental self-efficacy of mothers of preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study was preschool children s mothers in Isfahan in 2020, of which 30 mothers were screened through accessible sampling. Finally, 30 mothers randomly assigned to the experimental group(15 mothers) and the control group(15 mothers). The applied instruments included Instructional Hope Center Parenting Package(researcher-made) and Berkekeys Self-efficacy Questionary(second version, 2005). Participants in both groups completed Berkekeys Qelf-efficacy Questionary in three stages. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance in spss software. The results indicated the effect of the hope center parenting on the score of positive parental self-efficacy in the post-test stage and the stability of this effect was in the follow-up stage. These results suggest evidence that training of the hope center parenting to increase parental self-efficacy in mothers. This research can be useful for psychologists and counselors in the field of parenting and choosing the type of intervention to educate parents.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles on conduct disorder (CD) mediated by emotional and cognitive empathy in junior high school students. The statistical population included all male high school students in Kermanshah in the academic in 2020-2021, which was 234 students who obtained the highest scores in the pediatric symptoms questionnaire (parent form) (Gadow & Sprafkin, 2007) and They had the most symptoms of conduct disorder, were selected as a sample group based on multi-stage cluster sampling method, and participants completed the Alabama΄s parenting styles (Frick, 1991), the Baron-Cohen empathy quotient scale (Baron-Cohen & Wheelwrigh, 2004). Structural equation modeling on LISREL software was used to answer the hypotheses. The results of data analysis showed that direct and indirect path coefficients are significant in the research model (P <0.001). According to the findings of this study, efficient and inefficient parenting styles and emotional and cognitive empathy have a direct and significant effect on conduct disorder and efficient and inefficient parenting styles also have a direct and significant effect on emotional and cognitive empathy. Also, effective parenting style (positive parenting components and father participation) and inefficient parenting style (components of authority, poor supervision and corporal punishment) mediate emotional and cognitive empathy on students' conduct disorder indirectly. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that proper communication between parent and child enables the person to achieve emotional development and increases the ability to empathy and community friendly behavior in adolescents.

Suicide attempt is on the rise among adolescent girls due to negative cognitions, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RFCBT) versus Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on negative self-evaluation, and suicidal ideation among depressed girls adolescents aged 14 to 19 attempting suicide. This study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with a control group. Thirty-three depressed adolescent girls attempting suicide who were referred to the emergency department of Samen Al-Aeme and Imam Hassan Hospitals in Bojnourd from October 23, 2019 to March 5, 2020, after having the inclusion criteria, were selected with targeted sampling method, then randomly divided into three groups of rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (10 individual sessions) and control. The research tools included Depression Inventory-2 (Beck & Steer, 1993) and Suicide Probability Scale (Cull & Gill, 1989). Findings obtained from Analysis of covariance showed that both interventions had a significant effect on reducing negative self-evaluation and suicidal ideation at the time of post-test (p <0.001) and follow-up (p <0.05), and this effect was stable during the two-month follow-up period. Therefore, both interventions can reduce negative self-evaluation and suicidal ideation in different ways (decreased rumination and increased mindfulness) but without superiority, so it is recommended to use these two interventions in times of depression and in times of suicidal crisis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth mindset intervention on academic grit, academic flow and academic thriving in twelfth grade students in Minab city. The statistical population of this study is all the twelfth grade students of Minab city in 1399, 40 students were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups of 20 as a sample of the study. Both groups were subjected to pre-test, post-test and. The growing mind training program consisted of 7 two-hour sessions. The participants in the experimental group received an intervention, but the control group did not receive any intervention and only underwent pre-test, post-test and. The research instruments include the Clark Academic grit Questionnaire (2017), Yuwanto (2013) Academic flow Questionnaire, and Schreiner, Pothoven, Nelson & McIntosh (2009) Academic thriving Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance; The results showed that the growth mindset intervention has led to increased academic grit, academic flow and academic thriving in the experimental group (p < 0.05 ). Based on the results, it is suggested that a growing mind training program be taught to students.

The purpose of this study was examining the effect of self-efficacy group training on psychological well-being, and social adjustment in maladaptive adolescent boys.The research design was pre-test and post-test with control group. The sample of this study consisted of 33 maladapted male students of a cultural and educational boarding hub selected by purposeful sampling. First, the pre-test questionnaires were implemented, including the short form of Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989) and the short form of the California Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1939). Subjects were then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Then the experimental group received self-efficacy group training, but the control group not received intervention. After the intervention sessions, post-test was administered for two groups. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance. The results of analysis of covariance showed significant difference between the post-test hope scores (P<0.001); and social adjustment (P< 0.001) of the two groups of malevolent adolescent boys.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on negative affect and perceived stress in coronary heart patients. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all coronary heart patients referring to Jamaran hospital in Tehran in 2018 which were selected by purposeful sampling method. 30 of them were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of experimental (15 subjects) and control (15 subjects). Data were collected using the Denollet Negative Affect Inventory (1998) and Cohen et al. Perceived Stress Scale (1983). After the pre-test, intervention (Schema Therapy) was given to the experimental group in 10 sessions with duration of 50 minutes. At the end of group Schema Therapy program, post-test was taken from both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance test. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pretest between the means of the posttest for the experimental and the control group, there was a significant difference between the variables of perceived stress (F=17/897) and negative affect (F=16/082) at P<0/01 level. Based on the results of the present study, the application of this method can be useful in planning therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of emotionally focused Therapy in a group way on depression and social well-being of women affected by marital infidelity. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was "all women referring to counseling centers in 17th district of Tehran in2019 with problem of social well-being and depression due to infidelity".  The study sample consisted of 20 participants divided into two groups (experimental and control). Both groups completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I I) (1961), and Keys Social Welfare Questionnaire (1998). Subjects in the experimental group were then trained for ten sessions according to the Emotional Approach Protocol (Ranjbar, 1393). After training, both groups were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance through SPSS software. The findings of the study showed that the training of emotionally focused approach significantly reduced depression (p=0/000) and increased social well-being (p=0/000) of women affected by marital infidelity. Describing primary and secondary emotions and paying attention to emotions, were reasons to reduce negative emotions and overcome stressful relationships.

The aim of this study was to find the effect of Stockholm syndrome on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with mediation of coping strategies in battered women. Samples were collected from all married women within age range between 18 to 60 years and victims of domestic violence who have referred to Health Centers, Social Emergency, Public Family Court-Bench 1 and number of Psychology and Counseling Centers of Tehran Province to fill in the questionnaires. Accessible sampling method was used in this research work. The research tools consisted of: Stockholm Syndrome Scale (Graham et al. 1995), Civilian Mississippi Scale Test for PTSD (Keane et al. 1987), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler and Parker, 1990) and questionnaire of domestic violence against women (Tabrizi et al. 2012). A structural equation modeling has been used in the present research in order to analyze data. The results showed that Stockholm syndrome directly affects PTSD in battered women. The results also showed that there is a significant indirect effect between Stockholm syndrome and PTSD mediated by coping methods in battered women. Finally, findings revealed that there is an indirectly meaningful relationship between “Stockholm syndrome and PTSD” with mediation of coping mechanisms in battered women.

The purpose of this study was to model the structural relationship between academic identity and academic performance by mediating self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs in students. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of 21940 female high school students in the four education districts of Qom who were studying in the 2018-19 academic year. The sampling method in the present study is multi-stage cluster sampling. Thus, first, the four education districts of Qom were considered as four clusters, then one school was selected from each district and three classes from each school. Finally, the sample size of this research was based on Krejcie, Morgan and Kohan table and according to the size of the population, it included 378 students. In this study, the questionnaire (questionnaire of academic identity status questionnaire (Was & Isaacson, 2008) and self-regulated learning strategies questionnaire (Pintrich & Degroot, 1990), which was designed by 5 Likert method, was used) Self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs were used to collect data related to academic identity variables, and the average scores of students in the second semester were used for the academic performance variable. All statistical analyzes have been performed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach. Findings indicate a positive and significant effect of academic identity on academic performance directly. On the other hand, the effect of academic identity on academic performance indirectly and mediated by self-regulated learning strategies and motivational beliefs is also positive and significant.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the structural model of psychological well- The purpose of the present study was to determine the structural model of psychological well-being based on parental stress and rumination with the mediating role of family resilience in mothers of exceptional children. The research method was correlational and structural equation model. The statistical population of all mothers of exceptional children (blind, deaf, autistic and cerebral palsy) in Ahvaz in 1398 was 3562 people. 123 of them were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected using the Psychological Well-being Scale (Reef, 1989), Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1992), Rumination Scale (Nolen, Hoxma & Morrow, 1991), and Family Resilience Inventory (McCubbin & Thompson, 1986). Data were analyzed using path analysis of AMOS 23 software the results showed that there was an indirect relationship between parental stress and psychological well-being with the mediating role of family resilience (p 0.01), and between rumination with psychological well-being with the mediating role of family resilience (p 0.05).

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spirituality at work on job performance by mediating of organizational citizenship behavior among the employees of the technical and vocational education organization in Alborz province. The research design was descriptive-correlational. The population consisted of all employees of the General Directorate of Technical and Vocational Education of Alborz Province. A sample of 175 people was selected by single-stage cluster sampling. They completed the Spirituality Questionnaire in the Workplace (Milliman et al., 2003), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Konovsky and Organ, 1996) and Job Performance (Paterson, 1992). The collected data were analyzed by structural equation method using LISREL software. The results showed that some components of spirituality at work have an indirect effect on employees' job performance by mediating of organizational citizenship behavior (P<0.05). In addition, some components of spirituality at work directly had positive effect on job performance. Also, the organizational citizenship behavior had directly positive and significant effect on job performance (P<0.05). Thus, a person's inner sense of meaningful work, connection with others and higher meaning of moral principles are the truth, correctness, and goodness of the beliefs that coduct person to his job. Also, spirituality at work increases the sense of intimacy and empathy towards colleagues, more work conscience and discipline in the rules, and with a positive impact on performing tasks and relation with colleagues, it leads to increased efficiency and effectiveness of employees in the organization.

The aim of this study was to compare the Psychological Problems in Adolescent Girls with and without Breast Cancer Mothers. This study was a comparative research. The statistical population consisted of all adolescent girls between the ages of 13 to 18 years who referred to the oncology ward of Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz for 6 months as a companion mother with cancer and all adolescent girls between 13 to 18 years Ahvaz city without cancer mother. Using convenience sampling, 57 adolescent girls were identified for the group with the cancer parent (mean age 16/31) and 57 for the without cancer parent group (mean age 16.02). In order to collect information, NOPQ (Robichuad & Dogus, 2005), Hopelessness Scale (Beck & et al., 1974) and Pecieved Stress Scale (Chohen et al., 1983) was used. The results of analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference between negative orientation problem and hopelessness between two groups (p<0.05) that is girls with cancer mother had high Negative Orientation to Problem Questionnaire and hopeless than girls without cancer mother but in perceived stress, there was no significant difference between two groups of adolescent girls with and without cancer parents (p = 0.9). The results of this study suggest that psychological factors in adolescent girls with a parent with cancer should be addressed.

The aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in women’s suffering from personality disorders and normal women’s in Isfahan. The research method was descriptive comparative causal. The statistical population of the study includes two groups; Women with borderline personality disorders were dramatic, obsessive, dependent, and avoidant, and normal women in year 2019. In this study, purposive non-probabilistic sampling method was used, in which 60 women aged 20 to 40 years with personality disorder referred to counseling centers in Isfahan and 60 healthy individuals were purposefully selected and answered the research questionnaires. The assessment tool included a questionnaire of early traumatic schemas (Young, 1998). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance The results showed that there was a significant difference between primary traumatic schemas among women with borderline, dramatic, obsessive, dependent and avoidant personality disorders with normal women (P <0.01).Thus, people with personality disorder had higher scores than normal people in the components of cut and rejection, autonomy and dysfunction, other directionality, inhibition and excessive ringing and impaired constraints. Based on these results, it is necessary to pay attention to the psychological, social, emotional and family processes of people with personality disorder and to help their psychological health by using appropriate intervention methods such as schema therapy.

This study was carried out to purpose the effectiveness of Bowen's Family Therapy on the emotional abuse of married women in the city of Aligudarz. The research method was quasi‑experimental with a pretest–posttest and control group design.The study population included all married women visiting consultation centers in the city of Aligudarz during year 2019. The sampling method was nonrandom voluntary sampling used to select 30 participants who were then randomly divided in to experiment and control groups (15 individuals each). The research tool was the emotional abuse questionnaire (barahimi, 2008). The experiment group participated in 8 sessions of bowen's family therapy, each lasting 90 min. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) method was used to analyze the data via SPSS24. The result showed that Bowen's Family Therapy has been effective on the reducing emotional abuse women (P < 0/05). Also, Bowen's Family Therapy has been effective on the dimensions of emotional abuse women (verbal abuse, negligence, domination and social constraint) (P < 0/05). Therefore, this therapy can be used as a suitable method to reduce women's emotional abuse and solve marital problems in counseling centers.