نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 165 (خرداد و تیر 1402)

Torsion leads to the formation of free radicals and eventually apoptosis, which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of testicular damage. Recent reports have focused on the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) against free radicals. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of pentoxifylline on testicular injury due to torsion. 20 male mice (6 weeks) were divided into 4 groups. Control group (Sham torsion operation), T1 (torsion with single-dose of 100 mg/kg of pentoxifylline, T2 (torsion with 25 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks) and T/D (Torsion-Detorsion). Animals in groups T1, T2 and T/D were subjected to 720° rotation of the left testicular spermatic cord clockwise for 2 hours followed by 30 minutes of detorsion. After detour, the drug was administered intraperitoneally. The left testicles of all animals were removed on day 35 after torsion for histopathological and biochemical evaluation. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software using Tukey's test. Micromorphological analysis of testicular seminiferous tubules showed that there was a significant increase in mean tubular diameter, Johnson scores and number of germ cells in T1 group as compared to T2 and T/D (P< 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the number of Sertoli, Leydig and Myoid cells in all groups (P<0.05). Analysis of oxidative stress indices showed that pentoxifylline increased the level of SOD, catalase, mRNA expression of Akt and pi3k genes (P < 0.05) and reduced the amount of MDA and caspase-3 levels in T1 and T2 as compared with T/D (P ≤ 0.05). Pentoxifylline can be used as a supplementary drug after surgery to treat torsion. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline in this area.

Headache is the most chief complain in neurology clinics and most people experience it in their lifetime. The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence of depression and severity of headache symptoms in patients with tension headache and migraine. In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients who referred to the neurology clinic of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital with chief complain of headache were included and the neurologist diagnosed type of headache by International Health Society (IHS) criteria. Then, patient completed Beck Depression Inventory for evaluation of depression severity. Tension headache was seen in 42 patients (33.6%) and 83 patient (66.4%) diagnosed with migraine headache. The study showed that there was no significant difference between these groups (tension and migraine headache) regarding their age, smoking, degree of education, occupation and frequency of headache but there was significant difference about gender (P=0.023). Also, a significant difference was seen in type, intensity and duration of headache between the two groups (P=0.03, P=0.001, and P=0.006, respectively). This study demonstrated a high prevalence of depression among migraine headache as compared to tension headache. Intensity of migraine headache was more than tension headache in different severity of depression but also tension headache with short duration was more related to depression than migraine headache.

Accidents are one of the most important causes of death and disabilities in children. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of first aid training based on the health belief model on improving the performance of mothers with children under 6 years old at the time of an accident in Azna city.

This research was a quasi-experimental study that was conducted on 100 mothers with children under 6 years of age who referred to health centers in Azna city from 2021 till 2022. Random sampling was taken from health centers and divided into two groups of case and control (50 people each). The case group underwent four training sessions based on the health belief model, and the control group underwent routine training at health centers. The tool for collecting information through a questionnaire was reliable and valid, and after three months of follow-up, data from both groups were collected and with Chi-Square, T-Test, Man-Wheytni, Wilcoxon, and ANCOVA analysed.

There was no significant difference in the mean scores of the health belief model constructs and mothers' performance in the test and control groups before the intervention (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference after the intervention (p<0.001). In this study, the average performance score of mothers in the test group before and after the intervention was 52.3±10.08 and 69.53±11.66, respectively, which were significantly different from each other (p<0.001).

Based on the results of this study, the educational intervention based on the initial needs assessment based on the health belief model was effective in improving the performance of mothers in performing first aid during accidents and incidents in children and can be useful for designing educational programs.

One of the basic tools in changing the lifestyle is the existence of an educational program using modern teaching methods. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of multimedia education with the Leventhal model approach on the lifestyle of patients with atrial fibrillation.

In this semi-experimental study, 60 patients with atrial fibrillation were randomly divided into two intervention groups (30 people) and control (30 people) in Kashani Shahrekord Hospital in 1401. In the intervention group, in addition to the usual measures, two virtual training sessions were held through multimedia software (sound, video, image and animation) under the title of a 4-hour training workshop for patients on a coordinated time with the help of the Adobe Connect program. became In the control group, routine interventions were performed. After the workshop, the lifestyle was measured using Walker's lifestyle questionnaire. Data analysis was done using independent t, paired t and chi-square tests.

There was no statistically significant difference in the average score of lifestyle between the two intervention and control groups before the study, and the two groups were homogeneous (P=0/041). However, the average score of lifestyle in the intervention group has increased significantly after the implementation of the intervention compared to the control group (p≤0.001).

Multimedia virtual education has led to the improvement of patients' lifestyles. It is recommended to carry out educational interventions to improve lifestyle in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Menopause occurs with estrogens decline and impaired endothelial function and contributes to atherosclerotic risk. Adhesion molecules play an important role in the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was comparing the effect of aerobic exercise, Salvia officinalis and their combination on serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and endothelin-1 in postmenopausal women. In this clinical trial study, 32 menopausal women (age 51.62±4.55 years, BMI 24.07±2.89 kg/square meters) were selected and were randomly divided into four groups including placebo control (C), aerobic training (AT), Salvia officinalis (So) and training-Salvia officinalis (ATSo). Training groups participated in an aerobic exercise program for eight weeks, five sessions per week (with an intensity of 40to 80% of maximum reserve heart rate, 25-45 minutes). The groups So and ATSo were provided three 100 mg So tablets daily in the morning, noon and evening. Data were tested using dependent t-test and analysis of covariance at a significance level of p<0.05. AT and So significantly decreased ICAM-1 (P=0.022 and P=0.041), sVCAM-1 (P=0.015 and P=0.018) and ET-1 (P=0.016 and P=0.023). Also, simultaneous intervention of AT and SP had a positive effect on reducing ICAM-1 (P=0.0001), sVCAM-1 (P=0.0001) and ET-1 (P=0.0001). AT and So improve endothelial function in postmenopausal women by affecting serum levels of ICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and ET-1. Nevertheless, the effect of combination of exercise and supplementation was greater.

Disturbance in the regulation of secretion between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines can lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of concurrent training, calorie restriction and concurrent training+ calorie restriction on the levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines and insulin sensitivity in obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Thirty seven women with non-alcoholic fatty liver were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=9), calorie restriction (n=9), concurrent training (n=9) and concurrent training+ calorie restriction (n=10). Training protocol included combination of aerobic with 40-60 percent of heart rate reserve and resistance training 40-60 percent of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), eight weeks and three sessions per week. The calorie restriction groups, alleviate 400 to 500 kcal/day from total daily calorie intake. Blood samples were taken pre- and post intervention. For statistical analysis, paired samples t-test and analysis of covariance at a significant level of p<0.05 were used. Concurrent training+ calorie restriction significantly increased serum adiponectin and adipolin concentration compared to the caloric restriction and control groups (both, p<0.026) and the insulin sensitivity index compared to the control group (p=0.027). Also, there was a significant increase in serum adiponectin and adipolin concentration and insulin sensitivity index of the concurrent training group compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the calorie restriction group, only the insulin sensitivity index increased significantly compared to the pre-test (p=0.004). It seems that performing concurrent training alone and with calorie restriction is a more effective intervention in increasing anti-inflammatory adipokines and improving insulin sensitivity than calorie restriction alone.

Nutritional supplements prevent diseases by reducing appetite and obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Quinoa supplementation on Irisin serum levels, lipid profile and physical parameters of obese unexercised adult women in Ardabil city. The research method was semi-experimental and laboratory with a pre-test and post-test design. The subjects of the research were 20 inactive obese health adult women in Ardabil who were randomly selected and matching in two Quinoa supplement (n=10) and Control (n=10) groups. The supplement group consumed 25 grams of cooked quinoa three times a week for eight weeks. To measure Irisin and fat profile, 5 ml of blood was taken 24 hours before and 48 hours after the last session. Physical indices were also measured. To compare the mean of data between and within groups, before and after eight weeks of quinoa consumption, ANCOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc and paired t-test were used. Significance level of p<0.05 was considered. Serum Irisin level (P=0.0001) of the supplement group increased significantly after eight weeks of quinoa consumption compared to before eight weeks and compared to the control. Meanwhile, serum level of VLDL (P=0.0001), triglyceride (P=0.0001) and total cholesterol (P=0.0001) decreased significantly. Other indices of lipid profile and body composition did not change significantly (P<0.05). 8 weeks of Quinoa supplementation probably stimulates the secretion of Irisin and causes the reduction of VLDL, TG and TC in unexercised obese women.

The effect of exercise in reducing fat tissue and fat cell size may be related to TGF-β1 signaling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) simultaneously with high-fat diet on TGF-β1 gene expression and cell size in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of rats.

In this study, 24 adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: ND (normal diet), HFD (high fat diet), HIIT+ND and HIIT+HFT. HIIT consisted of eight bouts of intense activity at 90% of maximum running capacity (MRC) for 2.5 minutes, with active rest periods at 50% of maximum running capacity for 2.5 minutes for 10 weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, blood was taken and subcutaneous fat was removed. qRT-PCR method was used to measure TGF-β1 gene expression and the stereological method was used to determine the size of fat cells. Two-way ANOVA test with a significant level of P < 0.05 was used to analyze the data.

The interaction between HIIT and high-fat diet caused a significant decrease in TGF-β1 gene expression (F=24.99, P<0.001), but it had no significant effect on fat cell size (P=0.780, F=0.07). A positive and significant correlation was observed between TGF-β1 gene expression and fat cell size (r=0.896, P<0.001).

HIIT at the same time with consuming a high-fat diet prevents the increase of TGF-β1 in the subcutaneous fat tissue and may have a preventive effect on the increase in fat cell size.