نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال بیست و یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 164، خرداد 1402)

Suicide is among the most important indicators of the mental health of the people in a society, which is caused by several factors, and depression is one of the most critical factors related to suicide attempts. Cognitive psychotherapy is one of the effective methods for people with suicidal thoughts, which can be effective on depression symptoms. Therefore, a study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the depression of people attempting to commit suicide who were discharged from medical education centers in Urmia in 2020.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on 60 participants who tried to commit suicide and were discharged from medical centers in Urmia City, Iran, in 2020. With the convenience sampling method, 60 people were selected from the suicide attempters and then randomly and equally assigned to control and intervention groups. The short form of Beck depression questionnaire and demographic questionnaire were used to collect data before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and three months after the intervention. The training package for the intervention group was held during eight sessions of 60-90 minutes with a frequency of two sessions per week. No intervention was done for the control group. Data collected by SPSS software (22) were analyzed through Chi-square statistical test, Fisher's exact test and Repeated Measure ANOVA.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the trend of depression scores of the suicide attempters discharged from the treatment centers (P<0.001). The pairwise comparisons based on the Bonferroni test showed no statistically significant difference concerning the depression score of people attempting to commit suicide discharged from medical centers in the control group in the periods before and after the intervention (p=0.001). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the periods before, after, and three months after the intervention in the intervention group (P<0.001).

In this study, the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy was observed in the intervention group, and the symptoms of depression improved significantly. Therefore, it could be concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy may have a significant improvement in reducing suicidal thoughts and despair. In addition, this treatment can positively affect a person's behavior and improve the quality of his/her life. However, more studies are needed to measure the exact effectiveness.

Although no definitive cure has been discovered for AIDS yet, this disease can be controlled with early diagnosis and current medications Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of a web-based educational intervention according to the health belief model on HIV testing in Bushehr marriage volunteer couples.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study done on 122 couples who volunteered for marriage (61 couples in the intervention group and 61 couples in the control group) referred to the Nabi Akram Center in Bushehr. The control group received training and routine services, and the intervention group, received a web-based multimedia intervention based on Health Belief Model in addition to the above services. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of three sections of demographic knowledge, Health Belief Model constructs, and items for measuring behavior. After data collection, the analysis was performed by STATA software ver.15. The significance level of statistical tests was considered 0.05.

In the intervention group, there was a statistically significant difference between awareness and all constructs except perceived intensity before and after the intervention (P<0.001), while in the control group, no statistically significant difference was seen in any of the variables after the intervention (P>0.001). Changes in the mean scores of awareness and all constructs between the two groups during the study period had a statistically significant difference and were higher in the intervention group (P<0.001). Regarding HIV testing, there was a statistically significant difference between the two intervention and control groups after the educational intervention and HIV testing was significantly higher in the intervention group.

Web-based education, according to the health belief model, is effective and can be used to encourage young couples to test for AIDS for early diagnosis.

The cancer diagnosis affects the patients and significantly impacts the lives of family members. Family caregivers face multiple challenges that require empowerment and support from healthcare professionals. Therefore, identifying the caregiving experiences from the perspective of families is essential to empower them to cope with the disease and related problems. Due to the diverse cultures and beliefs in Eastern and Muslim societies, the caregiving experiences in these families may be different, and understanding these experiences is a vital issue due to the lack of transparency. Thus, this study aimed to explore the caregiving experiences and abilities of family members of cancer patients in Iran.

This qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews. Initially, participants were selected purposefully based on the study's objective, and then using theoretical sampling, samples that provided the most information were selected to enter the study. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

In this study, the caregiving experiences of family members in caring for a cancer patient were identified in the main categories and subcategories as follows: 1- Relief with spiritual support: "Submission to the will of God" - "Belief and reliance on spiritual beliefs.", 2- Change in perception and therapeutic thinking of family caregivers: "Hope for improvement and finding appropriate solutions" - "Changing attitudes and perspectives towards the disease based on the effectiveness of treatments and care.", and 3- Therapeutic social support: "Family and friends' support" - "Improving the quality of care for cancer patients in the family" - "Receiving feedback and motivation from the patient."

Family caregivers of cancer patients are looking for all possible solutions to gain the necessary skills and knowledge to care for the patient. Understanding the caregiving experiences of family members as informal caregivers can help plan, counsel, and evidence-based interventions, and make them stronger and more effective in facing cancer challenges. Therefore, understanding and paying attention to the experiences of these individuals can play an important role in improving the quality of care and support for the patients and their families.

Care is the core of nursing and one of the most important and basic components to achieve human survival and development. Meanwhile, measuring caring behaviors is of great importance from nurses' and patients' perspectives, since patient-centered nursing care is the main factor in patient satisfaction during the hospital stay. This study aimed to evaluate common tools used to measure caring behaviors.

In this systematic review, 1090 articles published in English and Persian in 1981-2020 from the databases of PubMed (MEDE), CINAHL, Scopus, Science direct, Web of Science, and other related databases (Google Scholar, Magiran, Scientific Information Database, Irandoc). The above literature search was conducted using the keywords of "Caring behavior," "Tool," "Scale, ""Measure," "Inventory," and "Questionnaire," as well as the operators "AND" and "OR." All searched articles were entered into the ENDNOTE software version X5 (Thomson Reuters, USA) to remove duplicate articles. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed.

Based on the keywords, 1090 articles were included in this study. Then, the abstracts were reviewed, and in several stages, duplicate and unrelated articles were removed from the study. Finally, 53 articles were selected for comprehensive review and data extraction. In these articles, 11 different tools were used to measure caring behaviors.

Proper caring behaviors can improve patients' satisfaction with nursing services. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate nurses' caring behaviors with standard and valid tools, while new and standard tools for measuring these behaviors have not been psychometrically tested in Iran, and this seems necessary.

Hope is one of the most critical components for mothers with disabled children. The present study aimed to predict life expectancy based on care burden, loneliness, and social adjustment in mothers who have children with cerebral palsy in Khorram Abad city.

This descriptive research was cross-sectional and correlational design. The study population includes all mothers with children with cerebral palsy who had a medical record in the welfare centers of Khorram Abad City in 2019. In this study, 50 mothers were selected using convenience sampling methods. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 19 software.

The results showed significant negative correlations between care burden and loneliness with life expectancy and a significant positive correlation between social adjustment and life expectancy in women who have children with cerebral palsy (P ≤0.001). The results of multiple regression showed that research variables can explain 54% of life expectancy variance.

It can be said that in the women with children with cerebral palsy, the lower the pressure of caring and the feeling of loneliness, the higher their social adaptation and life expectancy. Thus, welfare organizations should use strategies to increase the life expectancy of these women.

A better understanding of nursing students' educational needs and behavior can play an important role in preventing, investigating, educating, and providing care during the outbreak of infectious diseases such as Covid-19 and limiting the spread of these infections. The aimof this study was to examine the educational needs and behavior of nursing students in passing through the psychological comfort zone during the Covid-19 outbreak.

This research was an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. The research population was the third and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Sampling in the qualitative phase was done using the purposive method and in the quantitative phase using the census method. In order to investigate the educational needs of nursing students, a semi-structured interview was used, and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the components of the comfort zone model was used to investigate the students' behavior. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Twenty-two needs were identified as educational needs of nursing students during the covid-19 pandemic. The needs were classified into four areas: disease recognition, self-care against the transmission of infection, nursing care of patients with or suspected of covid-19, and psychological and physiological needs. The needs of the field of self-care against the transmission of infection with ten components had a higher priority, and nursing students felt a greater need for training in this field. Examining the behavior of nursing students one year after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic showed that 37.5% of students were in the panic zone, 53.7% in the learning zone, and 62.2% in the growth zone.

The Covid-19 pandemic will not be the first and the last pandemic crisis in the world. The results of the present study give this message to the managers and lecturers of nursing schools that information and skill training in such incidents, especially in the field of self-care, can be the best type of support for students so that they can take care of themselves and patients by being in the growth zone.