مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال سی‌ام شماره 2 (پیاپی 127، خرداد و تیر 1402)

Social media addiction is one of the serious problems in the recent century that numerous scales and questionnaires have been designed to measure it. Considering the strengths and weakness of each tool, it is necessary to have a reliable and valid tool which is compatible with Iranian culture. Therefore, in the present study, Sahin’s questionnaire was translated and its psychometric properties was assessed.

It is a methodological study on 12-18 years old high school students at Sepidan. The questionnaire was translated and re-translated by experts and its psychometric properties were assessed using qualitative and quantitative content and face validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, McDonald’s omega, Cronbach’s alpha and also test-re-test.

During translation and qualitative face validity, some changes were made in the scale items. The Importance Score of all items were higher than 1.5. But in content validity, the CVI of some items were low that after some revision they changed to 0.7 and higher. In assessing Content Validity Ratio of items, the item number 4 achieved a critical number less than the Lawshe table and was omitted. Therefore 28 items entered in factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis categorized the items into 4 subdomains and the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed fitness of the model.

Sahin’s social media addiction scale (2018) had a good validity and reliability in the Iranian students and it seems to be an appropriate tool for assessing social media addiction in adolescents.

Emotional intelligence (EI) is one of the most important factors that affect the education, performance and quality of interactions between different people in a society. Today, paying attention to different dimensions of EI and their proper management is an important issue in the rationale of educational management. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between EI and HRB in medical students of Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that investigated the relationship between EI and HRB among medical students of Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch in 1998-99. The statistical population of this study included 260 medical students of Urmia Azad University who were evaluated using the Gelman EI Questionnaire.
This study showed that students need intervention to control and promote EI to reduce the impact of EI on HRB (P=0.001). Also, the incidence of high-risk behavior in female students was significantly higher than male student (P=0.001).
The results of the present study showed that there is a close relationship between EI and the occurrence of risky behavior in students and in order to control EI and improve its various dimensions need positive interventions in the form of workshops and extracurricular classes for students, Professors and parents of students.

Cancer is one of the diseases that requires complex and multidisciplinary treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of positive thinking training and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in improving morale and psychosocial adaptation in breast cancer patients.
The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of this research included all breast cancer patients in the Bukan Cancer Patients Association, 45 people were selected and randomly replaced in three groups: positive thinking training, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, and the control group. The experimental groups were trained in positive thinking and cognitive therapy based on group mindfulness for 8 weeks and one 60-minute session every week.
Both treatments had a significant effect on the variables of demoralization and psycho-social adjustment in breast cancer patients. Also, the study showed that positive thinking training treatment was more effective than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in the variable of demoralization. Also, the results showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was more effective than positive thinkin training in the variable of psychosocial adjustment.
Therefore, to help breast cancer patients, psychological treatments can have positive effects so that by overcoming the existential crisis, they adopt a new cognitive and behavioral system and get out of their negative habits and thought patterns and live consciously and meaningfully. To discover the hidden meaning in the heart of suffering caused by cancer.

The curriculum of Operating Room Master of Science in Iran is novel, so it requires constant evaluation as well as quality assurance and promotion. The present study aimed to comparing the curricula of Master of Science in Operating Room in Iran and Master of Perioperative Nursing in selected Australian universities.

Necessary data was collected through an extensive search in Websites of universities of Melbourne, Adelaide and Latrobe and correspondence with them, English and Persian databases between 2000 -2020. The four-step model of George Beredy was used to assessment the curriculum.

The most important characteristics of the Australian postgraduate Curricula were lack of entrance exams, full-time and part-time education, at least two years of nursing work experience in operating rooms as a licensed practical nurse. The number of courses was more with flexibility in choosing courses. While in Iran Taking the Iranian University Entrance Exam, non-consideration of operating room work experience, and not entering the orientation or specialization in the graduate encyclopedia, Full-time education were features of the senior operating room curriculum.

Comparing Iranian and Australian educational systems revealed a significant difference in programs and Curricula offered in both countries. In order to eliminate the shortcomings and promote the field in Iran, it is recommended to the planning officials, to pay attention to the clinical work experience, to use the capacity of the selective-specialized unit and the dissertation in order to become specialized, different research methods and to offer some special courses in virtual form.

The common marmoset's performance in saccadic eye movements is similar to that of humans and macaques as a regular model in vision research, and phylogenetically, it is a primate that is intermediate in the evolution between rodents and macaques. Therefore, with high cognitive capabilities and the potential to use molecular techniques, it is a suitable option for research. In this study, the characteristics of saccadic eye movements were investigated in two species of the marmoset family.

Two common marmoset and one black-tufted marmoset were investigated after head-post implantation surgery and training in behavioral tasks to measure the characteristics of saccadic eye movements. After extracting the saccades, amplitude, velocity, duration, and inter-saccades interval were used to compare. To compare the data, the overlap of histograms and boxplots along with statistical tests were used.

In all measured characteristics, a large overlap between histograms and boxplots in the distribution of saccades data was observed between three animals. However, the statistical comparison of the data shows a significant difference between the saccade characteristics (P<0.001).

Despite the differences between species, the similarity in eye saccadic characteristics in two species of common marmoset and black-tufted marmoset indicates the possibility of using both species in vision research.

Coronaviruses are a subset of coronaviruses that range from the common cold to more severe illnesses. Symptoms of COVID19 begin a few days after becoming infected with the virus, including fever, dry cough, respiratory distress, fatigue, muscle aches, and diarrhea. Given that the virus causes severe symptoms in some patients, even without the underlying disease, it is likely to be related to the individual characteristics of the patients. Therefore, it seems necessary to study internal characteristics such as blood type, temperament or even the genes of patients.
This study was a cross-sectional study in 2020. A total of 100 people were selected from those who had respiratory symptoms and had a positive QQ 19 test. Mood questionnaire was completed for each person. 3 cc of venous blood was taken from patients to evaluate blood group.
In the study of the relationship between sex and disease severity, 42.2% of men were admitted to the ward and 38.9% of women were mostly examined on an outpatient basis, but this difference was not significant.
Compared with blood groups, O-negative blood group had the lowest and A-positive blood group had the highest prevalence. In terms of prevalence of wet and dry temperaments, 29.6% had wet temperament, 43.2% had moderate temperament and 27.2% had dry temperament. Also, in the study of cold and hot temperament, 21% had a cold temperament, 49.4% had a balanced temperament and 29.6% had a warm temperament. There was no significant relationship between cold temperament and disease severity between the three temperament groups. P = 0.21)). Also, there was no significant relationship between wet and dry temperament and disease severity between the 3 groups (P = 0.09).
According to this study, the prevalence of covid19 disease in warm chord temperaments was higher than other blood clusters. Blood group O was less common than other blood groups, which could be helpful in the prognosis of patients.

Overweight and obesity have become aserious concern for public health;
 Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a model of food craving based on family communication patterns mediated by Behavioral Emotion Regulation in overweight students in Mashhad.
This research was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this study was all women with migraine headache and all healthy women in Kermanshah province. 30 migraine headache patients referred to psychiatric and neurological clinics in Kermanshah province were selected by convenience sampling method. 30 healthy subjects were selected based on their (age, level of education and status Socioeconomics) were chosen and questionnaires anxiety associated with pain, pain self-efficacy and coping strategies responded. The collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
The results showed that the conformity orientation (β = 0.25) and behavioral emotion regulation (β = 0.29) have a direct and positive effect on food craving; Also, according to the amount of VAF statistics, it can be seen that 26/2% of the effect of dialogue orientation and 34/8% of the effect of conformity orientation on food craving can be explained through behavioral emotion regulation.
Therefore, family and emotional issues can have a significant contribution to reducing the food cravings of overweight students.

High blood pressure is known as the third cause of death in the world. millions of people are affected by this disease. The renin-angiotensin system plays a role in causing this disease. AngiotensinII receptor blockers (AT1) are effective in reducing blood pressure. AngiotensinII expression has been observed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of angiotensinII injection in the suprachiasmatic nucleus on the cardiovascular function of rats.

24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. 1- control, 2- angiotensin II, 3- angiotensinII + losartan. Group1: normal saline with a dose of 100ml, group2: angiotensinII with a dose of 100μm, and group3: angiotensin with a dose of 100μm, and after 30minutes, losartan with a dose of 100μm, and after 2minutes, angiotensin with a dose of 100μm, microinjection into the suprachiasmatic nucleus and blood pressure and heart rate was recorded.

There was no significant difference between mean arterial pressure and heart rate before and after saline injection.(P>0.05), in the angiotensin group, ∆MAP and HR∆ compared to before the injection of this dose of angiotensin(P<0.001 and P<0.05), and compared to the control group(P<0.001 and P<0.01), It increased significantly. In the losartan group, microinjection of losartan before the second injection of angiotensinII caused a significant decrease in ∆MAP compared to the first injection of angiotensinII (P<0.001), but it was not significant in HR∆.

Microinjection of angiotensinII in the suprachiasmatic nucleus increased blood pressure and heart rate through binding to AT1.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy and behavioral activation therapy on perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive patients.
It was a semi-experimental applied research in the form of pre-test and post-test with 2 experimental groups and a control group and a follow-up phase. The statistical population was all people suffering from obsessions who visited the psychotherapy clinics in Mashhad in 2019. According to Cohen's formula, 45 people were randomly selected based on the entry and exit criteria and placed in 3 groups of 15 people (2 experimental groups and one control group) and in three stages of pre-test and post-test and follow-up with Hill's Perfectionism Questionnaire (2004).) replied. The first experimental group underwent 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy by Hayes (2006) on the Internet, and the second experimental group underwent 8 sessions of group behavioral activation therapy by BA Gallen, Etlis and Marlevauconer (2003), and the control group did not receive any treatment. Results It was analyzed by SPSS software.
Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that online ACT intervention was significantly more effective than behavioral activation therapy on improving perfectionism. This result was sustained in the follow-up phase as well (p<0.05).
Internet Act therapy can be used as a method to reduce perfectionism in obsessive people more widely.

Diabetes is one of the most important health problems in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of a session of resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (REBFR) to hemodynamic and hematological changes in type 2 diabetic patients.
Fifteen patients with type 2 diabetes performed knee flexion and extension of the resistance exercise with and without BFR in two sessions with intensity of 20% and 80% 1RM, respectively. Hemodynamic and hematological changes were measured at before, immediately and 30 minutes after exercise. Repeated analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on quantitative factors.
The mean values ​​of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate values ​​in both training sessions were not significantly different (P <0.05). The results showed that there was no significant difference between WBC, RBC, HCT, Hb, MCH, MCHC, MCV and PV indices between resistance exercise sessions with and without BFR (P <0.05). According to the findings, the amount of RBC and Hb increased significantly immediately after REBFR (P <0.05), which returned to resting levels after 30 minutes of recovery.
Low-intensity REBFR due to no significant change in hemodynamic, hematological and platelet parameters can be an effective and low-cost mechanism in preventing cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and as a Non-pharmacological treatment system and alternative to high-intensity resistance exercise to prevent muscle atrophy, especially in clinical populations, especially diabetics.