نشریه محیط شناسی راهبردی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 22، بهار 1402)

Russia is a country with long-standing ties to the African continent, so that Russia's role in the Black Continent can be analyzed in terms of its geopolitical and geoeconomic considerations and the idea of Russia's "glory" derived from the tsarist empire. Russia is now trying to realize the idea of the glory of the tsars and to play the role of a great power on the African scene, given the situation, given the reluctance of the United States to intervene directly in African affairs. This article answers the question of what goals and interests Russia is pursuing in Africa and why Moscow has been active in African countries in recent years to achieve its desired interests? The authors' hypothesis is that Russia seeks to enhance its role as a major power on the African continent; In practice, however, this role is largely limited to efforts to help balance, arms and conflict resolution in African countries, educational assistance, and economic benefits. This research has a descriptive-analytical aspect and data collection has been done to do it by library method.

The general policies of the system are aimed at creating stability and order in order to move towards specific goals at the macro level and also seek to take coordinated steps by the government forces in this direction, and in this sense, it is a novel institution in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is considered Iran. According to paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 110 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, communicating the general policies of the system and monitoring its good implementation is one of the duties of leadership in the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is done after consulting with the Expediency Council accept.Therefore, by referring to the reports of competent authorities, it can be seen that the general policies of the system have not been implemented in an optimal way. Using the library method and interviews with public law experts, this research investigated the legal requirements of the implementation of these policies in government organizations in a descriptive-analytical manner, and for this purpose, the implementation of the general policy from three dimensions 1 ) implementing, 2) implementing and 3) implementing.

At the beginning of the French presidential election in 2017, Emmanuel Macron, as one of the candidates of this election, chanted the slogan of supporting an inclusive society with cultural diversity. Nevertheless, France has faced the increasing growth of "Islamophobia" with the beginning of his presidency in 2017 compared to previous years. In other words, contrary to his presidential slogans, Macron has had anti-Islamic positions and policies during his 5-year presidency (2017-2022). Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the reasons and goals of Emmanuel Macron's anti-Islamic policies during the first term of his presidency. In fact, this article seeks to answer the question "what are the goals of Macron's anti-Islamic policies?" The research hypothesis is that some factors such as deviating public opinion from domestic problems, deriving political benefits for the 2022 presidential election, taking advantages to support the anti-Islamic law approval in the parliament, and concerns about the Muslim population growth in France pushed the Macron government to adopt Islamophobic positions. The current study is carried out with a descriptive and analytical method, and information is collected under library and documentary research method, containing books, specialized articles, and the Internet.

One of the reasons for the water crisis in a country can be the reduction of the water supply of this country from a common water source between the two countries. When the upstream country does not fulfill its obligations regarding allocating the water rights of the downstream country and by changing the river course or creating extensive water dams in the river course, it limits the water resources of the downstream country, this issue can make the country that is especially in dry areas or The semi-arid part of the world is placed, facing serious risks, and creating a water crisis, which is known as a geopolitical crisis. This project has greatly reduced the water of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and also the area covered by them in Iraq, and accordingly, the dust centers in this country that correspond to the areas covered by these rivers are active, and it has led to the aggravation of the micro dust crisis in Iraq and has also affected I.R.Iran.This research has been conducted with a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the water crisis in the country downstream of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, caused by the implementation of the "GAP" project in Turkey and its effect on the activation of dust centers in Iraq. It has investigated the influence of Iran, also in this research; the in-depth interview method has been used to take advantage of the opinions of elites.

Social Capital is concerned by sociologists as a concept to make Correlation between people and Okhovat (brotherhood) is an outstanding criterion to achieving sustainable Correlation. Prophet's behavior in making Okhovat between Mohajerin and Ansar in the viewpoint of Social Capital is a practical pattern; The purpose of this research, which is written with a descriptive-analytical method is firstly to express the relationship between the brotherhood of faith and social capital, and secondly prove the advantages of brotherhood criteria faith to achieve sustainable social capital and finally providing security in compare of standards of Western societies criteria in achieving social capital. The subject is formed from religious dimension and western sociology dimension therefore applied sources should contain mentioned dimensions. Collected Discussions are set in four parts: in the first part the author mention that Social Capital binds society together and Okhovat is applied as a trusted solution to achieve the society that omitted any differences of class and manifestations and Islamic Ommah' which is the product of successful implementation of Okhovat and look at Prophet's behavior as an appropriated pattern. In the second part, describe the history and definitions of Social Capital and Okhovat and their criteria and axioms. In the third part the Prophet's behavior is analyzed and Okhovat application in Subjective and objective dimensions is explained.  In the fourth part the researcher discusses the relationship between Social Capital and Okhovat and stresses that Okhovat is an exact mechanism and better criterion to improve social capital. Finally the conclusion is that Okhovat is a cause of remaining Islamic society.

The purpose of this article is to examine the role of the strategic navy of Aja in supporting the foreign policies of Aja during 2011 to 2021. Also, the foreign policy of I.R.I was explained and then adapted to the activities of this force in the sea and on the coast in the period of during 2011 to 2021 and especially after the strategicization. In this research, the role of the AJA strategic navy in supporting the foreign policies of the AJA by considering variables such as the presence of fleets in open and international waters, the presence in the ports of friendly countries, the presence of the naval fleets of friendly countries in The waters of I.R.I, the holding of exercises, the provision of shipping security, rescue and relief operations, and the trips of NDAJA officials to other countries and vice versa were examined. The results of the analysis of the research questions showed that the activities of Nedaja in the sea with a total of 88.42% and the activities of Nedaja in the beach with a total of 82.95% were confirmed based on the hypothes of the research and as a result of the research, the performance of Nedaja in the sea and on the beach in the during 2011 to 2021 Support for the foreign policies of the Republic of Iran was confirmed.