نشریه علوم و فنون مدیریت اطلاعات
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 31، تابستان 1402)

The present study aims to study time management in updating information, and professional planning of knowledge and information science specialists in public libraries of Kerman province.
This survey research is an applied study. The statistical population includes all the employees of public libraries in Kerman province, numbering 82 people. The sample size was selected as 68 people based on Morgan's table and the stratified random sampling method. The study population was determined by the city, where from each, and based on the population the sample was selected. Two researcher-made questionnaires including time management and updating information were used to collect data. The time management questionnaire included 40 questions about the methods of monitoring and controlling time in performing professional activities. The updating information questionnaire was also designed including 15 questions regarding the up-to-date use of information sources, websites, media, databases, and access to specialized information. The face validity method was used to calculate the validity of the measurement tool. The reliability of the questionnaires was also evaluated using Cronbach's alpha test. The coefficients for time management and information updating questionnaires were determined as 0.845 and 0.948, respectively, which indicates the high reliability of the measurement tool. Data analysis has been carried out by SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used, including mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics including Pearson-Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate regression model.
The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the Pearson and Spearman tests between the two variables of time management and updating information are 0.412 and 0.318, respectively. As a result, there is a direct and meaningful relationship between staff time management and information updating in public libraries of Kerman province. Considering that the value of R2adj (adjusted R2) is equal to 0.174, therefore, the variance score confirms the updating of the information. Based on this, there is a significant linear relationship between goal setting, prioritization of goals and activities, operation planning, delegation of authority, management of communication and management of staff meetings, and updating of information. The multiple correlation coefficient is r=0.498, which shows the relationship between goal setting, prioritization of goals and activities, operation planning, delegation of authority, communication management and staff meeting management, and updating information. Considering that the significance level is equal to 0.006 and smaller than the α=0.05 level, therefore, this relationship is significant. Considering that the value of R2adj (adjusted R2) is equal to 0.174, then the variance score confirms the updating of the information.
The results showed that there is a direct relationship between employee time management and updating information in public libraries of Kerman province. The greater the ability of employees in time management, the greater their ability to update information and increase the quality of specialized work. In addition, there is a close relationship between planning operations by employees and updating information; That is, the more the employees plan operationally and objectively to deal with matters, the better they can update their information in specialized and general fields. Strong organization including delegation of authority and a suitable work environment is very important for managers to have effective time management and it is appropriate for managers to focus on beneficial activities. Therefore, it is suggested that library staff prioritize their goals according to their importance; allocate a specific time to plan and update their information; prepare short-term and long-term career goals; grade organizational goals; hold meetings at the right time; specify the start and finish of the work; specify the method of doing the work and have a specialized study program.

The content analysis of the scientific papers can indicate the path of development and thematic orientations in any field. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the subjecttrends of the field of knowledge and information science in Iranian journals based on the LDA model.
The current research is descriptive and exploratory; since text-mining techniques were used to identify hidden topics and topic trends in the field of knowledge and information science based on the LDA algorithm. The statistical population of the current research includes abstracts and keywords of papers published in 11 scientific journals approved by the Iran Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in the field of knowledge and information science during 2015-2019, which includes 1581 papers. The validity of the LDA method has been confirmed in previous studies and the reliability of the extracted data was confirmed by the inter-rater reliability method.
The findings showed that, in general, the subjects of citation analysis, library, and web were the interest subjects of researchers in the field of knowledge and information science, respectively, in the first to third place. During 2015 - 2019, the subjects of "Organizational Culture", "Social Networks", "Information Literacy", "Knowledge Management" and "Instagram" were the main subjects of the field of knowledge and information science. Another finding of the research showed that in different journals, different and sometimes common topics have been of interest to researchers in the field of knowledge and information science. Knowledge management and similar and related topics such as knowledge sharing are more important in the two journals of "The Journal of Studies in Library and Information Science" and "The Iranian Journal of Information Processing & Management". Also in most journals "Librarians" and "Users" have been among the main subjects studied.
Data mining techniques can be a suitable tool to facilitate and speed up the formulation of thematic processes in a field. In order to keep up with the journals of the field worldwide, it is necessary that the topics related to technology be considered in more journals. Also, journal editors should try to publish papers based on the policy and thematic areas overtime.

The digital age provides technologies that help all aspects of human life, and today almost all human work activities depend on e-mail, internet, computer, etc. Therefore, the development of digital technology has a significant impact on changes in economic activities in the world. At present, there are companies capable of stability and development that choose a more suitable business model from competitors according to the continuous evaluation of market needs and technological necessities. The current research aims to develop an electronic business model in the information technology industry in Iran based on the ontology of Osterwalder and Pignier. This research was conducted with an exploratory approach using qualitative content analysis including open, selective, and central coding. The statistical sample is all managers, technical officials, and supporters of websites active in the field of information technology in Iran, among them 12 were selected and interviewed. The sampling method was done by snowball method until reaching theoretical saturation. After data analysis, the e-business model of Iran's information technology industry was compiled, which includes 9 different blocks with dimensions of customers, communicating with customers, channels, value propositions, key activities, key resources, key partners, revenue streams, and cost structure. The expansion of electronic businesses in the shadow of the digital economy has made choosing an electronic business model a strategic necessity. The accurate design of the electronic business model will increase the effectiveness of the companies active in the information technology industry according to the continuous evaluation of the market needs and technological necessities.

The roots of most shortcomings and problems related to problem-finding, topic selection, and part of the damage of studies in knowledge and information science can be caused by the uncertainty of the basic issues and challenges of this field, and the lack of attention to current and future study needs and fields. This makes obvious the necessity of studying and researching issues and future research needs in this field. In this regard, the current research aims to identify the issues and challenges ahead and future study areas in the field of knowledge and information science from experts' viewpoints.

The approach of the current research is qualitative in terms of the type of data. An electronic interview based on an open-response questionnaire was used to collect data. The studied population included Ph.D. students and graduates, and faculty members of public and private universities affiliated with research institutes in this field in Iran. In order to determine the sample size, the purposeful sampling method was used. The criteria for selecting the samples were willingness to participate in research and having at least 5 years of service experience in educational and research centers related to the field of knowledge and information science. According to the final purpose regarding the study of issues and leading subject areas, it was checked that the people participating in this research have, as much as possible, the research backgrounds related to the study of issues, research areas of knowledge and information science, needs, and problems. At the end of the questionnaire, by using the snowball sampling method, the aforementioned people were requested to introduce other people with experiences and views on the issues, challenges, and subjects of the field, to participate in the study. Until theoretical saturation and reaching repetitive information, sampling was continued. Finally, the opinions of 22 experts in knowledge and information science were used. The interpretive analysis method was used to analyze qualitative data and identify components. Data management and coding were done using MaxQda 2020 software. To ensure the reliability of the results, the retest reliability method (coding stability index) was used, and its value was 83%.

The analysis of transcripts of interviews led to the identification of 54 problems in this field. According to these findings, many of the challenges identified in the current research are not only specific to knowledge and information science, and some of them are also relevant in other fields, especially humanities and social sciences.The origin of some of these problems goes back to environmental conditions including social, cultural, economic, technological, etc. factors, and in general, to the policies and conditions governing the society, and some others are affected by the conditions governing the field itself. Among the identified issues and challenges, experts in knowledge and information science put special emphasis on issues related to education and the higher education system. Most of the problems raised by them were related to the state of the scientific outputs of this field. In addition, considering the rapid process of changes today and their continuation in the future, one of the most important concerns of specialists in this field is the ability to accompany and adapt to the process of comprehensive changes and manage them in order to achieve their goals and missions. The subject areas of the future were categorized by the specialists of this field in 10 main areas including education, research and science production, user studies, information organization, information retrieval, virtual libraries, knowledge management, information services, librarians and information specialists, and theoretical and philosophical foundations. According to the results regarding future issues and subject areas in the field of knowledge and information science, it can be acknowledged that, in general, the focus of future studies will be on 6 main axes: Issues related to users and their interaction with information and information systems; Topics related to information science and content management in cyberspace, including big data organization and digital content recovery; Training graduates and information specialists for effective employment in the changing work environments of the future and preparation for entrepreneurship and self-employment; Evaluation and development of science and research; Developing the relationship between information science and epistemology with other related fields including computer science, information technology, artificial intelligence, management; Futuristic studies and the use of their achievements in order to improve and keep pace with future developments; Digitization and virtualization of libraries and information centers, services and activities related to knowledge and information science.

On the one hand, these results can help policymakers and scientific, educational, and research planners in allocating financial resources to basic issues and topics, and on the other hand, they can be a guide for researchers in problem-finding and choosing practical and problem-oriented topics. These results can also provide a basis for the supervisors of this field to pay attention to the upcoming issues and challenges and plan to smooth them out.

This research aims to investigate the changes that have taken place in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, particularly in the field of quality 4.0, at a global level and within organizations. The researchers seek to explore the impact of intelligent technologies on society and products, as well as how advanced and developing countries have moved towards digitalization. Various specific topics related to Industry 4.0 and Quality 4.0 have received special attention in this study. Additionally, the research aims to examine the collaboration between countries in different areas and how researchers and industry professionals in developed countries have utilized intelligent technologies to enhance their capabilities.

Scientometrics and data analysis methods were employed in this research to achieve the research objectives and answer the research questions. Data, including articles, books, dissertations, conference papers, and more, were extracted from the Web of Science database, specifically focusing on the years 2012 to 2020, in the fields of industry 4.0, intelligent technologies, quality 4.0, and related concepts. A total of 4,926 studies were included. The Space software was used for data analysis, where nodes represent author names, journals, countries, keywords, etc., and the links indicate citations or correlations between nodes. The desired outputs were presented in the form of figures and tables.

Although countries like Germany and the United States were among the first to pursue digitalization and the use of intelligent technologies in their production systems and all sectors of their countries, many developing countries, such as India, have increasingly embraced these technologies. It is expected that these countries will achieve significant technological advancements in the near future. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that researchers have focused more on the use of intelligent technologies to reduce environmental pollution by minimizing the use of natural resources. This demonstrates the global attention given to environmental issues. The findings also indicate a trend towards intelligent production and the necessity of automated quality control using robots. Such advancements should be widely implemented within organizations, leading to smart quality or quality 4.0.

Based on the results of this research, it is evident that the Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought significant changes to technologies in general, transforming production and service processes through technologies such as cyber-physical systems, 3D printing, blockchain, and big data. In recent years, many organizations in both developing and developed countries have sought to implement quality 4.0 concepts in various areas such as leadership, culture, and strategy development, utilizing intelligent technologies for smart quality control within their organizations. Therefore, future research in the fields of industry 4.0 and quality 4.0 may consider topics such as digital leadership, digital culture, digital organizational structure, and more.

The importance of smartening in industrial business processes has increased significantly in recent years. On the other hand, the importance of knowledge as a competitive advantage continues growing. The purpose of this article is to identify the essential components affecting the intelligent extraction of knowledge in organizations.
This Meta-synthesis study was performed by Sandelowski & Barroso seven-step method. 280 research articles were retrieved from the database, of which 32 articles were used for research purposes. Each selected research paper reported one or more components that were analyzed separately.
48 codes were classified into 6 main topics ("Individual factors", "Education and learning", "Technology and intelligent technology factors", "Knowledge", "Dynamics and agility", "Organizational factors"). The results show that "empowering people in business" is one ofthe most important components of knowledge acquisition, the strengthening of which can leadto intelligent knowledge extraction. By empowering employees and studying the way theythink and work in the organization, intelligent models for performing tasks can be defined, andthis can lead to the extraction of useful knowledge. In other words, the greater the ability of employees, the study of human behavior in the workplace leads to the discovery of stronger intelligent patterns.
There is no organized study on the components affecting intelligent extraction of knowledge, and this is the first study in this field to classify topics into an organized framework for intelligent extraction of knowledge and find appropriate solutions for businesses.

Digital readiness is a tool for evaluating an organization’s up-to-date status based on its goals. It serves as a structural tool for business management and acts as a reference framework for digital transformation objectives. The first step to determining the model and measuring an organization’s digital readiness is to identify the criteria specific to the structure and culture governing that organization.

This research employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative part, a background review identified the primary criteria influencing digital readiness, which were then screened by experts using the fuzzy Delphi method. In the quantitative part, a survey of expert opinions and fuzzy hierarchical methods, fuzzy DIMATEL, and maturity level revealed existing relationships between the criteria and influential factors. The criteria’s weight, the degree of effectiveness of the criteria in presenting the model, and the digital readiness level of the university were assessed. The research population consisted of 12 managers and senior experts with experience and knowledge in the information technology department of Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin.

The results revealed that 15 criteria, grouped into five main factors, impact the organization’s digital readiness at Imam Khomeini International University. These criteria were ranked using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method, resulting in a digital readiness model for the university. The level of digital readiness was then determined.

The criterion of top-management support for digitization projects carries the most significant weight. A comprehensive cause-and-effect model was drawn using Fuzzy DIMATEL. The managerial readiness standard at Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin is in good condition; however, the technical infrastructure readiness is not satisfactory.

Collecting data from users using conventional traditional methods, in order to achieve a specific purpose, is often expensive, time-consuming, and accompanied by disadvantages affecting the research results, the aim of the current research is to provide a model based on gamification in order to obtain the way of thinking of people through a case study of internet taxi applications in Iran (Snapp, Tapsi, and Carpino).

Research is applied in terms of aim and descriptive in terms of nature. Data collection was done by a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed based on expert opinion and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population was all the users of the mentioned applications and members of Telegram, which was 180 people as a statistical sample.

Comparing the results to determine the popularity of brands in the two methods was almost the same, in addition, the cost and time of using the proposed method was significantly less and the percentage of audience participation was higher.

By presenting the proposed framework, the limitations of common data collection methods were removed and more accurate and higher quality data were used to understand people's thinking, it is also possible to use this method for all researchers.

This research aims to provide a model of factors affecting the use of databases among academic users. Identifying the factors that lead to the acceptance and use of databases by academic users will help managers and decision-makers of academic libraries when selecting databases.
The current research is a descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of graduate students using databases in different fields of Yazd University. The study sample based on Cochran's formula consisted of 319 graduate students of Yazd University. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and its validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, principal component extraction method, and varimax rotation. Structural equation modeling methods and path analysis and AMOS 24 and SPSS26 were used to test the hypotheses.
The results showed that the amount of benefit that a person believes to achieve by using a database in his job performance has a positive effect on the use of databases. The findings also showed that the attitude factor formed in university users with a total effect (of 0.255) has a direct effect on their decision to use databases. Considering that attitude is an internal state, which creates readiness for action, it is concluded that the attitude formed in users, towards the decision to use databases, is a factor for accepting databases. In other words, the results and consequences that users evaluate positively when using the databases increase their desire to use them. In other words, the factors of usefulness and attitude have a significant and positive relationship with the use of databases by university users by obtaining coefficients (0.420 and 0.255), respectively. The variables of usefulness of use (β=0.516) and ease of use (β=0.202) had the highest and lowest impact on the acceptance of databases, respectively.
In order to select the appropriate databases in universities, factors such as efficiency, ease of use, and users' attitude towards that database should be considered. Paying attention to these factors is effective in promoting the improvement of the productivity of databases and increasing their cost-effectiveness in university libraries.

Universities and higher education institutions have moved towards diversifying their sources of income due to declining government budgets, economic pressures, intense competition, declining demand for graduate education, and international financial crises. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify the most important drivers of the future of universities' revenue sources.

The present study is applied in terms of orientation and its methodology is quantitative multiple. The theoretical population of the research is the planning and programming managers of the major universities in the country and experts in the field of education financing. The sampling method was judgmental according to the skill of experts in the field of higher education financing. The sample size in this study was 10 people. Research drivers were obtained through a literature review and interviews with experts. Then, two questionnaires of expert evaluation and effectiveness evaluation were used to screen and analyze the effectiveness of the drivers. These questionnaires were analyzed by two techniques of fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy Dematel.

25 drivers were obtained through a literature review and interviews with experts. Among the factors of the study, 10 drivers had a defuzzy value greater than 0.6 and were selected for final analysis. The effectiveness of the remaining drivers was evaluated with fuzzy Dematel. According to the net effect index, the drivers of sanctions and external restrictions, the economic conditions of the society, the nature of the relationship between universities and industries and businesses in the society, and the policies of the Ministry of Science regarding student admission had the most impact.

The practical suggestions of the research were presented according to the most effective drivers. In this regard, suggestions such as the resilience of universities, attention of universities to the production of wealth in society, directing graduate theses and research towards problem-oriented and attracting students based on the needs of industry and market, land use planning, and local requirements were presented.

The triple helix model measures the interactions between university, industry, and government and is used by researchers as a normative framework to understand the interactions between the main actors in innovation systems. The main goal of the current research is to analyze the dynamics of organizational interactions in the production of scientific articles in the field of electrical and electronic engineering in Iran. Therefore, this research tries to quantitatively assess the status of inter-organizational cooperation in scientific articles in the field of electrical and electronic engineering in Iran with the approach of the triple helix model.
The current research is of an applied type, which was conducted using the Triple Helix Model and based on the T(UIG) indicator for University-Industry-Government interactions. The statistical population of the research includes 19,802 scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science database, from Iran in the field of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, during 2010-2019. TH software was used to convert data that was extracted from the Web of Science database into Excel format and to calculate the uncertainty of the interactions of the elements. In order to make a proper analysis in this regard, first, based on the usual and common research process of this field, the university was considered with code U, the industry with code I, and the government with code G.
The findings of the research showed that the number of articles has grown in the studied period and reached 3216 articles in 2019 from 1019 articles in 2010. The findings show that the production of articles in all three pillars has an upward growth and the growth rate of articles from 2010 to 2019 is 0.63 for university, 2.5 for industry and 1.8 for government; On the other hand, the highest level of cooperation between the university and the industry has taken place, and the lowest level of cooperation has been between the government and the industry. The findings showed that the highest level of university-government interactions was in 2010 and the lowest level of government-industry interactions, which was close to zero in most years, indicating the independence and lack of connection between the mentioned elements. One of the remarkable results is that in the years 2010-2019, the interaction between the university and the industry was in contrast with the dual interaction between the university and the government. University-industry interaction has been aligned with industry-government interaction during the years under review. In 2014, the interaction between the dual and triple pillars was zero, while the university-industry interaction reached its highest level this year. Also, in 2014, the highest level of interaction between university-industry dual pillars has taken place, and the opposite is true for tripartite relationships, and in 2010, the highest degree of triple interaction between university-industry-government pillars is observed. Based on the values of T index, the highest amount of double and triple interactions between university-government, university-industry-government, university-industry, and industry-government have been seen, respectively. In 2014, the interaction of the dual and triple pillars was close to zero, but this year, the interaction between the university and the industry has increased a lot, which indicates that the government does not invest in the industry, and in other words, wherever the role of the government becomes weaker, The role of industry is more prominent.
The findings showed that the number of articles has grown in the studied period, reaching 3216 articles in 2019 from 1019 articles in 2010. The results also show that the production of articles in all three pillars has an upward growth which the growth rate of articles from 2010 to 2019 is 0.63 for universities, 2.5 for industry, and 1.8 for government; On the other hand, the highest level of cooperation between the university and the industry has taken place, and the lowest level of cooperation has been between the government and the industry. The findings showed that the highest level of university-government interactions was in 2010, and the lowest level of government-industry interactions was close to zero in most years, indicating the independence and lack of connection between the mentioned elements. One of the remarkable results is that in the years 2010-2019, the interaction between the university and the industry was in contrast with the dual interaction between the university and the government. University-industry interaction has been aligned with industry-government interaction during the years under review. In 2014, the interaction between the dual and triple pillars was zero, while the university-industry interaction reached its highest level this year. Also, in 2014, the highest level of interaction between university-industry dual pillars has been taken place, and the opposite is true for tripartite relationships. In 2010, the highest degree of triple interaction between university-industry-government pillars is observed. Based on the values of the T index, the highest amount of double and triple interactions between university-government, university-industry-government, university-industry, and industry-government have been seen, respectively. In 2014, the interaction of the dual and triple pillars was close to zero, but this year, the interaction between the university and the industry has increased a lot, which indicates that the government does not invest in the industry, and in other words, wherever the role of the government becomes weaker, The role of industry is more prominent.

Applying knowledge management in organizations and its development according to its ever-increasing developments is one of the factors influencing the organization's performance which as a requirement leads to improving organizational learning, growth, and customer performance. Furthermore, the formulation of knowledge management strategy and personal knowledge management strategy are among the factors influencing the evolution of knowledge management. In this regard, the current research aims to investigate the impact of knowledge management developments and organizational adaptation on the three dimensions of the internal performance process, customer performance, and learning and growth.

The present applied research is a descriptive survey. The statistical population included all employees and experts of Bank Mellat branches in Qom province. After conducting the pre-test and confirming the validity and reliability and determining the variance deviation of the initial sample, the statistical sample was obtained according to Cochran's formula as 101 people who responded to the questionnaires in a non-probabilistic manner. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. After collecting the questionnaires, the structural equation model was used to analyze the data, which is a complete structural equation model combining path diagram and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's reliability coefficient in this study was higher than 0.7 for all variables, which is higher than the minimum standard value. Therefore, the measurements have high reliability. Also, Bagozzi and Yi standards above 0.6 have been reported for composite reliability (CR). All (CR) values of the variables are more than 0.6, therefore, the measurement model has a suitable composite reliability. To check the convergent validity in the PLS model, the average variance extracted (AVE) was analyzed and all the AVE values related to the constructs showed a value of more than 0.4, which means it is an acceptable limit for the convergent validity of the questionnaire. In this research, structural equation modeling and partial least squares method were used to test hypotheses and fit the model.

The results showed that the impact of knowledge management changes on the process of internal performance, customer performance, and learning and growth were confirmed with t-value of 6.56, 4.97, and 6.92 respectively. But the effect of organizational compatibility on internal performance process, customer performance, and learning and growth were rejected witht-value of 0.199, 0.819, and 0.531 respectively. The effect of personal knowledge management strategy on knowledge management developments was confirmed with a t-value of 4.74, but the effect of developing knowledge management strategy on knowledge management developments was rejected with a t-value of 1.69.

According to the findings, knowledge management developments have a positive and significant impact on the internal performance process, customer performance, and learning and growth. Therefore, paying attention to the developments of knowledge management helps organizations improve their internal performance process and learning and growth of organization members and enhance customer performance. Also, by adopting a personal knowledge management strategy, organizations can be more successful in influencing knowledge management developments. Therefore, it can be said that knowledge management capabilities and the organization's ability to effectively manage knowledge, which has evolved in the shadow of knowledge management developments, provide employees with a standard basis for achieving interaction. Its effectiveness in creating value for the organization emerges through the impact of knowledge processes on the internal performance process of the organization. Furthermore, the evolution of knowledge management will lead to learning and organizational growth as the most critical tool for the evolution of knowledge management, which is a process of continuous creativity through the creation of new knowledge, and if customer relationship management is integrated with knowledge management (as a necessary strategy for complex environments, dynamic) can improve business processes and increase customer satisfaction, profitability, and customer loyalty. Considering the confirmation of the impact of knowledge management developments on the internal performance process, it is suggested that by using the developments that have been created in the field of knowledge management, by simplifying the bank's internal processes, increasing the quality of the bank's services and creating innovation in service delivery, they can improve the performance process. be effective internally. Moreover, considering the confirmation of the impact of knowledge management changes on learning and growth, it is suggested that managers, by providing suitable conditions, using knowledge management capabilities and the changes that have occurred in this field, should focus on organizational learning and growth and lead to the improvement of skills, and employee satisfaction, as well as lead to the improvement of services provided to customers and customer satisfaction. According to the results of this research, it seems that the organizations that perform their activities based on knowledge management and engage in continuous organizational learning will be in sync with the developments in the field of knowledge management and will ultimately have higher efficiency, effectiveness, productivity, and service quality. Considering the confirmation of the impact of knowledge management changes on the performance of customers, it is suggested that organizations, especially financial organizations, improve business processes through the integration of customer relationship management and knowledge management and increase the level of customer satisfaction, profitability, and customer loyalty.

This research aims to analyze the effect of strategic management and knowledge management of human resources with the mediating role of social media.
In terms of the purpose, the current research is of the type of applied research, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is of the descriptive-survey type of research, and since the researchers seek to determine the relationship between the variables of the research, this research is of the type of correlational research. The statistical population of the research included all 200 employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Kermanshah Province among which 127 people were selected as a statistical sample by random sampling and based on Morgan's table. The data collection tool was Taleghani et al.'s Strategic Human Resource Management Questionnaire (2015), Hemmati's Human Resource Knowledge Management Questionnaire (2016), and Karimi's Social Media Questionnaire (2016). The validity (convergent and divergent) and reliability (factor loading, composite reliability coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient) of the measurement model indicated that the model has good validity and reliability. Data analysis was done on two descriptive and inferential levels, which was implemented through Smart PLS software.
Based on the results of the research hypotheses, strategic management has a direct and significant effect on social media; and strategic management has a direct and indirect significant effect on the knowledge management of human resources, also social media has a direct and significant effect on the knowledge management of human resources, while the mediating role of social media in the influence of strategic management on knowledge management of human resources was also confirmed.
The results showed that the application of strategic management in the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of the province can pave the way for the development of knowledge management among human resources that the use of multiple and strategic planning by officials can pave the way well. This should be done. Meanwhile, using new technologies such as social media is very effective in informing and raising the level of knowledge in various general and specialized sectors.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, libraries around the world were faced with difficult choices in how to offer and provide services, from minimal restrictions to complete closure. The spread of the Covid-19 disease, the closure of the National Library, and the lack of face-to-face services made the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) expand its virtual reference services compared to before and try to improve its activities in this area. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the questions received through the virtual reference portal of NLAI. Therefore, the questions raised from this virtual reference portal during the two years of 2018 and 2019 and the level of satisfaction of users with this service were examined.
To conduct this research, the content analysis of the questions and the quantitative analysis of the transactions were done. The duration of each transaction, the subject of the questions raised, and the level of user satisfaction with the virtual reference portal of the NLAI were evaluated. For this purpose, the transactions carried out through the virtual reference portal of NLAI included 3098 transactions extracted in 2019. In order to analyze the content of each conversation and answer the basic questions of the research, sampling was done using Morgan's table and 341 cases were selected. Since more than one question was asked in some transactions, 1931 questions were examined.
The findings showed that the number of questions received through the simultaneous dialogue portal of the virtual reference has increased significantly during the epidemic due to the increase in the service delivery hours. 47.8% of the content of the questions asked was related to library services, 28.35% related to how to access resources, 8.02% related to research questions and searching for a specific topic, 8.07% related to searching in the national bibliography of Iran and finally 7.76% related to access to databases. It was informative. The satisfaction level of 90.4% of users of the simultaneous chat service is described as "excellent". The 6-fold increase in the use of the simultaneous chat portal shows that users welcome the increase in the hours of this virtual reference portal. The amount of simultaneous conversations has increased from 508 in 2018 to 3098 in 2019. On average, 5 questions are asked in each transaction. The most users of the simultaneous conversation service are in the humanities department and the least are related to the medical sciences department. One of the reasons for the welcome of the Humanities Department to the virtual reference services of the National Library is the method of collecting data for research in this study group, which is mostly based on library studies.
One of the most important actions of the National Library in the early days of the Covid-19 epidemic and after closing the library, in order to develop information services and help meet the information needs of members and users, was to increase the hours of simultaneous conversation. In this way, simultaneous conversation with users, in addition to meeting their information needs, provided a good opportunity to receive feedback and reasonable expectations of users from library services, which led to the provision of new services. The service of preparing digital copies of books, non-books, and periodical resources, respecting the intellectual property of the resources, was one of the important services that were launched in order to meet the needs of users, and currently, this service is available electronically for all members and non-members of the National Library. It is provided by sending a request to the e-mail address.
Originality/value: This is the first study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chat reference services at a national library.

Scientific journals, as sources that provide first-class information to the scientific and research community, are expected to present their best to index and store articles accurately and quickly by search engines and databases. Among them, metadata is the best solution. Using metadata in article files can speed up retrieval appropriately in the semantic web environment. Therefore, the amount of information in the hidden web environment will be reduced, and as a result, the access and citation of articles will increase, and this will lead to the acceleration and improvement of the science dissemination process. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate the use of metadata in scientific journal articles inside and outside the country based on the authors' instructions and files uploaded in three formats: Word, PDF, and HTML.

This research is of a descriptive type and was conducted by a survey method. The research community inside the country includes 90 international journals available on the journal ranking site of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Information Technology. For checking the conditions of entering the research, 50 journals were examined if they have an active page and link. Abroad, the multiplicity and dispersion of the subject created a heterogeneous society for investigation. Therefore, to solve this problem, the journals of three major publishers of scientific journals in different subject areas, namely Wiley, Elsevier, and Springer were selected and included in the study, each of which publishes the number of 2756, 2937, and 3750 journals respectively. The aforementioned publishers had the same publication structure and authors' guidelines for all journals, which made it easier to collect data and homogenize the community. The data collection tool is also a researcher-made checklist with 41 items (questions) in three parts to check Word, PDF files, and HTML. Each of the questions was extracted according to the standardsraised concerning metadata on the website of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The face validity of the checklist was confirmed by a group of professors of the Department of Information Science and Epistemology, and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficientof 0.74.

Among domestic journals, there are no instructions in the authors' guide for preparing a Word file, and among foreign publishers, only Springer has paid attention to this issue. About the HTML file. Also, none of the internal journals have HTML files, but foreign publishers have paid attention to this issue and have acted according to metadata standards. Also, only a limited number of journals have taken into consideration the metadata requirements that can be implemented by the authors and required the authors to comply with them. The result of the significant analysis of the difference between domestic and foreign journals in components of Word, PDF, and HTML showed the significant value of the Kruskal-Wallis test for PDF files and HTML was less than 0.05 (sig≤0.05), so it can be said that the observed difference regarding the level of metadata compliance in PDF files and H.T.M.L., among domestic and foreign journals, is meaningful; But regarding Word files, the observed difference is not significant and the findings are at the same level.

Measuring the difference between domestic and foreign magazines in the components mentioned in three Word, PDF files, and H.T.M.L. is meaningful. Domestic journals (those that are published internationally and were the target of study in this research) do not pay any attention to these components mentioned in the three files of Word, PDF. and did not have HTML. Only 9 journals published by Springer Publications, because this publisher has a general instruction for all authors, have paid attention to the issue of metadata in Word file setting and include it in PDF files and H.T.M.L. of articles. In general, the attention to metadata and its use among domestic journals is almost zero, and it is necessary to pay serious attention to this issue in order to improve the quality of indexing and access to articles.

Scientific authority as a core concept has a high priority of science and technology policymakers. Achieving scientific authority, although it requires the existence and establishment of various infrastructures, but it provides enduring benefits for the scientific and technological system. Contrary to the unified appearance of scientific authority, it comprises of various layers, which is conceptualized here into a mult-layered model of scientific authority. This model consists of four layers: "infrastructure", "process", "output", and "value creation". Each of the layers includes at least three sub-elements. In this article, while explaining these layers, the two-by-two interaction matrix of each of the infrastructure layers was created. This matrix represents three situations whih have been articulated. This article is considered as a starting point of a multifaceted approach to scientific authority, which eliminates the conflict of single-dimensional growth in each of the layers with the totality of scientific authority and makes the policy making for scientific authority more accurate and targeted.