فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخ فرهنگی
پیاپی 54 (زمستان 1401)

In this research, seven palaces in the Isfahan and Kashan routes have been studied by the historical-analytical method to understand the environmental and cultural contexts.  These palaces are Daulatabad, Rig, Dembi, Chah Rabat, Tajabad, Abbasabad and Imamzadeh mansions. Since some of these palaces are still standing and others have been destroyed, their identification has been possible through field investigations in historical context. These are the main questions of this research: 1. What was the purpose of these buildings and what was their location and relationship with other buildings, roads, and settlements along the route? 2. Which cultural aspects of the Safavid era are shown by these buildings? According to the research, these mansions by considering things such as the type of use, structure, location, number of buildings, the presence of a garden, and the type of connection with other buildings. had various functions. They were made for some special customs of the court; A custom that is a symbol of honor, justice, and political authority of the Safavid kings, for the official reception of the king, governors of the provinces, and the ambassadors of foreign countries, and also sometimes for holding royal hunting ceremonies.

The present article discusses the historical perspective of Professor Parizi’s work. The research is based on the hypothesis that no historian writes without an "opinion". Their historical writings are based on their earlier information, social conditions, and lived experience. Thus, even though the titles and topics of Professor Parizi’s books are very simple, there is a historical perspective that guided the author to develop his perspectives. Most of the contents of this article are taken from the works of Professor Parizi, but some other sources are also referred to for a better understanding of the subject. The article aims to show that Parizi also tried to present some new historical concepts. The main question of the article is, what elements were influential in the historiography of Parizi? As a method, the present article uses content analysis.

The legend of Kava Ahangar tells the story of a blacksmith who rushes to the help of the mythical warrior Fereydon and defeats the demonic kingdom named Zahhak and disappears. There were many discussions about the origin of this myth for a long time; to the extent that some researchers thought that this mythological narrative was added to the text of the main myth of the battle with the dragon. With the expansion of the knowledge of comparative mythology, similar mythological narratives of Indo-European were investigated and the essence of the blacksmith's narrative was recovered with the help of a mythological hero in the battle with the dragon. This narrative similarity as well as lexical etymology confirmed the ancient origin of this myth, which seems that iron weapons were added to the legend of the battle with the dragon in the Iron Age. Based on this, this research investigates the impact of the Iron Age developments on the origin of the myth of Kava Ahangar. In this article, with the descriptive-analytical method and the analysis of the mythological texts of Indo-European peoples and other nations, the author argues that the myth of Kava Ahangar is an ancient narrative of the evolution of the battle of the storm god with the drought dragon, which was in the Iron Age. A social and ritual has occurred in many ancient tribes and nations, during which the blacksmith helps the storm gods in the battle with the dragon by making an iron weapon.

Women’s education is one of the important elements since the time of constitutionalism. The lack of suitable educational facilities was one of the obstacles to the realization of the widespread interest in higher education among girls. Karim Fatemi, one of the educational directors of the second Pahlavi era, knowing the cultural roots of obstacles of the aforementioned problem, realized the importance of girls' high schools in 1343 and designed the educational programs of the school in compliance with the country's educational laws. His effort was to design and launch courses that train specialized skills that will be made students ready for employment opportunities. In this research, using the descriptive-analytical approach, we have analyzed the possible effect of the educational programs of the seven majors and extracurriculars of these schools in improving the students' skills until 1353. The scoring of students entering university, as well as the demand for interns from many institutions, shows the positive effect of the course headings of the programs and extra programs in changing the cultural atmosphere of society regarding the education of women and the use of their specialized capabilities.

In the 7th and 8th centuries AH, as a result of the conflict and hostilities of powerful tribes throughout the Islamic world, cultural and civilizational relations faced serious problems.  But Hijaz played an important role in enriching these relations, as during the pilgrimage, Mecca became a center for the cultural and civilizational continuity of the Islamic world. Along with all other active and influential cultural factors  karevansara (inn) also played a role in this matter. According to the findings of this historical research, the inns of Hejaz, as welfare centers, raised the position of cultural and civilizational institutions, numerous people from the East and West of the Islamic world knew about the construction of these inns in the cities of Mecca. and Madinah. Allocating significant endowments to these inns and in some of them providing facilities such as libraries, made the inns of Hijaz (the cities of Mecca and Medina) scientific and educational centers. Therefore, during these two centuries, in addition to increasing the social role of the inn in the Hijaz, these buildings played an important role in terms of education, science, and culture, and especially, in establishing cultural and civilizational relations in different regions of the Islamic world

One of the modernization programs of Reza Shah's era was health and its functions, which were widely reflected in the discourses of experts and policymakers of that period. Investigating the health status of public bathrooms concerning their function and connection with the daily life of the people of  Tehran is the topic of the present research. The main question is, what measures were taken to improve the hygiene of Tehran's baths during that period? What reactions did these actions cause and what were the results? The results of the review and analysis of the data show that equipping the bathrooms with showers was the most important achievement of the renovation of Tehran's bathrooms. These changes, without providing a platform for this work, i.e. nationwide plumbing, and without considering the beliefs of the people, created new challenges.