نشریه مطالعات نقد ادبی
پیاپی 38 (بهار 1394)

The Symbol has been discussed in Arabic Literature from a long time ago. Even some poems written by Imru’ al-Qays and Zuhayr are considered symbolic. In Arabic literature, this concept appeared after emerging the Symbolism school in France. Mane poets and writers welcomed this school and filled their work with different symbols. The varieties of these cases are so much, so we can fill a lot of papers and volumes with. Hence, in this essay we’ll just investigate the Symbolism in Arabic Contemporary Literature. Even in this case, gathering all related materials spends a lot of time; therefore, only prominent instances of Symbolism in Contemporary Arabic poetry have been analyzed. Symbol analysis has major effect on stating poems’ contents and themes; if the ‘Symbol’ won’t be identified and interpreted correctly, the poem’s whole content would be incomprehensible. For presenting the Symbolism generally, it hasn’t sufficed to a single country’s poets; and by dividing symbols, which was for the first time in this way, it was attempt to draw an overall image about symbolism in Arabic Contemporary Literature.

Ravandi renowned historian and scholar transport the sixth and early seventh century with 594 bits of Shahnameh in Rahat - Alsdvr that all practical wisdom and writing a lot on weight and tone poems of Shahnameh in addition to proving his great epic , Ferdowsi's devotion and interest ,because of the proximity of the development of all copies of the Shahnameh Shahnameh and Rahat Alsdvr that is closer to him , indirectly, to correct the Shahnameh has great service . As we know one of the ways to correct texts in order to counter the effect on other versions of a text with moveable lines close to the time of the poet's works . Shahkar Hay Shahnameh is one of the great Persian poet ever noticed that most of the writers , historians and poets have quoted many verses from it. In view of the plurality of movable lines Shahnameh and Ferdowsi Ravandi Rahat Alsdvr and coincidence, in this paper to examine personal lines and then the correction value of print-authentic way to deal with the Shahnameh and copies of them will be discussed. The results show that, firstly, all the verses cited in legal and ethical issues that our certainty about the use of the author of notes and entries already made, the more, Secondly, in the midst of this there are cases that lines of all extant copies Available Shahnameh is preferable. So it seems to be Shahnameh correct editors have special attention to this valuable work.

Although people talk to express their ideas, it is not the only way to do it, and they represent the majority of their ideas through their body movements and postures. This is called body language (Motion) now, and Kinesics (a modern branch of linguistics) is devoted to studying it. Expressing these movements in poetry or prose makes the work rich and consistent using imagination and depiction; therefore, studying it will be useful in literary texts. The present paper has studied the body movement(Motion) comparatively in poetries by Saadi and Mutanabbi, the two talented poets. Both poets are so eminent and high in rank that they can be regarded as the best Persian and Arabic representatives respectively. Thus, such comparisons contribute greatly to the richness of comparative studies of Persian and Arabic literature. This paper clearly concluded that Saadi also in this ground in quantity and quality had been much premier than Mutanabbi  and  this poesy form of Saadi again is seems stronger than him.

Ode is the first poetry form that Iranaian poets composed in it. In dispite of all the ups and downs, this form was a legimate and normal form (beside of ghazal and mathnavi) untile parliamentary revolution. But when parliamentary revolution happened, some poets and open- mInded as Aghakhan e Kermani, Akhundzade, Rafat,… opposed to ode and it's content (praise is the majer content of ode) and this form converted to an unnormal form and was being to decline suddenly. The reason of these converthons must be searched in converthons of episteme (modern and premodern). In a premodern episteme that it's presupposithon is unequality, ode is a normal form. In this episteme  the language is mild, favorable and flattering and it is compatible to ode, so ode is a usual form. But in the modern episteme  that it's presupposithon is equality, a flattering language isn't usual. So ode can not be a normal form in this episteme.

In Persian lyrical literature that is based on woman coyness and man necessity, emotional attachments, especially, emotional security  have  so many  worth . Wiss and Ramin story is one of the loving stories that beloved character is remarkable in it, from the aspect of emotional security, especially, affability against Disappointment .In this  romantic story , poet says  about  emotions related to desired end  and  avoidance .A story that Beloved tolerates so many  problems in the path of love .So ,she confronts  different emotions , like sadness ,happiness ,disappointment ,hope ,anger ,hating and.... Shah Moubad and Ramin cause a great section of these emotional actions in Wiss . Any how , the emotional actions of Wiss against these two people is so important and noticable. The results of this  research show that  »Wiss « has  no  self control  with regard  to » Shah Moubad « and always reveals her anger and hating against him .Because, where ever love is light , It shows its negative quality in shape of»sadness , hating , anger and…«that its conclusion is emotional death. But she has a healthy character and emotional maturity toward to » Ramin«, because where ever love is heartily, a kind of emotional action-that is called emotional feeling-shows its positive quality in shape of»happiness , desire , like and…«that indicate to emotional security.Even,when ever she finds treachery, she doesn’t give up against the failure and tolerates the emotional conflicts for attaining  desired end.

Poems and proverbs always have dual function, proverbial commission is an important element of literature which poets and authors use it to increase sweetness of speech and due to the fluency and clarity of concepts and meaning and making the truth more clearly and proving the words to show their capability and artistic ability in poem. One of the most important issues of linguistics in field of applied style is “speech act”. This article investigates the aspects of pragmatics of language, which is a scientific tool for analyzing speech based on John Searle ideas, the American linguist and also explain the sonnets of Saib Tabrizi in pragmatic area and the type of speech acts. This article is related to the Master thesis of the researcher. One outcome of this study is explaining and analyzing the applied style in practical form by categorizing the speech acts and the practical aspects of it which are the clear framework to consider differences of acts in proverbial commissions of Saib and his attitude toward his universe by different quotations enriched with messages and themes which reveal the social aspects of individuals in its interactive language.