مجله پژوهش های سلولی مولکولی (زیست شناسی ایران)
سال سی و ششم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

Anthropogenic pollutants are known to have adverse effect on ecosystem, and human health. Biodegradation is an option that has been widely used to remediate organic contaminants and reduce the risk of these hazardous materials. Microorganisms are readily available to screen and can be rapidly characterized to be applied in many extreme environmental conditions. Actinomycetes have a great potential for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites which have biodegradation activity. This study aimed to screen and characterize Nocardia species with biodegradation potential from diverse Iranian ecosystems. The isolates were screened from 90 collected environmental samples, identified and characterized using conventional and molecular microbiological methods including the PCR amplification and sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA and rpoB genetic markers. Growth rate in presence of pollutants, chromatography, Gibbs and turbidometric methods were used to determine bioremediation ability. A total of 19 Nocardia isolates were recovered from the cultured samples (21.1%) that belonged to 10 various species. The most prevalent species was N. farcinica; 4 isolate (21%), followed by N. cyriacigeorgica and N. cashijiensis; 3 isolates each (15.7%) and N. asteroides 2 isolates (10.5%). In this study isolates showed biodegradation activity against PAHs, phenol and oil derivations. Discussion and Our results showed that various Nocardia species isolated from Iranian ecosystems have great potential for biodegradation of environmental contaminant, therefore we can used this bacteria in bioremediation process, although they have not received much attention for such significant usage.

Lucigenin (LCG) is a fluorescent dye that can form supramolecular complex with p-Sulfonatoclix[4]arene by doing a simple incubation. By formation of CX4‧LCG complex, fluorescence intensity of LCG is quenched. The complex is used in indicator displacement assay (IDA), in which an analyte (A) is incubated with the CX4‧LCG complex, the A then displaces LCG and CX4‧A complex forms in real time. The liberated LCG regains its fluorescence. In cell culture medium there are ample of competitor ligand molecules for LCG. The presence of competitors decreases the association constant (ka) of LCG to CX4. In this study, the CX4‧LCG complex were pre-incubated with tetra-arginine peptide in phosphate buffer, a solution devoid of any competitor molecule, prior to dilution with the cell culture medium to the desired concentration. The fluorescence intensity of the solution was measured hoping for maximum fluorescence recovery. Next time, all incubations were performed in the medium then the fluorescence was measured. Contrary to popular belief, two experiments did not show a significant difference i.e., the ka value remains unchanged. We concluded that the supramolecular interactions will come to a multi-lateral equilibrium; therefore, IDA can be used for monitoring and measuring the concentration of analyte-of-interest even in the presence of competitors in the cell culture medium which is an interesting solvent in many biological sciences.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer among children. Our previous study on the cytotoxic effect of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) demonstrated the anti-leukemic effects of ginger extract on ALL cells. 6-Shogaol, the most active derivative of ginger extract, inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, by affecting the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6-shogaol on the expression of FASN (Fatty acid synthase) via Insig1(Insulin induced gene 1) gene over expression, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, in order to find the molecular pathways related to this drug derivative. CCRF-CEM, R-CCRF-CEM, Nalm-6 and RN95 were treated with increasing concentrations of 6-shogaol. The cell viability was determined using MTT assay and the rate of cell death was assessed by trypan blue staining assay. The mRNA expression levels of FASN and Insig1 genes were evaluated using real-time PCR. Statistical analyses were performed using the GraphPad Prism 6 software. Results presented 6-shogaol significantly decrease R-CCRF-CEM, Nalm-6 and RN95 cells viability. This inhibitory effect was greater in R-CCRF-CEM and Nalm-6 than in CCRF-CEM. Moreover, 6-shogaol reduces FASN expression significantly, but it did not show a significant effect on the expression of Insig1, so this drug derivative may induce its anti-cancer effect by affecting other molecular pathways.

Low-risk and efficient therapeutic approaches have been central themes of many recent studies on melanoma treatment. Accordingly, here the aim was to study the impact of nicotinic and picolinic acid-omega 3 complexes on mushroom tyrosinase and their antiproliferation effect on the A-375 melanoma cell line. The cells were exposed to various levels of nicotinic-omega 3 and picolinic-omega 3 complexes. To screen for cell proliferation, MTT assay and inverted microscope were applied. Kinetic analysis of the inhibitory effect of the complexes on tyrosinase enzyme was also evaluated. Nicotinic-omega 3 and picolinic-omega 3 complexes significantly reduced cell growth with a concentration and time-dependent behavior. The significant inhibitory effect for picolinic-omega-3 was observed in a lower concentration as the time increased. However, nicotinic-omega 3 did not manifest a similar potency level as in 24 h only 200 μM was significant, and in 48 h and 72 h, the significance in inhabitation was observed between 150-200 μM. Meaning that the growth and multiplication of the cells under those treatments decreased considerably. These two complexes affected mushroom tyrosinase in a competitive inhibitory manner with Ki values of 5.2 and 5.1 mM for nicotinic - omega-3 and picolinic - omega-3, respectively. It seems nicotinic -omega 3 and picolinic – omega 3 complexes are capable of solid antiproliferative potential against melanoma cells, indicating their potential applicability for the melanoma cancer treatment.

Thymus vulgaris and silver Nanoparticles has been demonstrated. Each of these agents for maximum impact requires a high concentration of substances affecting microorganisms. Assuming an anti-microbial agent with low concentration and in combination with other anti-microbial agents as the initial impact or more, A study to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of propolis interference, Thymus vulgaris essential oil and silver nanoparticles on gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and on Candida albicans was performed. Microbial used in this study are taken from Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology. Propolis is collected from different area of west Azerbaijan beehives. The ethanolic extract of propolis have prepared after 3 days. The interfering effects of these agents are evaluated by Micro-broth dilution method on Muller Hinton Broth in the presence of gentamicin as positive control for bacteria and Nistatin against Candida albicans. Acquired Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) show the effective interfering of these agents. The results of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of propolis extract with silver nano particle on Klebsiella pneumonia was 25 µgr/ml, on Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans was 50µgr/ml and on Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Proteus mirabilis was 100 micrograms per milliliter. MIC of Thymus essential oil with silver nanoparticles on Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 50µgr/ml, on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia and Candida albicans was 100 µgr/ml and on Listeria monocytogenes and proteus mirabilis was 200 micrograms per milliliter.

The entry of digital sequence information into databases and gene bank has provided a new horizon of legal challenges and the feasibility of legal protection for this type of asset. The lack of need for genetic resources and the lack of a protection legal system in international documents are the reasons for those who seek trade and profit, without the obligation to pay, and have challenged the principle of ownership. Sequence suppliers, on the other hand, argue the nature of digital sequence information has not changed, there is no evidence that ownership has been lost, or there is no reason that ownership has been transferred, conceive digital sequence information within legal protection frameworks. They say you have to pay for using the sequence. By analyzing and adapting the current support systems for digital sequence, the paper evaluates them as inadequate and proposes a new system for legal protection of this emerging technology.