مجله پژوهش های سلولی مولکولی (زیست شناسی ایران)
سال سی و ششم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

Propolis is a resinous natural substance with various biological properties produced by honey bees. In this project, the ethanolic extracts of propolis samples collected from three regions of Kerman province (Lalehzar, Rayen and Sarasiab) have been studied. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were investigated by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum Chloride methods, respectively, and their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity were evaluated using DPPH and Ellman methods. The obtained results showed that the contents of total phenol (165.97 mg equivalent gallic acid per gram of extract) and flavonoid (72.26 mg equivalent quercetin per gram of extract) of Lalehzar sample are more than two-fold higher than that of Sarasiab and Rayen samples. The ability of Lalehzar propolis to inhibit DPPH free radical (IC50: 5.64 µg/ml) was also approximately seven times greater than that of the other two samples. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the propolis samples. The data obtained from Ellman test indicated that the anticholinesterase activity of Lalehzar sample (IC50: 14.37 µg/ml) is 4.8 and 5.4-fold greater than that of Rayen and Sarasiab samples, respectively. Summing up the results, the Lalehzar propolis is a very good candidate for further studies.

Probiotics are live microbial and act to alter the intestinal microflora by increasing concentrations of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, and reducing the levels of pathogenic micro-organisms. Probiotics have the potential to impact significantly on the treatment of colorectal cancer .The aim of this study was to isolation and identification Bifidobacterium and the effects of their metabolites and sediment bacteria on colon cancer cell line (SW1116) and normal kidney cell line (HEK-293). In this study 100 dairy products was collected and cultured on BFM media for isolation of Bifidobacterium strains. After bacterial identification via biochemical and molecular methods, cytotoxicity effects of secretory metabolites and bacterial extract on colon cancer cell line and normal cell line was evaluated using MTT assay. In this research the isolated Bifidobacterium was identificated. The results show that secretory metabolites 2 and 3 isolates showed the most cytotoxicity effect about %95 on colon cancer cell line. 2 and 3 isolates showed cytotoxicity effect on HEK293cells %12 and %81, respectively. It was determind that the cytotoxicity effect of 2 isolate Bifidobacterium bifidum on HEK 293 normal cell is much less than its effect on SW1116 cancer cell line. Therefore, this bacterium can be used in the treatment and prevention of colon cancer by conducting further studies as an anti-cancer probiotic product.

In people with autism, communication, social interaction, and imaginative games have been particularly damaged. Thiomersal, commonly called mertiolate, is an organo-mercury compound that has antifungal and antiseptic properties. In recent years, the relationship between the likelihood of autism caused by thiomersal vaccines has been significantly raised by the media.

The present study examined dose-dependent behavioral changes after early exposure to thiomersal in a timed pattern of vaccination of children in male rats. Newborn mice were injected with 300 micrograms of thiomersal on days 7, 9, 11, and 15. From day 31 to day 80 After birth different exercise protocols 1 and 2 were applied. Immediately, after the respective protocols, in less than 30 seconds, the brain was removed from the skull and the brain prefrontal was rapidly exited. Finally, genes expression of ATG8 and ATG10 in the prefrontal l region were evaluated by Western blotting technique.

The results showed that the mice of receiving the thiomersal and did exercise protocols, especially the mice that did the 1 and 2 exercise protocol, had significantly lower ATG8 and ATG10 gene expression than the control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that mid-term exercise is effective in removing the adverse effects of thiomersal on the expression of autophagy genes.

The present study aimed to examine the effect of different growth factors on Caspian trout spermatogonial cell proliferation, colony formation and germ cell specific gene expression. Spermatogonial cells were isolated from testes of juvenile male Caspian trout by two enzymatic digestion methods and purified by differential plating technique. The suspended cells containing spermatogonial stem cells were cultured with different growth factors (bFGF, GDNF, IGF-I, EGF and LIF) for 14 days. The area of colony was measured in all experimental groups at day 14. Also, Immunofluorescence staining was used for qualitative and quantitative evaluations of DDX4/VASA-positive cells. The expression levels of Vasa and Gfrα1, as germ cell markers, was assessed in the experimental groups. Spermatogonial cells treated with a combination of growth factors bFGF, GDNF, IGF-1 and EGF had a positive effect on the area of colonies (P< 0.001). However, in the presence of LIF, no considerable effect detected on the spermatogonial cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence staining showed spermatogonial colonies were positive for germ cell-specific marker. With the exception of LIF-treated group, no significant difference was observed in the number of DDX4/VASA-positive spermatogonial cells among the experimental groups (P>0.05). A combination of growth factors did not have detectable effects on the expression levels of Vasa and Gfrα1 (P>0.05). The findings indicated that recombinant human growth factors has no significant effects on the in vitro proliferation of Caspian trout spermatogonia.

Nowadays, bioactive peptides are one of the important tools in improvement of human health. Microalgae proteins may be a good alternative to expensive sources such as meat and milk as precursors for production of bioactive peptides. RuBisCO is a hexadecameric enzyme composed of eight large subunits and eight small subunits, and accounts for 2 to 10 percent of the total cell protein.

RuBisCO protein belonging to three microalgae (Arthrospira plantensis (Spirulina), Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis) were in silico digested enzymatically. The antioxidant properties, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase-4, activation of ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of resulted peptides were compared with peptides products of commonly used proteins such as meat and milk by using various bioinformatics databases such as BIOPEP, ProtParam, PeptiDeranker, Pepcalc and ToxinPred.

a wide range of bioactive peptides with multiple capabilities were predicted during digestion of large and small subunits of RuBisCO with human, plant and microbial digestive enzymes. The results confirm high rank and low toxicity of these RuBisCO derived peptides in comparison with peptides derived from meat and milk proteins.

It seems that the RuBisCO derived active peptides of microalgae have a good function as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-allergy and anti-atherosclerotic. This advantage is due to the composition of its amino acids. Probably, preparation of a complement product consisting of the three microalgae peptides will be a perfect supplement for the treatment of some diseases.

Cyanobacteria are the oldest oxygenic photoautotrophs on earth with a wide ecological distribution. They increase soil productivity by affecting its physicochemical properties. Increasing the application of chemical fertilizers is harmful. Therefore, it has become necessary to look for alternative renewable resources to meet at least a part of the demand for crops. In this study, aimed at increasing the efficiency of cyanobacterial biofertilizer, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the form of urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride fertilizers were evaluated on nitrogen fixation activity measured by gas chromatography, nifH gene expression and the growth of cyanobacterium Aliinistoc sp. In general, the growth and nitrogen fixation activity of the sample decreased as the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus sources increased. The most effect of nitrogen source was on nitrogenase activity, and at the end of the experimental period compared to the beginning (before treatment), the amount of nitrogenase activity decreased 50 and 100% in the presence of 10 and 100 mg/L urea, respectively. Phosphorus had a significant effect on the growth of the sample, and at the highest concentration of superphosphate (500 mg/L), growth declined about 80%. On the other hand, potassium especially at the lowest concentration (125 mg/L), significantly increased growth by about 20% and doubled nitrogenase activity. In addition, the evaluation of nifH gene expression confirmed the pattern of nitrogenase activity. In general, the results of this study indicate that the dosage of elements used in combination with cyanobacterial biofertilizers should be considered.