نشریه پژوهش های سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 47 (شهریور 1400)

After the Islamic Revolution, various intellectual-political factions were formed. In the last four decades, due to domestic and foreign needs, these factions have faced transformation in all dimensions including attitudes to current issues such as democracy, human rights, and women's rights. The main question of this research is: what are the reasons for the transformation of the reformist faction to cultural and social liberalism? The current reformist faction, which is a continuation of the Islamic left faction of the Islamic Republic in the past decades, has faced this semantic evolution. Reformist faction, especially in the last two decades due to internal developments such as demographic stratification, the semantic horizon of religious intellectuals, economic development and the presence of women in the public sphere, global developments such as the new waves of democracy, social democracy, the expansion of liberal democracy and the new lifestyle have changed their attitudes towards all areas, including cultural liberalism and social democracy

The Islamic Revolution of Iran became bedrock of formation of the Islamic Republic due to its leaders’ goals that includes concepts such as trust, participation and norm, which are considered as the main indicators of social capital. Actually, it is the goal setting of the leaders, based on using the existing social capital towards themselves, against the Pahlavi government. The question is, what is the position of social capital in the Islamic Republic of Iran? And what is the benefit of it in the direction of goals? Findings show that despite the fundamental role of social capital in the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the system, social capital and its indicators has been associated with instability in use. In fact, reviewing the necessity of social capital in planning affairs as a reliable support is inevitable. Accordingly, we will examine the issue by the analytical-explanatory method

Religious modernity in Iran arose after the emergence of new philosophical ideas in the West and was influenced by the arrival of sparks of modernity in the country. Although the technological advances and manifestations of western civilization had attracted attention, but for some the spirit and philosophical and ideological foundations of the innovative thoughts and ideas of that land had become more and more attractive. The constitutional movement also broadened the horizons of this vision and provided the ground for the emergence of a diverse range of religious modernists; A group that sought to purify religion from extremes and superstitions, to individuals and groups who doubted the principles of religion and believed in purity. The purpose of this article is to explain the epistemological foundations and how the paradigm of religious modernity was formed in Iran; Assuming that religious modernity in Iran emerged as a synthesis of the challenge of tradition and modernity from active post-constitutional discourses.

Today, the role of ports as the most pervasive route of trade transit is of great importance in the foreign policy relations of countries in the world of politics, and Iran is no exception. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and analyzing the capacities and impact of Chabahar port in adopting Iran's political approaches in the region and the international system It also explains the opportunities and challenges ahead from a critical geopolitical perspective. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library information is by emphasizing and citing political and commercial reports and documents. The findings of this study indicate that one of the most basic criteria of regional and international political relations of Iran regarding countries such as Pakistan, India, China and Afghanistan is explained based on the development policies of Chabahar port.

The Human Rights Council (UNHRC) replaced the UNCHR as a subsidiary of General Assembly. The United Nations has demonstrated its special importance for issues related to improving global human rights situation and promoting universal respect for human rights protection and fundamental freedoms. It is responsible for fulfilling its human rights obligations. Among features of the UNHRC are possibility of suspending membership of countries violating human rights and establishing a mechanism for reviewing the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and studying details of monitoring human rights violations. Despite its many efforts in human right’s field, UNHRC has not yet been able to reach its main position and goal, which is to defend human rights in countries and Middle East region. Among factors that stand in way of achieving the UNHRC goals are universality of human rights, cultural relativism, lack of enforcement mechanisms, political considerations and injustice as well as the stance of some countries against the UNHRC.

One of the influential components in electoral behavior is the ethnicity component. The article aims to study the role of ethnicity in the electoral behavior of multiethnic communities. The authors have used qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population was 30 people in the qualitative section (census method) of sociology professors, members of Bojnourd and Shirvan city councils, provincial experts, and in a small part of the total population of 976 thousand people in the 11th election. About 650,000 people were able to vote in the Islamic Consultative Assembly, and according to Morgan (1972), 384 people were elected (stratified random sampling method). For statistical analysis, the factor analysis method was used using SPSS software version 19 and the structural model method was used using LISREL software version 8.8. The results showed that ethnicity, social status, and media consumption of individuals have a significant effect on the electoral behavior of multiethnic ethnic communities.

The technological growth of developing countries, creating new markets, has transformed production and innovation processes. On the other hand, it has increased the competitiveness and increased the export of their industrial products to world markets and has threatened the comparative advantages. The globalization of trade competition has led developed countries to pursue other strategies based on intellectual property rights to maintain their competitiveness and share in international markets. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of intellectual property rights in the international trade of developing countries and to answer the question, what is the role of intellectual property rights in the economic prosperity and international trade of developing countries? In response to the question, it is hypothesized that intellectual property rights in knowledge-based companies play an effective role in the economic development of developing countries.

Global security has principles and frameworks that in order to maintain global security, any security effort is aimed at protecting the values ​​of global security or preventing its weakening. With the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in the international system, the concept and foundations of global security underwent changes that weakened these foundations and had many consequences. In the light of global security developments, new actors such as individuals, NGOs, social movements and identities entered the int er na ti o n al arena and the scope of global security threats expanded. In this article, while explaining the principles and frameworks of global security, the threats of the principles of global sec u ri ty have been studied and analyzed in order to obtain a proper explanation of the global security situation and its threats.

In this article, with the aim of examining the role of public order and its studying in the implementation of foreign court rulings based on British and Iranian law, we will try to present different perspectives. In examining the rules and legal institutions, jurists of different countries recognize the concept of public order and consider it as a criterion for limiting the will of individuals. However, they do not agree on the nature of the concept of public order and have found it difficult to know the truth. Contrary to some people's beliefs, public order is not a rule and it is not a legal concept, but one of the main features of social life that is used in the judicial system as a model for creating administrative integration. However, it must be argued that today the enforcement of foreign court rulings in civil matters is accepted in the Iranian-legal system, and in some cases the issuance of the enforcement order is intended in civil matters.

The article aims to study the impact of globalization on Iran's national sovereignty. The research question is what effect does globalization have on Iran's national sovereignty? The research hypothesis is that globalization limits national sovereignty by diminishing the importance of political boundaries, but it can also provide opportunities to strengthen them. The research method of the article are descriptive-analytical and the data collection method. The results of the study showed that globalization limits national sovereignty by reducing the importance of political boundaries and has restrictive effects on the rules and principles of public law, although the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran raises the issue of independence in the country and has an ideological and Islamic perspective, it is not ineffective in limiting the sovereignty of the Iranian government

The article aims to consider the effect of mandatory settlement policy of the tribes on the social structure of the lur nation of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad at the age of Pahlavi dynasty. The method of this research was historical, in which the main sources, written and verse book and documents remained from the past periods were used. The results of this study indicated that the tribe settlement policy was ended with making the immigrant people poor and also declining of the animal production. Many of the tribes were only waiting for Reza shah death to restart their immigration. If a tribe had opposed to the government, it would be oppressed by the government savagely and violently. The mandatory settlement policy sustained many dam.

The present study seeks to examine the importance and role of identity in the development of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Central Asia based on the constructivist approach. The main question of the investigation is: Can common elements of civilization based on the constructivist approach affect the development of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Central Asia? According to the constructivist approach, the research hypothesis is that identity has a role (the existence of elements of a common civilization, customs, culture, religion, language) in the expansion of Iran's relations with Central Asian countries. Although it has had a negative impact in some cases, it has played a positive role in the development of relations between Iran and Central Asia. The authors’ results show that the central Asian countries and market and its rich resources in energy and various minerals can be connected to Europe through Eurasia to escape from the land restrictions, and to prevent the influence of terrorism, smuggling, and colonialism, and to guarantee the security of both sides. The method of causal research was descriptive-analytical.

The intellectual pioneers are those Azerbaijani thinkers who had important role in the formation of the intellectual structure of public nationalism and Iranian identity, and in this regard, they have been against the traditional and authoritarian system and its army forces and they called for the rule of law. regarding the hypothesis that how is the role of Azerbaijan in the development and evolution of nationalism in Iran, these ideas and thoughts originated in Azerbaijan, but it did not have a local view, on the contrary, there was willing to have a country called Iran with these characteristics. Iranian nationalism, regardless of its use of Iran's pre-modern past, is modern and is the inevitable twin of Iranian modernity and is the initial stages of Iranians' acquaintance with the modern world. The purpose of this article is to point out the direct and sometimes indirect positive role and influence of Azerbaijan on the modernizing process of Iranian nationalism. In this article, we will review the opinions and thoughts of great thinkers such as Akhondzadeh, Mustasharadoleh Tabrizi, Talbof and Taghizadeh.

One of the most fundamental issues in any social school is to explain the role of the government in the economy. Scientists and jurists have considered it for decades. The main question is: what are the responsibilities of the government in ensuring the welfare of citizens? According to the hypothesis, the welfare state is committed to providing services and financial support to citizens from public revenues. The present article is written in a descriptive-analytical method and a library method. The article aims to review the obligations and duties of the welfare state in ensuring the welfare of citizens. Finally, the authors concluded, according to the Charter of Citizenship Rights and the Constitution, the duty of the government is to ensure fundamental rights for the welfare of citizens

This research is based on a case study in Tehran about tax fraud in Iran from a political and sociological perspective. It is assumed that relative deprivation feeling, public awareness, public participation, and religious adherence affect tax fraud in Iran. The research goal was achieved through applied research, and data was collected through descriptive and correlational methods. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS software in two parts: descriptive and correlational. The obtained findings show that there was a significant correlation between public awareness and tax fraud. However, there was no significant correlation between social trust and public participation with tax fraud. Also, discoveries showed that the variables of public awareness, a religious adherence, and relative deprivation feeling can predict tax fraud to the extent of 6%.

One of the most important concerns of countries, both domestically and internationally, is the issue of "security". This issue has caused governments to choose specific orientations and strategies to maintain security and achieve their national goals and interests due to domestic needs, geographical and geopolitical conditions and also under the influence of the structure and function of the international system. Among these strategies is the strategy of alliance and coalition. A clear example of this is the NATO alliance. But other threats such as terrorism, extremist nationalism, drugs, environmental pollution and the proliferation of nuclear and chemical weapons, etc., with the question of whether NATO can play its role in developments. Important international to play well? NATO's unnecessary interventions in Southeast Asia and the Caucasus, and its claims of chemical weapons, are often false and baseless, and it seeks to dominate and influence the Middle East.

The origin of political thought in Iran is constitutional revolution period. Political thought in Iran was difference with critical rationality and methodic thought. Main characters of thought was based on spatial definition from ideology witch was a set of regular idea and ideals with stressed on its fixed element. Identical problem in current political thought was emphasize on circular time and retrospective element for macro issues resolution. Identity of this problem is as main question of research and irregular subjectivity of thinkers and political organizations is as research hypothesis. In this thinking method, mass mobilization in facet of quantity and no qualify for substantial changes in political and social arena consider as main principals. In current research, cognition and emphasize on non-unique pattern in political thought by classic ideologies perception considering as goal.

The article aims to investigate the role of oil in the economic structure of Khuzestan province. The main question is whether oil plays a role in the economic structure of Khuzestan province. Natural resources are essentially a blessing and can act as the primary driver of the wealth production cycle. Oil as one of these drivers plays a key role in the economic structure of countries. The authors have used the quantitative-qualitative method. Some data are obtained from referring to books and works of other researchers, and some quantitative analysis is derived from qualitative data, some data are also obtained from interviews with 18 people. Experts and officials are asked about how to use the role of oil on the economic structure and by selecting interview codes, the interviews are analyzed. Also, in the continuation of the research, the swot technique has been used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, capabilities, and threats of the province. The findings showed that oil can have an actual and potential role in the economic structure of Khuzestan province.

This study maintains that meantime computes obstacles impunity in international crimes, analyze methods of comparison against impunity; with this forward-supposition that the impunity of great international felonies cannot be an acceptable phenomenon so we decided to study legal principles that impediment against these felonies punishment principles: sovereignty, localness if criminal law, nonintervention, immunity, the individualism of punishment and legality of crime and punishment; we pay due attention to the comparison with impunity cases from the Nuremberg charter to Rom charter and in this way analyze the relationship between the sovereignty of government and impunity and we pay attention to international criminal court and international criminal tribunal. Finally, we can say 1. There are some conflicts between Rom charter regulations, 2. Unfortunately, execution of criminal justice has been possible only in non-developed countries; meantime non-appropriate movement could be seen from the side of the Security Council. Leaning to the 7th chapter from the charter must be regarded from the side of permanent members of the Security Council.