نشریه پژوهش های سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 43 (شهریور 1399)

International political economy is a term that combines the major disciplines of the humanities, including politics, economics, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and comparative politics. The basic element of this dynamic and inherent knowledge is that it proceeds in a two-way interaction. Schools and theories are derived from these characteristics. In this article, we have tried to deal with the evolution of international political economy from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present and its impact on human society.

The role of political thinkers and political philosophers in the West of Islamic civilization in its socio-political origin, despite the disorders of that era, has special credibility in the formation of political knowledge. Political philosophy and its role and relationship with the production of thought, knowledge, its impact and effectiveness on the political structure of Muslim societies in the West of Islamic civilization should be seen in the special view of Ibn Bajah in his work "Tadbir al-Mutawahid", Ibn Tufail in the sample of "Hayy Ibn Yaqzan" and Ibn Rushd searched philosophy with his methodology. Using a comparative method, in this paper, we have studied the relationship between knowledge and power in the minds of the above thinkers. The results of the paper were based on the precedence of knowledge over power in the thoughts of Ibn Bajah and Ibn Tufail. By supplementing the shortcomings in their philosophical concepts by confirming of Sharia and philosophy, Ibn Rushd emphasizes the special position of the philosopher in his desired political structure and the preference of the philosopher over the jurist in this structure.

In his works and views, Shariati provides an overview of identity, morality, and religion for living in this world. For this reason, given the Muslim world, including Iran, has been affected by the crises of globalization and the media. Reconsideration on Shariati's point of views can address some of these social and ethical challenges. For this reason, in recent decades, Shariati's specific concepts and beliefs about selflessness, committed democracy, equality, justice, meaningful religion, individualism, responsibility is all greatly enhanced, because these concepts address the crisis of abandoned humanity, the crisis of identity, the rise of social strife, Citizens’ isolationism, the new lifestyle, the inefficiency of political democracy, and the challenges of modernity. In other words, current analysts and thinkers are trying to respond to Shariati's ideas and to bring them into line with the 21st century to respond to the current situation and needs of citizens in the social dimension.

In the Islamic system, the jurisprudence determines the major policies based on Islam and the knowledge of the economies of time and utilization of his province, with the aim of flowing into the executive policies, some of which are based on the jurisprudential authority of Article 110. The main question of the present study, which is a descriptive-analytical one, is what is the position of the Expediency Council in formulating and overseeing the implementation of the overall policies of the system? The result of the present study is that by delegating one of its important duties as set forth in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 110 of the Constitution, the Expediency Council considers the Expediency Council to formulate and implement the general policies of the system, guaranteeing the guidance and management of the Islamic Revolution

When Obama came to power in 2008, Washington has had to reassess its foreign policy. This led to a shift in America's approach to the Middle East. One of the most important goals of changing the Obama-era approach to the Middle East was to change from unilateralism to multilateralism. In this regard, the US approach to the nuclear case, cooperation with the P5 + 1, transatlantic relations, and the adoption of a multilateral diplomatic strategy toward Iran can be seen as effects of Obama's multilateralism strategy. In fact, the main question is: what was the reason for the change in US foreign policy toward the Middle East between 2008 and 2016? In response, it can be said that the vast costs and limited benefits of the past US interventionist policy in the Middle East, shale oil economization in the US and the decline of the strategic importance of the Middle East region and US security concerns elsewhere, including in Southeast Asia, have been the causes of the shift in US strategy toward the Middle East between 2008 and 2016. But the most important signs of Obama's strategy toward Iran are: limitation of deterrence strategy against Iran, reduction in strength of multilateral sanctions and restrictions on controlling and reducing the danger of Iran.

The study of the political culture of different societies shows the readiness of these societies to find ways of governing in democratic or authoritarian ways. In this article, we want to address the important and fundamental issue of how Iran's political development in the form of one of the cultural dimensions of Iran's national identity, namely "Iranianness", leads to define, recover, pursue and ultimately specific results. In fact, the main question is, what factors and components as obstacles to Iranian culture are influential in the political development of Iran? In response, it should be said that the structure of tribal or mechanical society, short-term society, seeking stability, secrecy, self-centeredness and limited political subordination in Iranian society in Iranian political culture has led to lack of political development in this country. By enumerating the various components of political culture and examining and explaining them in this article, it seems that the main factor in convergence and divergence and not reaching the ideal society is welfare-material type and occasional departure from the revolutionary ideals and values ​​of Islamic Iran. And it is the structures of culture that have influenced other structures as well.

Leo Strauss's ideas have had a profound impact on US foreign policy. One of his most important ideas is his views on despotism and the political regime, which emerged in the Bush administration with the idea of regime change in Iraq. The United States has a global mission to promote American values and democracy. This global mission in the Bush administration was interventionist and militaristic. But Trump believes America's position internationally weakened and that the domestic situation is unfavorable. Trump sees the situation as a result of foreign intervention. Trump seeks to change US policies to return to his former position, the changes that Trump's Strauss supporters compare with regime change. Bush seeks interventionism, but Trump uses modeling to promote America to a stance as an example to be emulated.

The emergence of corruption has a long history in human society and is directly related to the development of the political system so that its emergence can disrupt a country's political system. In a corrupt administrative system, employees take advantage of their exclusive position in providing services, and engage in business with their jobs, which in addition to harming development, hinders the growth of healthy competition and social justice. From the beginning of its establishment and in the constitution, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran had considered policies to fight against corruption, based on the results obtained, it is necessary to strengthen the private sector and institutionalize the activities of civil society organizations and political parties to establish a relatively good relationship between the three sectors of public, private and civil society, which results in the control of corruption.

According to the legal principles, in case of gathering the ownership right with one or more actual right in a property and at the same time, or in the case of gathering the ownership right with the option in a property and at the same time, the area of the owner's possessions becomes limited and the owner doesn't have right to do material and legal possessions which are against the rights exist on the property. In these cases we face "instable ownership". In this article we intend to recognize the instances of the owner's possessions in the time of instable ownership and examine the legal situation of them. This article is written using a descriptive-analytical approach. The main question of this article is: Are owners’ possessions at the time of instable ownership valid or invalid? The hypothesis of this article is: Legal dominations (possessions), prejudicing actual rights of available withdrawal in property are ineffective and material dominations (possessions) prejudicing this right, is prohibited.

Considering the serious environmental damages caused by the population growth in human communities and the improper use of natural resources, the environment protection has gained such importance that it is seen as a national and governmental problem. This study aimed to assist environmental peacekeepers in distinguishing eco-friendly companies from non-eco-friendly ones, introducing a comprehensive model and a report consistent with the environmental approach. The research methodology included the input-output analysis and the pair-wise comparison. The results showed the importance of a social value added statement as a report on the environmental and social performance of a business entity. This study showed that the contribution of the social value added to the Green Policy has increased by 38 times.

To identify the components of knowledge sharing in this study, to ensure the effectiveness of the identified indicators as knowledge sharing, the semi-structured interview method was used between experts. According to the results of the interview with experts, the results showed that the dimensions of knowledge sharing between faculty members of Islamic Azad University include knowledge-based knowledge with knowledge coding components with 5 indicators, knowledge personalization with 4 indicators and attention to tacit knowledge with 4 indicators; person with the components of attitude with 4 indicators, desire with 4 indicators and behavior with 4 indicators; The university was centered on the components of flexibility with 4 indicators, the rule of law with 4 indicators and communication with 3 indicators. Islamic Azad University of Tehran Province.

The principle of confidentiality of documents, information and arbitral awards is a privileged feature of arbitral tribunals, if this property is not guaranteed the parties may be unwilling to dispute this process. Although the jurisdictional laws and regulations of some countries have recognized the principle of confidentiality, this has not been addressed in Iranian law. This descriptive-analytical research seeks to address the ambiguity that the process of arbitration is private or confidential and that confidentiality is more of an ideal or a fact, as well as whether it has any exceptions. The findings of the present study indicate that the confidentiality is relative and directly related to the obligations of the parties to the dispute and the third parties involved in the arbitration process. The basis for identifying the degree of confidentiality requires explicit agreement between the parties to the arbitration agreement, and this rule has some exceptions.

Legally, decisions have the validity and legitimacy of being legally well founded and substantiated. One of the decisions made by competent authorities in the community is economic decisions. In this research, we seek to answer the question: what is the legal basis of economic decisions in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran? In the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, those economic decisions have the validity and legitimacy that are made according to constitution. In this paper, through a library study with a descriptive-analytical approach, we sought to identify the constitutionally-based economics that is the legal backing of economic decision-making, and propose the country's economic decision-makers to advance their country's economic goals by making decisions on the basis of legal principles.

Mediation is one of the ways in which a third party called a mediator helps parties to reach an agreement. Mediation may fail to reach an agreement between the parties and may not work, and if the agreement succeeds, its terms are usually determined by the parties themselves. The method of the present study is in terms of purpose of applied research and in terms of method of data collection is descriptive (correlational). The parties to the dispute may be countries, organizations, groups, individuals, or anyone else who will seek a favorable mediation. They should consider a neutral person as the mediator. The results of this study can be used by all Zahedan lawyers and legal experts and all legal centers and organizations to promote restorative justice based on the mediation of the courts.

Counter-narcotics requires the movement of all segments of society, with NGOs nowadays seeking to gain a foothold in the field. Investigating the response of these organizations to the legal and judicial policies of drugs requires a descriptive-analytical, comparative study of the policies of the countries involved, including origin and destination of materials and then needs to analyze the status of NGOs. This role varies according to its legal basis (Article 14 of the 1961 Convention) and depending on the prevailing political, social conditions, and the policies of the countries involved in the substance of the matter, thus facilitating the adoption of the policies of the originating countries. Adopting the easy policies by the countries of origin, however, the presence of these institutions will increase and the implementation of strict policies by the destination countries will reduce the possibility of their presence; however, more presence does not necessarily mean more impact on drug policies in the country; and their influence depends on the degree of democracy in the country.

Public economic rights have a common theme with the development of the economy. Both are inspired by the economy to nurture a flourishing humanity, emphasizing rationality. To achieve the goals of development, transparency, monitoring and accountability are needed. One of its mechanisms is the rights of development planning, which is the prerequisite for achieving development goals. From the point of view of purposefulness and rationality, which require proper planning, in its field of laws and theoretical foundations, one has to ask whether development planning in Iran benefits from these elements? Then there are some uncertainties about the development. In this article, while analyzing the concept of planning and outlining its position in the legal system, the legal-economic pathology of development planning in Iran is analyzed.

Justice has always been the main concern of human beings and the centre of political thought. However this concept never had an obvious meaning and much has been done across the whole history of political thought to specify it's claim. During recent decades Ther apeard several theories to articulate it for some more functional use in the socio-political order of contemporary society. Justice as equity from Jhon Rawls is the most known of them. It is claimed in this article that what has been known as "social equality" is The most consistent theoretical framework for considering Justice in it's most meaning full ends. The question is that how we can promote Justice most efficiently? We will approach this subject critical-analytically.

Secondary education is one of the most important levels of education. At this stage, the most important ideals of an educational system and life skills are taught to learners. The sensitivity and importance of education in this field of study has led researchers to study in this field. Due to this issue, the purpose of this analytical study is on the educational system of the secondary school in line with the Islamic-Iranian utopia. The quantitative research method was a combination of library method and field method using a questionnaire. The statistical population was male students aged 14-18 in areas 4, 7, 13. The results of this study showed that in secondary education there is a gap in practice and opinion in the realization of the Iranian Islamic utopia. This result was inferred by analyzing variables such as Iranian Islamic goals, Iranian Islamic methods, and Iranian Islamic lifestyle.

According to Article 167 of the Constitution, the silence of the law has been a point of contention between lawyers. In the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, jurisprudential criminalization has been prescribed in some crimes. The study of the comparative rights of other Islamic countries also shows a difference of opinion between them. The main question of the research is what approach has the Iranian legislature and other Islamic countries taken towards the silence of the law in the field of criminal law? Examining the law, it seems that some countries, such as the Saudi Arabia, have accepted the Sharia rule, while others, such as Egypt, have been affected by western criminal law and the third group, like Iran and Afghanistan, is embroiled in conflict over their laws. In this study, using descriptive-analytical method, firstly, describe the current situation of the problem and then we answer the main research question by determining the gaps and taking advantage of the thinkers' opinions and examining the rules.

One of the means of resolving disagreements between terrorist groups and governments is mediation. Mediation is structured in two ways: personal and organizational. In this study, we tried to evaluate the process and results of this study by examining one of the most prominent contemporary examples of organizational mediation. Mediation in the Northern Ireland Peace Process was fostered by an international body; the institution that was implicitly recognized as an intermediary was flexible in its efforts to build trust amongst the various groups, with a view to defining the principles of democracy and nonviolence, a common ground and desirable for all-round talks. One of the improvements made was establishment of the Office of Independent Presidents, which guaranteed the presence of representatives of both groups in Northern Ireland.