فصلنامه نقش جهان - مطالعات نظری و فناوری های نوین معماری و شهرسازی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، تابستان 1402)

One of the proposed solutions to reduce energy consumption is to use nature as a source of inspiration. Surveys show that a large part of energy consumption is related to buildings. Considering that the building facade is the boundary between the interior and exterior space, it should be well-designed to reduce energy consumption. One of the solutions is to use an intelligent shading device that controls the entry of daylight in a hot climate.

This research, with its quantitative nature and simulation-modeling research method, has designed a kinetic shell in a building inspired by the movement mechanism of the Rafflesia to control the daylight of the building in the Shiraz climate.

The research findings indicate that the petals of the Rafflesia performed their opening and closing pattern in five consecutive movements and can act as a kinetic pattern or as a source of inspiration for the movement of the intelligent shading device of the building facade.

In the current research, the petals are considered with triangle geometry, which opens and closes from zero to 45 degrees at the top. In addition, according to the sun’s path from 7 AM to 7 PM, successive steps of opening and closing the flower take place, which can significantly absorb 20% of the radiation and 10% of sunlight hours. Therefore, the movement pattern of the Rafflesia in the hot and dry climate of shiraz has reduced radiation, which shows the optimal performance of the kinetic shading device.

The landuse change is one of the most important challenges of urban development in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of agricultural land use change and its impact on sustainable development in Shahriar city.

This descriptive-analytical research methodology is selected for the investigation during 1996 to 2016. The trends of changes in Shahriar city are studied and analyzed and radiometric correction is performed by using ENVI software. A questionnaire technic was used to assess the effects of landuse change on sustainable development.

Based on the results during the study period (1996 to 2016), the residential use increased annually with the growth rate of 117 hectares per year. Also, the use of garden and agricultural lands is increasing at an average rate of 200 and 37 hectares per year, respectively. Agricultural lands first experienced a decreasing trend (8%), then increased again (16.7%) and the result was an incremental study period (8.7%). Barren lands also have a 30% reduction rate in the region.

The outcomes emphasize on the importance and significant impact of agricultural and horticultural land use change on the components of sustainable development and well show that land use change has negative economic, social, environmental and spatial physical effects for sustainable development.

With the increase of human activities in the city, vegetation and natural cover has always decreased and as a result gives its place to the phenomenon of thermal radiation. The phenomenon of urban heat island (UHI) is usually evaluated by the land surface temperature (LST). The negative effects of LST on urban climate can be manifested by sudden increase in rainfall and unexpected weather effects. Therefore, the stability of population centers will face a serious risk and threat. In addition to climatic factors, population changes and changes due to settlement can also affect the temperature of the city.

In order to achieve the goal of the research, the temperature changes of the city surface between 2012 and 2015 were estimated through Landsat 8 satellite images, and finally, according to the changes and population movements in the 22 districts of Tehran, a spatial-spatial comparative comparison was made between the two. The variable has been measured and evaluated.

The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between demographic changes and thermal changes in 12 municipal areas. In 8 regions, this relationship is inverse and in 2 regions out of 22 regions, no significant relationship was observed between demographic and thermal changes.

In general, it can be seen that there is a significant relationship between population changes and temperature changes in Tehran metropolis. The increase in the temperature of the earth's surface, which means more human exposure to heat, will change the quality of life.

In recent years, awareness of how urban surfaces can improve the microclimate has grown. Meanwhile, the challenge of using cool materials in urban spaces to change the microclimate is significant. Because urban surfaces are made up of two types of vertical surfaces (urban facades) and horizontal surfaces (pavements), each of which has a different impact based on where it is set.

This research investigates the cooling effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based photocatalytic self-cleaning material (P-S-TiO2) in an urban square.

This study experimentally studied the evaluation of these materials on horizontal and vertical urban surfaces using ENVI-met software in the space of an urban square, a topic unexplored in earlier research.

The findings show that when these materials were used in the square's pavement, the air temperature of the urban space of the square at the height of 1.5 meters decreased by about 0.6°C because the square's pavement is about 16°C cooler. Meanwhile, the simulation results showed that if these materials are used in the urban facades of the square, there will be no noticeable change in the air temperature.

The conclusion of this research will increase awareness of how to use P-S-TiO2 on both vertical and horizontal surfaces. In other words, using these materials on horizontal surfaces benefits the urban microclimate. Improving the urban microclimate increases the quality of the urban space of JOLFA neighborhood square.

Today, the energy crisis has become a global problem, and all countries are involved in this crisis, so solutions with small results can lead to significant changes on a macro scale. Passive cooling strategies are a method to reduce energy consumption in buildings and help improve and promote energy management in hot climates.

The current study analysis ventilation performance related to constructing four-story buildings. Furthermore, there is a heavy investigation into the mechanical aspects of ventilation; hence this research is going to fill the gap in the architectural view of the ventilation system. The modeling uses energy software (Design-Builder).

Studies have been conducted to investigate the position of the stack, and the earth's rotation, in addition to changes in the materials of the stack in the residential area of Dezful city. The most frequent residential land size in the residential area of Dezful is 10x20 square meters. In addition, changing materials has a direct impact on stack ventilation.

The simulation outcomes demonstrated that material and site rotation changes could alter the stack's performance, meaning that glass can be more effective than aluminum. Still, the position of the stack in the plan does not make a significant difference in the stack's performance. The result is outstanding for architects and all people working in this field, which can be a guideline in designing energy-efficient.

Reuse of heritage buildings is the best strategy to preserve the building. The lack of attention to industrial heritage buildings compared to other heritage buildings has caused their destruction, while due to its huge scale, it can be used appropriately. In addition, these buildings usually do not provide daylight standards for health and productivity. The main goal is to analyze the current state of the daylight and find solutions to reduce glare and optimal use of daylight instead of artificial light.

The case study is the research on the building of the old steam boiler in the Ghaemshahr textile factory complex in Mazandaran province. Building modeling is done with Rhino and Grasshopper, and daylight is simulated in Honeybee and Ladybug plugins based on Radiance. The design parameters of the shading system for horizontal and vertical louvres have been examined in order of the width of the blades, the distance between them and the angle, and the width has been considered for the frame. These parameters are examined by manual optimization method. With scrutinizing and validation, it leads to a better selection of shading system for better productivity.

With the aid of shading systems, it is possible to reduce glare and have enough daylight in the space. Among the shadings, the vertical louvre reports the greatest effect in reducing glare.

The result is presented as a design guideline for industrial heritage buildings in a humid subtropical climate so that the building can be reused with minimal intervention.

The aim of the research is to use and apply the artificial intelligence network and data mining of the non-form pattern in the ten valuable landmark buildings of Tehran (1330s to 1350s) in the direction of modernization.

In the present study, the research method used in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the method of study is descriptive-survey in terms of method and nature. In this research, the MLP (Multilayer perceptron) artificial intelligence network and clustering have been used to validate the non-form analysis of residential building plans in the period 1330-1350. The data were randomly divided into three sets, 70% of the data were used for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing.

According to the analysis and matching with non-formal analysis, the results show that plans have 15, 14, 13 and 11 components in terms of non-form. which exactly corresponds to the plan's amorphous analytical tables. Therefore, the results of the non-form analysis of the plans have been validated by artificial intelligence.

Modernization of buildings and preservation of historical buildings are important for the majority of people and the results of this research showed that by using modern technology such as creating an artificial intelligence network, it is possible to find the invisible and hidden components in the plans of the mentioned period and use them in today's residential plans. The use of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence in order to cluster and identify the hidden relationships of plans can be very helpful.