مجله کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور در برنامه ریزی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 51، بهار 1402)

Shahrchay Dam is one of the main sources for providing drinking water and irrigation to the city of Urmia. The snow reserves in this basin serve as a strategic water supply for the agricultural sector and are utilized as runoff in the lower part of the basin as temperatures rise. Therefore, having information about snow reserves and the runoff derived from them throughout the year is of special importance in water resources management of the basin. There are various methods available for estimating runoff derived from snowmelt, typically using a combination of meteorological data and remote sensing. In this study, the snow cover data from the MODIS, the ERA-LAND reanalysis dataset, and the GPM precipitation database, all of which are products of remote sensing, were used as inputs for the snowmelt runoff model (SRM). The daily runoff resulting from snowmelt in the Shahrchay Dam Basin was estimated using satellite images and products in the water year of (September 2019 to August 2020). And The model outputs were validated based on the daily river discharge data measured by the Barde Sour station. The results indicate that the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) performed well in the studied basin, with a coefficient of determination (R2) exceeding 0.8 and a (DV) -2.21.

A failure in the sewage network as one of the important urban infrastructures can have adverse consequences, which sometimes even leads to the disruption of a part of a city's performance. In this article, the risk of failure in sewerage networks was conducted based on the combination of the probability of failure and the consequences of failure in the 4th water and sewerage area of Tehran. For this purpose, Bayesian networks were first used to obtain the probability of failure. The network was formed based on features such as deposits, pipe leakage, corrosion, pipe wear, and pipe deformation. For 1610 pipes, 70% of which were used for training and 30% for testing, the probability of pipe blockage was 6.7%, the probability of hydraulic failure was 2.2%, the probability of structural failure was 0.3%, and the total probability of failure for pipes was 8.7%. The overall average accuracy of this step was estimated at 76%. In estimating the consequences of failure, spatial analysis in GIS and the DEA multi-criteria decision-making method were used. Spatial analysis such as buffer for 9 spatial criteria made it possible to score pipes with high speed and efficiency in case of failure and its impact on the surroundings. The DEA method has the advantages of using objective and subjective data as well as reducing the number of pairwise comparisons. Finally, with the effect of PoF and CoF values on each other, the risk of pipe failure was obtained and by ranking them, 9 items in the network were identified as critical pipes. The results showed that such an approach has high reliability and the risk of failure can be estimated with proper accuracy.

Tehran peri-urban areas encounter with several institutional and instrumental dispersions. Undoubtedly, spatial management requires a spatial decision support system that is dynamic and interactive. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is an effective approach in spatial information management which has made great progress in recent years. This research, while recognition the influential institutions in the integrated management of the capital's peri-urban areas, evaluates the factors and criteria of readiness for the establishment of spatial data infrastructure. Data collection was done through interviews and questionnaires, used the SDI readiness index method. 25 selected public and government institutions were evaluated in 16 evaluation criteria and institutional readiness index and readiness index was calculated. In general, the two factors of Technology and Information, in comparison with the three factors of Organization, Human Resources and Financial, face less challenges and problems in establishing a spatial data infrastructure, but overall, no significant difference was observed between the factors. In a more detailed analysis, the criterion of private capital and return on investment are not very good compared to other criteria. Also, in this research, four institutions were found to be more ready and three institutions were less prepared than others to implement SDI. The readiness index in the peri-urban influential institutions was calculated as 0.47, which is slightly below the average. At the end, in order to remove the obstacles, suggestions were presented focused on: strengthening the private sector, increasing public awareness and managers, reforming the attitude of governance and data power and expanding the culture of information dissemination, promoting inter-institutional cooperation, focusing on data infrastructure projects instead of creating inefficient systems.

The Geomorphological RoleIn TheManagement and Site Selection for Solid Waste Disposal By Using The GIS in the city of Evaz Planning and urban management requires a systematic and comprehensive approach to the various aspects of the city. One of the aspects of the city that if not managed properly can cause disruptions in the geographic area is the Management and Location of Urban waste disposal. the most important issues in the discussion of Site Selection for Solid Waste Disposal, are the Geomorphologic factors contributing to this proces. The aim of the present study, management and Site Selection for Solid Waste Disposal of Evaz, The assessment of landfill sites for the Locational acceptance of Geomorphologic factors.According to the characteristics of the study area and the survey of experts, 10 effective factor in determining the site of the landfill in Evaz. Method of study, is the Descriptive analysis using geographic information systems. The results show that Current site of the landfill From the perspective of geomorphologically, Ecological conditions of the region, And standards of the world in the best possible site is located And problems in the field, associated to The method of collection, transport and disposal of waste

Thermal remote sensing, as a branch of remote sensing science plays an important role in environmental studies. Thermal sensing is one of the new and low cost methods against ground surveys in remote areas, which provides valuable information from the study area to researchers in the shortest time. It is possible to prepare a surface temperature map to identify areas prone to geothermal and plant stress by using an infrared thermal band. Which provides the basis for further exploratory studies. In this research, we used the ETM + and ASTER sensors to map the vegetation anomalies using the NDVI index of Khoy city. And plant seasonal variations were examined. Two datasets, one in early summer 2002 and the other in late summer and fall 2002, were derived from Landsat 7 data. By calculating the LST for the ETM + sensor, in this study, changes beyond the normal seasonal changes were considered as thermal anomalies. Also, by calculating the surface temperature by ASTER data, the surface manifestations of these anomalies under dense vegetation were revealed. MODIS sensor images were used to validate LST calculated by ASTER sensor and NDVI and ALI were calculated using it. The results of the present study showed that the identification of geothermal regions has a good spatial correlation with plant stress in Khoy city. ETM + and ASTER sensors, due to their high resolution in the infrared thermal band, 60 meters and 90 meters, respectively, are suitable sensors for calculating the surface temperature and detecting thermal anomalies. Therefore, the image difference method in this study was not a suitable method and did not show good results.

Over the past decades, modern urbanism has relied too much on the needs of mobility and neglecting the organization of pedestrian spaces. According to the trend, sustainable urban development will be caused if urban planners present the theory of neo-urbanism to save urban centers, and the officials of urban affairs develop plans in the direction of pedestrian traffic, if they themselves put some kind of neo-urbanism in their agenda. In this article, various pedestrian indicators, including pedestrian indicators, sustainable development indicators and tourism indicators, were compiled based on questionnaires and were compiled using the methods of hypothesis testing, equality of averages, a population t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and then ranking indicators based on Weighted entropy and finally TOPSIS method. The analysis of the data has been carried out and the measurement of pedestrian traffic has been done using the HQE2R model, and the analysis of pedestrians, surface service and pedestrian services has been used according to the 2016 HCM manual. Also, the accessibility, movement structure and strategic components of Imam street will be approved through Arc-GIS software and maps of Imam street will be designed. The results of the data analysis and the models used in the research indicate that the indicators in the process of pedestrian regeneration in Semnan city will be correctly defined and can be effective. But the level of service in this area is low. In order to have a sustainable development, the pedestrian axis becomes important in this street and requires higher level services.