نشریه مطالعات جامعه شناختی در ورزش
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 7، تابستان 1402)

The purpose of the research is to examine the challenges and perspectives of women's sports participation.

In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the status of women's participation in sports activities, its causes and challenges by using existing texts and literature, and by providing suitable solutions, an efficient horizon and perspective in order to increase participation as much as possible. Provide women in sports. The research method of this study is based on the nature of the subject of documents, and accordingly, the library technique was used to collect information..

The investigations showed that despite the increasing presence of women in social fields, their participation and presence in sports activities is limited. Considering the importance of sports in the personal and social health of women, it seems that the Iranian society has not yet realized the importance and necessity of sports among women and girls. The percentage of women participating in sports activities is lower than that of men in all countries.

The nature of using this concept of social marketing is to change behavior, which is the main nature and purpose of marketing in this field. The meaning of individual attitude change is that, according to the conditions, a person finds a positive belief in physical activity and public sports, and further, the attitude towards public sports also becomes positive, which is due to the increase of the individual's information. Further, according to the effects of social norms on the individual, this normative belief is created in people that exercise and physical activity can be placed as a need in people. The positive social consequences that can be achieved by using social recovery strategies, changing behavior towards desirable behaviors that lead to the development of public sports in this research. Considering the pivotal role of sports in the health of women as mothers of society and consequently the health of their children, the issue of women's sports participation should be seriously considered. Social marketing is suggested as an effective approach to reduce barriers and increase facilitators to women's sedentary behavior and improve the quality of individual and social life, which implementation and implementation requires support and capacity building from all responsible institutions. The multiple benefits of sports, improving women's social attitudes and beliefs by focusing on the effectiveness of promotional and educational activities, developing suitable places and spaces for women's public sports, inter-departmental coordination and leading women's public sports are effective measures in this field.

The current research tries to focus on social constructionism, link it with futurism, and in this process, using the constructivist approach of grounded theory, and present a short-range theory in the construction of possible futures of professional sports. The growth of professional sports is the beginning of the development of the sports industry.

The data of this qualitative research, which had an exploratory-fundamental nature, was collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports. A detailed interpretive understanding and primary, focused, central and theoretical coding determined that professional sports based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, can achieve its desired future. Make and set a perspective for it.

In this research, macro analysis of future trends, income generation from social media, new formulas for selling players, the existence of many talents in all disciplines in Iran, sustainable talent search by clubs, development of academies and provision of legal measures for broadcasting rights.

In a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that by identifying the surprises and drivers affecting the future of professional sports in Iran, it is possible to identify its various futures with different possibilities. Surprises sometimes bring transformative events such as the invention of a new technology. Sometimes it is possible to be aware of a surprise that is about to happen by tracking weak signs, but this is not always possible. Therefore, it is suggested to privatize the clubs with the presence of the stock market and non-stock market, the implementation of the principles of corporate governance in the club, the establishment of an independent business institution in sports, the creation of income-generating places by the clubs, technology-based transformation in ticket sales, providing online services to fans (buying, The sale of club clothes), the passing of laws to protect the economic rights of sports clubs, the creation of professional television channels in the context of technology, in this way, entering into the discussion of sports tourism with high-profile sports by clubs should be placed on the agenda of the Union of Professional Clubs of Iran. In the field of professional sports, issues such as the status of professional sports rights, the status of professional clubs, the status of professional athletes and the status of professional coaches are addressed. Legally, the legitimacy of professional sports is not explicitly mentioned in any of the existing laws. For this reason, different people with different interpretations of existing laws have commented on the legitimacy or illegitimacy of this sport. The same is the case with the financing of professional sports. Media rights are the most important source of income for professional clubs. The Broadcasting Organization does not consider itself obligated to pay this right in any way. There is no specific and codified law regarding other financial sources. Playing professional sports is to earn money. Therefore, in this type of sport, relationships are more commercial. Business rules and regulations do not apply in some cases in the field of professional sports. Due to this legal gap, special laws should be prepared regarding the legal relations between institutions and individuals in professional sports. One of the reasons for the weakness of professional sports is the lack of a support system for institutions, athletes and coaches. For the development of professional sports, it is necessary for those involved in this type of sports to have sufficient legal and financial support.

due to the strategic importance of the physical presence of fans in stadiums and the regulation of sports relations and their place in the development of fan culture, understanding the challenges facing football fans is considered a significant issue that is independent of the capacities created by the centers. And sports clubs need to be analyzed and read from the perspective of the fans. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to analyze the lived experience of fans of the challenges of developing the culture of football fandom.

Qualitative research method is a phenomenological type with a descriptive approach and based on the Colaizzi model. The research community was the members of Sepahan Isfahan Sports Club and the cultural managers of the club. Of these, the research sample reached data saturation with 20 people. The purposeful sampling method was dependent on the criteria and heterogeneous. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the data was confirmed through external auditors, in-depth description, returning to the interviewees and two coders.

The findings of the research after implementing the information and coding the data in several categories including the re-engineering of the fans' thoughts in the development culture, the increasing trend towards media consumption, instrumental attitude towards the fans, the feminization of sports, the social responsibility of the fans, the cultural-social competence of the fans and Fan businesses were categorized.

The development of fan culture requires preparation to face challenges, a major part of which can be done by increasing individual and interpersonal skills by fans; the results of this research will be effective in strengthening and rebuilding the attitudes of the managers and planners of fan centers for the development of fan culture.Paying attention to the upcoming challenges of the fan culture requires sports centers to create the necessary frameworks and standards to attract, educate and promote the fan culture and modify the existing processes in order to support the development of fandom. Based on this, fan centers need to draw a technical and cultural map in order to reach the desired sports position with the aim of continuing the presence of fans through the expansion and development of entrepreneurship and value creation of sports at the community level.

The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an advertising literacy questionnaire from the viewpoint of high school physical education teachers as the audience in the city of Drood.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and employs a quantitative strategy and uses a descriptive procedure based on the structural equation method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the K-12 and high school first and second grade teachers of Drood, Lorestan Province (N = 200). In addition, it should be noted that the total population method of sampling was conducted. The measurement instrument is Malmelin’s (2010) Advertising Literacy Questionnaire, which was appraised for validity in the Iranian society. Descriptive indices and statistical tests were used to analyze the data, while the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used to determine reliability and convergent/divergent validity, and lastly the confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine construct validity.

The results of this study showed a desirable fitting of the dimensions of the advertising literacy model from the viewpoints of the audience, such that in terms of construct validity and significance levels, all items had a significant relationship with the factors and were able to serve as good predictive factors. Furthermore, it was found that based on the Cronbach's alpha values and combined reliability, the questionnaire components had acceptable reliability

As a result of this confirmation in the present study, we can conclude that this questionnaire can be used to examine the state, order and priority of its items according to the customers. Finally, teachers as social contacts would be able to develop Sport advertising plans and evaluate their effectiveness based on obtained results. Keywords: Physical Education teachers, information literacy, visual literacy in the arts, rhetorical literacy, advertising literacy.

In recent years, the concept of intelligence has not only been regarded as a cognitive ability, but has been expanded to other areas such as emotional intelligence, existential intelligence, moral intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and so on. Spiritual intelligence is defined as a set of abilities, capacities and spiritual resources that can be used in daily life can increase one's adaptability. Aggression is a practice that aims to act physically or psychologically. Aggressive perspectives in sports are also two -sided views; On the one hand, sports sites are the only place where aggression is not only permitted, but also aggressive behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 9 session of spiritual intelligence training on development of spiritual intelligence and aggression of women's volleyball coaches in Isfahan city.

This research method was semi-experimental which is done via survey method. The population of this research was women's volleyball coaches in Isfahan city. From the target population 40 women's volleyball coaches randomly selected and then assigned in two experimental (N=20) and control groups (N=20). For gathering data used three Questionaires include demographic questionnaire, King spiritual Intelligence standard questionaire, and AQ aggression questionnaire. After verifying the face validity of questionnaires by professionals, reliability of questions was investigated through Cronbach Alpha method. This coefficient for spiritual intelligence questionnaires was 0/78, nd aggression was 0/89. Colmogtof-Semirnof test, Levin test and analysis of covariance was used to analyze the findings of the research.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the spiritual intelligence, in two experimental and control groups after nine sessions of training spiritual intelligence. In other words, nine spiritual intelligence training sessions have influenced the amount of spiritual intelligence in volleyball woman coaches. Considering the Etta context, it can be said that 60 % of these changes were due to the impact of intervention, nine spiritual intelligence training sessions. Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the aggression, in two experimental and control groups after nine sessions of training spiritual intelligence. Considering the Etta context, it can be said that 41 % of these changes were due to the effect of intervention nine spiritual intelligence training sessions.

Spiritual intelligence grows through education and can have a positive effect on reducing aggression in woman's Volleyball coaches. When a person needs a counselor to deal with life pressure, the spiritual domain can help the individual find meaning in stressful situations and this confrontation can be an attempt to find meaning in the position. Found hard; If we consider the ability to help spiritual resources as an intelligence, then this ability should help solve life problems and reach goals and lead to better adaptation.

The purpose of the research is to develop a model of intelligence and strategic thinking for the management of human resources in Iranian sports.

The characteristics of the current research in terms of methodology include the orientation of the research to the fundamental method; Qualitative research method; philosophy of research, interpretation; The research strategy is based on data theory method and the research approach is based on inductive method and finally the goal of exploratory research. The methods of snowball sampling and theoretical saturation index were used for sampling from the research community who were professors and experts in sports management. Interviews with experts and experts were considered as the starting point of the data collection process of this research. The people to be interviewed included 15 people who were selected in a theoretical manner. By selective coding by integrating the categories discovered from all the interviewees, he identified the main and sub-categories.

The results show that 179 initial conceptual propositions were obtained in these codings. According to the results of research among different organizational factors, organizational culture can play a vital role in limiting or persuading; Leaders who play important roles in relation to culture and strategic thinking process. Finally, after analyzing all the categories related to thinking and intelligence, we reached the model. Mobin shows the relationships between the main components and components resulting from the central coding about the thinking and intelligence of human resource management in Iranian sports. The categories extracted from the components formed the paradigm model. The conceptual model in this research shows the intelligence and strategic thinking model of human resource management in Iranian sports, which is based on the findings of this research.

Strategic planning alone cannot help managers in advancing their goals. Since strategic planning is based on past information, it will not be effective in the long term and due to the rapid changes in the external environment. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the strategy to guess the future of the business and plan for it. Senior management is not omnipotent in formulating a strategy and other factors are also effective. Formulation of strategy requires full understanding of business elements. Modern strategy leaves us in a dilemma. Strategy responds to needs and frees us from crisis. However, the role of management becomes particularly important when the environment is complex, unstable and ambiguous. May it be this manager who, with his tact, will lead the organization through the mysterious and foggy atmosphere of the crisis and bring it to its destination. The learning organization helps us in planning to promote people's innovation and their ability to deal with unpredictable situations, to promote innovators, people and their ability to deal with unpredictable situations, and educational planning to achieve the above goals. It will not be very difficult, but it needs to be careful. Learning should be a part of the daily schedule of the employees. Suggested that organizations pay more attention to employees through increasing motivation and raising the level of awareness and knowledge of employees in order to increase the information of employees in the field of intelligence and strategic thinking. Also, to differentiate their organizational position from competitors and create superiority over them.

The aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting the instability of the management of football clubs in the Premier League.

The present study was a descriptive, applied survey. The statistical comprehensive of the study included 100 Premier League managers, board of directors, coaches, players, members of the federation, and finally 86 questionnaires were returned to the researcher. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, the validity of which was confirmed by sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method (0.988). The relevant questionnaire consisted of 36 questions in four categories, the share of each question was nine questions. In order to analyze the research findings, two categories of descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. In the first part, descriptive analysis of data was performed in the form of frequency distribution tables. In the second part, inferential statistical methods (mean of a population (t test) and Friedman test) were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.

The results showed that the individual factors, the lack of expertise of managers and lack of experience, the functional factors, the lack of a comprehensive system for evaluating the performance of management and the non-sporting motives, the organizational factors, result-oriented and lack of meritocracy and finally, the environmental, political individuals football management and lack of independence of the exercise of the most important factors are the lack of stable management.

Overall rating factors and organizational factors also showed that the average (3/31) and personal factors with the highest average (1/03) have the lowest impact on volatility management.

The purpose of this article was to determine the consequences of student participation in sports activities in Iranian schools.

The researcher collected information through in-depth interviews using purposive sampling method and snowball sampling technique. Then, the data obtained from interviews, articles, physical education instructions of education, books and clips related to the triangulation technique through method and data, are collected and theorized data method with the method of Charms approach, coding and analysis and Was analyzed.

The result of grouping the codes showed one main component and four sub-components. The main component included accelerators and sub-components such as cooperation with stakeholders, financial resources, support and incentive resources, political context.

According to these accelerators, it can be acknowledged that these factors accelerate the process of student participation in school physical activity; This research can be used as a tool to analyze students' participation in physical activities in Iranian schools.Also, considering the importance of the role of valuation in government policies on the work of physical education teachers, it is therefore suggested that extracurricular trustees in the field of sports, motivating physical education teachers and school principals evaluate the activities of these loved ones at school level. Provide.Accelerators (cooperation with stakeholders, financial resources, supportive-incentive resources and political context) have affected both the process of sports participation and the consequences of sports participation. Therefore, it can be said that value orientation, health promotion policy, policy of paying attention to students 'age, strategic view of participation are among the sub-components affecting the political context, which should be at the top of the importance of paying attention to students' age. Because they are vulnerable and at the same time effective and future-making of society.The results of this study can help the organizations in charge of sports in the country to deal properly with the participation of students in the physical activities of Iranian schools. Also, conducting this research while creating awareness of the current situation for optimal planning and review of accelerators, which refers to the analysis, recognition and scrutiny of the entire system of student participation in physical activities and determining the factors affecting participation, can have benefits such as the possibility of participation. More in school physical activities, diversity in school physical activities, attention to the interests and needs of students, creating an informal and intimate atmosphere, revitalizing the vitality and freshness in students and better identifying sports talents.