نشریه پژوهش های به زراعی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1400)

This experiment was conducted during 2016 as factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The first factor consisted of three levels of naphthalene acetic acid (0, 200 and 400 ppm) and the second factor included three levels of salicylic acid (0, 2 and 4 mM). The results showed growth improvement process in physiological indicators spraying with 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid was higher, And the least effect on the physiological parameters of growth in the control (without the use of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid). The difference between naphthalene acetic acid levels was significant in terms of plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and grain yield at 1% probability level. The difference between salicylic acid levels was significant in all traits measured at 1% level. In the interaction, 1000-seed weight at the probability level of 5% and grain yield were significant at 1% probability level. the highest grain yield was observed in the interaction of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid with 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid with 2666 kg ha-1 And the lowest in control treatment (without the use of naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid) with 874 kg ha-1. the maximum weight of 1000 seeds In the effect of 200 ppm naphthalenic acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid with a weight of 46.8 g and the lowest in the control with 35.4 g. according to these results, application of 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and 2 mM salicylic acid increases the morpho-physiological traits and produced components and is also recommended in the region.

In order to study of the effect of storage duration on some germination and vigor indicators of three wheat cultivars seed in the north of Khuzestan province weather conditions an experiment was conducted at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education center of Safiabad - Dezful in 2021. Experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design by four replications. Experiment factors include: four storage durations, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days and three wheat cultivars, Chamran2, Mehregan and Shabrang. Studied traits include: 1000 seed weight, seed germination rete, mean time and energy, normal seedling percent, seed allometric coefficient and vigor index. Results showed cultivar and storage duration interaction affected all studied traits. Shabrang cultivar seeds stored during 30 days had the most 1000 seed weight and the same cultivars seed stored during 120 days had the lowest normal seedling percent. Mehregan cultivars seed stored during 30 days had the most seed germination rete and energy, normal seedling percent, seed allometric coefficient and vigor index and the lowest mean germination time. Based on seed germination and vigor indicators evaluated by this research, studied wheat cultivars seeds were different for storability and in comparison of other studiec cultivars, Mehregan cultivar seeds had better storability behavior at North of Khuzestan province weather conditions.

Due to study the effect of ascorbate foliar application on photosynthetic pigments, phenols and flavonoids of purslane under salinity stress conditions, an experiment was carried out in 2016 at Islamic Azad University, Yadgar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch and Pakdasht city, as factorial design based on Completely Randomized design with 4 replications, in which salinity stress in 3 levels (0, 70, 140 and 210 mM) and ascorbate foliar application in three levels (0, 10 and 20 mM) were considered. The results showed that except for the simple effect of salinity on flavonoid and phenol and the effect of ascorbate on carotenoids and other effects on evaluated traits were significant. The double interaction effect of experimental factors was significant only on chlorophyll b and carotenoids. Base of the finding the mean  comparison results indicated that foliar spraying of 20 mM ascorbate led to the highest  chlorophyll content, but there was no significant increase in carotenoids. The mean comparison interaction effects demonstrated that 210 mM and non using of ascorbate gained to maximum leaves carotenoids content (0.72 µg/ml), while no use of salinity water and 20 mM of ascorbate solution with µg/ml 4.24 ml produced the highest leaves chlorophyll b.

Plant germination and establishment is one of the challenges of farmers in arid and semi-arid areas, and organic priming is a suitable solution to reduce environmental pollution caused by the use of chemical inputs. For this purpose, a factorial research was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design on the seeds of Lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) in three replications in the seed technology laboratory of the Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. The treatments of this experiment include five levels of priming (chitosan, humic acid, vermicompost, distilled water and control (no prime)) and four levels of drought stress (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 Mpa). The results showed that drought stress decreased the germination percentage, growth, and quality of lemongrass seedlings in non-prime conditions, and as the intensity of drought stress increased, the growth of seedlings decreased. Chitosan, humic acid, and vermicompost priming was more effective than distilled water priming (hydropriming) in increasing germination characteristics and coping with drought stress, and reduced the negative effects of drought stress. Seed priming with the mentioned treatments caused a decrease in proline concentration and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity. Priming with humic acid and vermicompost in non-stress conditions led to 19.52% and 19.93% germination increase in lemon balm respectively, compared to the treatment without priming and 0.9 MPa drought stress conditions.

In order to study the effect of nitrogen rate and cutting numbers on forage quantitative and qualitative characters of field amaranth (Amaranthus hypocondriacus L.) a field experiment was conducted at Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, on 2019 growing season. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in five rates (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg.ha-1) and cutting has two strategies: single harvest (at the beginning of grain filling) and double-cutting (at the beginning of flowering and the beginning of the grain filling). Forage yield and qualitative traits (crude protein, acid detergent fiber, crude fiber and cell wall) were measured at both cutting strategy. The results showed that nitrogen rate had significant effect on quantitative traits and crude protein, and also the effect of cutting on all traits was significant except for LAI and cell wall. Cutting×nitrogen interaction was not significant for any traits, except for dry leaf/stem ratio. Mean comparison showed that 200 kg.ha-1 nitrogen treatment and single-cutting harvest had the highest dry forage yield of 27490 and 27120 kg.ha-1, respectively. Although the highest crude protein percentage was obtained in 400 kg.N.ha-1 treatment and were in same statistical group with 200 kg N.ha-1. Also two- cutting harvest with 15% crude protein was better than single-cutting harvest.

To compare the efficiency of different herbicides in controlling narrow-leaved weeds of rice drying fields of Gilaneh cultivar with the focus on the use of pre-growth and post- growth herbicides, this study was conducted as a block design with 4 replications in Research field of Rasteh, Hashem Abad station was conducted in 2021 crop year. Experimental treatments was Stomp herbicide application (3 liters per hectare), Puma super (1 liters), Puma super (2 liters), nabu-s (2 liters), Propanile (10 liters), Sunrice (100 ml) Penoxsulam (250 ml), Thiobencarb (6 liters), Ronstar (3 liters), Clomazone (1000 ml), Titanium (2 liters). Effect of herbicide application on number of grain clusters, number of clusters square meter, thousand grain weight, fresh and dry weight of rice plant, fresh and dry weight of straw, fresh weight, fresh and dry weight of paddy, number weeds and dry weeds of Sesame, number weeds and dry weeds of wheat, number and dry and fresh weights of weeds of Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus rotundus, purslane, Cucumis melo var. agrestis, Convolvulus arvensis, Fallopia convolvulus, Cleome viscose, Cynodon dactylon and Prosopis farcta were significant. To obtain the highest number of grain clusters, number of clusters square meter, thousand grain rice, yield of rice, fresh and dry weight of paddy, the yield of straw and stubble, the herbicide Pumasuper 2 liters and also to obtain the highest plant weight rice and fresh and dry weight of straw, Ronstar herbicide are recommended.