مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال بیست و یکم شماره 5 (پیاپی 140، آدر و دی 1401)

Serotonin and dopamine are two main neurotransmitters in human body that play an important role in regulating many activities in the body. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 may affect the levels and metabolism of these neurotransmitters in various ways. Therefore, the present study reviews the different mechanisms of the effect of COVID-19 on serotonin and dopamine levels and the complications caused by these changes.

In this review study, a search was condcucted in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to find related articles using the following keywords: “COVID-19”, “SARSCoV- 2”, “serotonin” and “dopamine”.

COVID-19 can alter the serotonin and dopamine levels through various mechanisms, such as reducing the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, reducing the level of amino acids, increasing the level of inflammatory cytokines, reducing the level of vitamins, and binding to monoamine oxidase enzymes. The changes in the level of these neurotransmitters can play an important role in causingsome COVID-19 related complications, such as gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), mental disorders (anxiety, depression, and delirium), and increased inflammation. The use of some drugs that modulate serotonin and dopamine levels can be effective in improving some of the COVID-19 complications.

Some of the complications of COVID-19 may be caused or exacerbated by changes in the levels of serotonin and dopamine. More studies are needed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 and these neurotransmitters.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) have similar clinical andhistopathological features but are with different etiology and treatment. Therefore, their differentiatingis of interest. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in OLP development has been reported in previousstudies, but its role in development of OLLs has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimsto investigate the presence of HPV16 in OLL and OLP.

This retrospective study was performed on 21 paraffin blocks of OLP and 15paraffin blocks of OLL collected from the archive section of the Department of Pathology, Faculty ofDentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan branch in Isfahan, Iran in 2017. For the confirmation of DNAextraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, β-globin gene expression was examinedusing The samples were tested for the presence of HPV16 genome by PCR. Data were analyzed using chisquare,Fisher’s exact test, and independent t-test.

The prevalence of HPV16 was 0% in the OLP group and 6.7% (1 out of 15) in the OLL group.Fisher’s exact test did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).

There is no significant association between HPV16 infection and having OLL and OLP. Furtherstudies with more samples are recommended.

Obesity is one of the chronic diseases that is associated with metabolic disorderssuch as dyslipidemia. This study aims to determine the effect of a Aerobic Aquatic Trainingon bodymass index (BMI), lipid profile, and atherogenic factors in middle-aged obese women.

In the present quasi-experimental study, 30 middle-aged women with a BMIgreater than 30 kg/m2 were randomly divided into two groups of exercise and control. Exercise programincluded six weeks of water aerobics at an intensity of 50-65% of the maximum heart rate (two sessionsper week). Assessments were done during fasting 48 hours before and 48 after the exercise. Dependentt-test and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis.

After the exercise period, a significant decrease in triglyceride (P=0.018) and the ratios of LDL toHDL (P<0.001) and total cholesterol to HDL (P<0.001) was reported as well as a significant increase inHDL, compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in BMI (P=0.098),total cholesterol (P=0.318), and LDL (P=0.634).

Six weeks of water aerobics can improve lipid profile and reduces atherogenic factors inobese women without a significant effect on BMI.

Physical activity under high pressure such as scuba diving can cause oxidativestress. This study aims to investigate the effect of diving at a depth of 10 meters for 20 minutes on serumlevels of antioxidant enzymes in male divers.

In this quasi-experimental study, participants were 6 male divers who were selectedfrom the divers of the Red Crescent rescue team in Yasuj, Iran. First, blood samples were taken fromthe subjects. Then, in less than five minutes, they reached the desired depth (10 meters) and starteddiving for 20 minutes. When they began to come up the surface, they had a safety stop at a depth of 3meters for 5 minutes. When they reached the water surface, blood sampling was performed again immediately.Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of data (P≤0.05).

After diving, a significant increase was reported in serum levels of catalase (P=0.009) and superoxidedismutase-3 (P=0.002), compared to the pre-test phase.

Scuba diving at a depth of 10 meters for 20 minutes increases the serum levels of catalaseand superoxide dismutase-3, which indicates the effect of diving on increasing the activity of antioxidantenzymes.

Diabetes is associated with an increase in inflammatory markers and developmentof atrophy and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that resistance training at appropriateintensity can reduce inflammation generally. This study aims to investigate the effect of a progressiveresistance training (PRT) program on serum concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and insulin-likegrowth factor 1 (IGF-1) and lipid profile in rats with type 1 diabetes.

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats aged 40 days and weighing 250±30g were divided into four groups of healthy control, healthy trained, diabetic control, diabetic trained.Streptozotocin (55 μg/kg per body weight) was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. A 6-weekPRT protocol was performed, including climbing a ladder with weights at three sessions per week (onehour per day), where the load increased by 5% increase each week. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followedby Tukey’s post hoc test. The significance level was set at 0.05.

There was no significant difference in IFN-γ level between the diabetic trained group andother groups (P>0.05). The IGF-1 level in diabetic trained group was significantly lower than in thehealthy control and trained control groups (P=0.002). The ratio of IGF-1/IFN-γ in diabetic trainedgroup was significantly lower than in the trained control (P=0.003) and healthy control (P=0.008)groups. In assessing the lipid profile, the cholesterol level was higher in the diabetic trained groupcompared to the healthy control group (P=0.028). Moreover, triglyceride level was significantlyhigher in the diabetic trained group compared to the diabetic control (P=0.033), trained control(P=0.003) and healthy control (P=0.002) groups.

Six weeks of PRT cannot lead to desired efficacy in diabetic rats compared to non-traineddiabetic rats. However, the small changes such as increased IGF-1 and HDL levels and decreased serumglucose level, can help with the clinical improvement of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Synbiotic foods have beneficial effects on the health. This study aims to evaluatethe survival of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) bacteria in the jelly containing sage seed mucilage andcarrageenan.

In this study, after extracting the mucilage from wild sage seed, its 1% concentrationand 2% sodium alginate (Carrageenan), as an encapsulating material, were used to protect L. caseibacteria. In this regard, five groups of jelly samples were prepared: Carrageenan alone, carrageenan +wild sage seed mucilage, carrageenan+wild sage mucilage+free L. casei, carrageenan+free L. casei, andcarrageenan+carrageenan+encapsulated L. casei. The pH and acidity of the produced jelly samples wereevaluated during 28 days of storage at 4°C.

During 28 days of storage, the log reduction of the logarithmic cycle in the carrageenan+wild sageseed mucilage+encapsulated L. casei group (1.9±0.01) was significantly lower than in the carrageenan +free L. casei group (4.08±0.1). The log number of remaining encapsulated L. casei group bacteria at theend of 28 days was higher than the standard limit (6.65±0.2). The presence of mucilage in the jelly ledto an increase in the viability of free L. casei bacteria (3.09±0.21). In the samples containing free L. caseibacteria, acidity increased and pH decreased significantly during the storage period (P<0.05), while insamples containing encapsulated probiotics, changes in acidity and pH during storage were not significant(P>0.05).

Prebiotic bacteria can survive better in the encapsulated form. The addition of sage seedmucilage, can increases the survival of L. casei bacteria in the jelly during 28 days of storage.

Most digital imaging systems offer a variety of image processing techniques.Due to the importance of the accuracy of these images and their widespread application, this studyaims to evaluate the detection of vertical root fracture (VRF) in indirect digital images by changing theirgamma values.

In this study, 23 extracted teeth were prepared as samples from dental clinicsin Ahvaz, Iran. The radiographs were obtained from the samples before and after VRF induction. Afterroot canal preparation, a very thin disc was used to divide the teeth into two halves in the buccal-lingualdirection to create a VRF. The two halves were re-attached to each other and mounted in in molds filledwith a mixture of plaster and sawdust. After processing the images by adjusting their gamma valuesusing low, medium and high settings, the images were viewed by two radiologists for the presence orabsence of VRF.

In all three modes of gamma adjustment, the sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of imageswere high and there was no significant difference between the three modes.

The high gamma for digital images can used to as a filter to detect VRF. The images with mediumand low gamma values are less helpful for detecting VRF

Up to 25% of children with epilepsy experience resistance to treatmentand recurrence of seizures and have low quality of life (QoL) in various dimensions. Limited evidence isavailable on the QoL of the parents of these patients in the south of Iran. Therefore, this study aims toevaluate the QoL of parents with children having refractory epilepsy in Ahvaz, Iran

Using a sequential sampling method, 157 parents of 113 children with refractoryepilepsy who referred to the neurology clinic of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz city during 2009-2016 wereselected to participate in the study. The 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) was used to assess theQoL of parents. The significance level of statistical tests was set at 0.05.

The mean age of parents was 35.2±8.5 years and the mean age of children was 7.1±2.6 years. Of157 parents, 98 (62.4%) were mothers and the rest were fathers. The children had seizures for 3.1±1.6years. The mean score of SF-36 was 62.6±21.4. In all domains of the SF-36, mothers had significantlylower scores than fathers (P<0.000).

The QoL of parents with children having resistant epilepsy, especially their mothers, in Ahvazis lower compared to the general population of Iranian

Considering the existence of many medicinal plants in Iran and the high prevalenceof oral candidiasis, the present study aims to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Nepeta crispa L.and Nepeta cataria extracts on Candida albicans growth.

After preparing the extracts of two plants, their minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) for C albicans were measured by broth microdilutionmethod. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was evaluated by the disk diffusion method and measuringthe diameter of inhibition zone. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22. The significant levelwas set at 0.05.

The MIC of N. crispa L. and N. cataria extracts was 1.1 and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively. Their MLC was4 and 6 μg/mL, respectively. The highest inhibition zone diameter was for nystatin (21.31 mm), while thelowest diameter was for N. cataria extract (11.60 mm). No. significant difference was observed in theinhibition zone diameter between nystatin and N. crispa L. extract (P>0.05).

The inhibitory effect of N. crispa L. extract on the candida albicans growth is not significantlydifferent from the effect of nystatin. Although N. cataria extract has inhibitory effect, its effect is significantlylower than the effect of nystatin.

In addition to physical problems, patients with cancer suffer from psychologicaland social problems caused by the disease, which may affect their quality of life. This study aims toinvestigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on psychological well-being of patients withcancer in Ahvaz, Iran.

This study was conducted with a pre-test/post-test design. The study populationconsists of all patients with cancer in Ahvaz City in 2021, of whom 45 were randomly selected andrandomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. To collect data, the short form ofpsychological well-being scale developed by Ryff (2002) with 18 items was used. rated on a 6-pointLikert scale, from completely disagreeing (1 point) to completely agreeing (6 points). The interventiongroup underwent CBT, but no treatment was provided to the control group. Data were analysed in SPSSsoftware , version 22, using analysis of covariance.

The results showed that CBT had a significant effect on the psychological well-being of patients(P>0.05).

The CBT can be used to improve the psychological well-being of patients with cancer in Ahvazand consequently improve their mental health.

Cervical burnout is a diffuse radiolucent area in cervical region of proximal surface of posterior teeth.. This phenomenon can mimic interproximal caries and cause irreversible loss of unaffected tooth structure (false positive). Panoramic radiography is most common radiography and bitewing radiography is most useful radiography for caries diagnosis. The purpose of present study is assessment of accommodation of panoramic and digital bitewing radiography in cervical burnout diagnosis.

In this epidemiological analytic study bitewing and panoramic imagesof 43 patients (172fist and second maxillary molars) referred to the private clinic of maxillofacial radiology in ahvaz city for presence and absence of cervical burnout in interproximal areas of first and second maxillary molars was evaluated . The data were analyzed using MacNemar tests on SPSS software.

Comparison result of panoramic and digital bitewing radiography in cervical burnout diagnosis according to Mac Nemar test shows significant differences in mesial and distal surface of maxillary left first molar, mesial surface of maxillary left second molar and distal surface of maxillary right second molar. While there is no significant differences in mesial and distal surface of maxillary right first molar, distal surface of maxillary left second molar and mesial surface of maxillary right second molar.

This Study has shown panoramic radiography shows more amount of cervical burnout comparing to bitewing radiography. Accordingly panoramic radiography is not a reliable source to diagnosis of interproximal caries.Keywords: panoramic , bitewing, maxillary molar, cervical burn out

The article "Referral to the patient for permission to receive treatment" is one of the articles on jurisprudential maps and medical law. The subject matter of the present study is not limited in scope to the patient's initial objection, inability to express the patient's consent, or satisfaction; Rather, the argument for the patient's recourse to permission with a general approach is based on the acquittal of the physician and the hospital or their guarantee,

The researcher uses a descriptive-analytical method to strengthen the legal structure of doctors and hospital managers and with a new insight into the second paragraph of Article 308 BC, intends not to refuse treatment by a doctor if the patient consents to the previous permission,

Physician liability and penal policies towards those whose sole purpose is to treat patients are far from fair; Therefore, by reviewing the laws and replacing the civil liability of the government, we can strengthen the responsible, feeling and committed medical community.

As a result, doctors have cited the reasons for preventing self-harm and the prohibition of induction of death, the rule of medicine and the moral responsibility of the physician for not referring the patient after the initial (former) permission;, patients, by arguing for self-domination. Therefore, it is appropriate for the legislator to remove the government's liability for the physician's actions or for not seeking permission from the contract to resolve disputes over the physician's discharge or guarantee.