نشریه علوم و فناوری بذر ایران
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، پاییز 1402)

Salinity stress is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth, which has a negative effect on seed germination, poor product quality and plant yield. Halopriming, soaking seeds in salt solution and a treatment before cultivation and as one of the priming methods, increases the germination and uniform greening of seeds under adverse environmental conditions. To study the effect of different levels of halopriming on the germination characteristics of the medicinal plant salvia aegyptiaca under salt stress, a factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications was performed in the seed technology laboratory of the faculty of Natural Resources of Tarbiat Modares University in 2021. In this experiment, the first factor includes different levels of halopriming with four levels (0, 80, 150 and 250 mM) of NaCl solution and the second factor includes different levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) was investigated and different traits including germination percentage, germination rate, average time of germination, root length, shoot length and seed germination index were evaluated. Results showed that seed priming positively affected on all germination characteristics in such a way that it created a significant difference in all growth characteristics. The highest seed germination percentage (91.33) was obtained in 80 mM priming treatment and no stress conditions. In this study, the increase in salinity stress caused a significant decrease in the percentage of seed germination, and in the conditions of salinity stress, seed halopriming effectively reduced the effects of salinity stress

In order to evaluate the genetic purity and originality of three common commercial cotton cultivars (Varamin, Khordad and Bakhtegan) using morphological characteristics and microsatellite markers, the seeds of these cultivars along with pure lines in the field in a two-year randomized complete block design with four replications two methods of field growth test (GOT) and microsatellite markers were tested. The results of the GOT test showed that the pure samples of the cultivars were different from the off-type and non-pure samples in 7 morphological characteristics, and these traits, which are not influenced by the environment, can be used as a key to identify the desired cultivar. In the molecular test, out of 7 markers, 3 pairs were selected due to their resolution and the number of effective alleles (DPL431, DPL0513, and CIR246). Due to the similarity of the results of GOT methods and microsatellite markers and due to the high cost of the molecular method, this method can be used as a quick, case-by-case and complementary method to determine the genetic purity percentage of cultivars.

Seed germination is a critical stage in plant life. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses in plants that makes it difficult for the germination stage of many plants. In order to investigate the effect of priming seeds of basil (Genovese cv.) with amino acid on germination characteristics of seeds under salinity stress, an experiment was conducted a factorial based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in the physiology and medicinal plants laboratory of the Faculty of Dr. Shariati Technical and Vocational College of Tehran (TVU). The Experimental treatments included levels of salinity (0, 3, 6 and 9 ds/m) and priming of seed basil with amino acid (L-cysteine) at three concentrations of 0, 100 and 200 µM. Salinity stress had a significant and decreasing effect on all measures of traits. Priming of seeds with amino acid had a significant effect on all investigated traits except coefficient of allometry (CA) and reduced the effects of salinity stress. Germination percentage did not decrease significantly up to, salinity of 3 dS/m, but at 6 and 9 dS/m salinity reduced by 8 and 41%, respectively, compared with control treatment. Amino acid increased the seed germination rate up to 100 µM at 6 dS/m of salinity, but it was not effective at 9 dS/m. Seed priming with 200 µM amino acid had the highest length of radicle (28.2 mm), which was 19% higher than the control treatment.

To investigate the effect of different stages of seed maturity at the time of harvest, on emergence indices, physiological and functional characteristics of borage, the seeds of maternal plant were used and an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The experimental treatment was the different stages of maturation of the seeds of the maternal plants at the time of harvesting, which were harvested from the maternal plants at three times (23, 32 and 38 days after flowering). The results showed that the effect of maturation stages at the time of seed harvesting from maternal plants on all measured traits (emergence indices, photosynthetic pigments of chlorophyll, secondary metabolites and grain yield components) was significant. The seeds obtained from the second stage of seed harvesting (32 days after flowering), due to the favorable maturation of seeds, with an increase in the percentage and rate of germination, improvement in the growth and rapid establishment of the plants, an increase in the amount of photosynthetic pigments of chlorophyll and the formation of a favorable plant density in the field, compared to the two masses of seeds obtained from the first and third stages of seed harvesting, had the greatest effect on increasing flower yield, grain yield, 1000-seed weight and other components of Grain yield. The highest amount of phenol and flavonoid was observed at the time of planting the seeds with harvest time 38 days after flowering,

Camelina oilseed has a lot of ability to be placed in the cultivation pattern of Iran's drylands. The seed germination and seedling establishment in dryland agriculture are usually exposed to drought stress. The aim of this study is to investigate the application effect of silicon concentrations in improving the seed germination characteristics and seedling growth of camelina under drought-stress conditions. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on CRD with three replications at the seed laboratory of Razi University. The factors include camelina genotypes (Sohail and Line-84), drought stress (0, -3, -6, -9 bar using PEG-6000) and silicon (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM using sodium silicate). According to the results, increasing the drought stress decreased the seed germination characteristics and the seedling growth. However, germination percentage, germination rate, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor indices and allometric coefficient of plumule to radicle weight were increased by silicon. To increase the measured traits, silicon 6 and 8 mM were better than other concentrations. In general, silicon was effective in mitigating the effects of drought stress on the seedling growth of camelina by improving the seed germination characteristics and seedling growth. Therefore, it seems that the silicon is an effective factor in such studies and its usability in camelina seed technology and seed coating for dryland areas.

This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of different organs of Zygophyllum eurypterum on the growth and germination indices of Triticum aestivum and Acroptilon repens. The test treatments included aqueous extracts of Zygophyllum in concentrations of 5,10 and 15% of roots, aerial organs and control. The results showed that with increasing extract concentration, the growth traits and total chlorophyll of both investigated plants significantly decreased. In such a way that the highest and lowest inhibition rates were associated with 15%aerial organs extract and 5%root extract, respectively, but the antioxidant activity of Wheat and Acroptilon increased with increasing levels of root and stem extract of Zygophyllum. The highest level of aerial organs Zygophyllum in Wheat reduced the germination rate by 77.12% compared to the control. However, the germination of Acroptilon seeds completely stopped at the levels of 10 and 15% of aerial organs. By increasing the aerial organs extract concentration to 15%; root length decreased by 49.2% and 52.9% in Acroptilon and in Wheat respectively. The highest amount of antioxidant activity was observed at the level of 15% of aerial organs in both plants, and among this, Acroptilon had more antioxidant activity with 70.32%. Most of the traits including germination percentage, root length and stem length,in Acroptilon weed, were more sensitive to the allelopathic effects of Zygophyllum extract compared to Wheat Based on the results the aerial organs extract of Zygophyllum were more capable to dealing with germination and seedling growth than the root extract.