نشریه پژوهشهای روان شناختی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of inhibitory control cognitive rehabilitation on hot executive functions: risky decision making and time perception in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population includes male and female students between 7 and 12 years old in elementary schools of Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021 who were suffering from attention deficit/ hyperactiv ity disorder. Among them, 30 students were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. The SNAP-IV Questionnaire, the Computerized Task Risk Analogue Balloon (BART) and the Time Reproduction Computer Task were used to collect information. For data analysis, using SPSS24 software, variance analysis method with repeated measurements was used. The results showed that there is difference in the perfor-mance of the experimen tal group and the control group in the components of: risky decision making and time perception for long-term intervals (P<0.05). However, compared to the control group, no significant difference was shown between the time reproduction component for short-term intervals in the experimental group. According to the results structured games aimed at enhancing interference inhibition and responding can improve hot executive functions, risky decision making and time perception (long-term intervals) in students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of the present study was to systematically reviewing studies related to academic procrastination to identify a model and theoretical framework. This re-search was a secondary study and according to the implementation method was consi-dered as a systematic review. By searching in valid data-bases and studies that have dealt with the issue of academic pro-crastination from various aspects in the period of 2001-2021 and based on the PRISMA method, after identifying 1645 ar-ticles and screening 154 articles, among them 43 articles were selected for review.The results showed that predictors and correlators of academic procrastination were classified in five psychological approaches including: personality, contextual-environmental, cogni-tive- neuro-logical, emotional, and motiva-tional-volitional and categorized by internal and external consequences. The results of this classification led to the presentation of a comprehensive theoretical framework entitled the "Pentagon model of academic procrastin-ation" in which the inter-action between approaches and outcomes were emphasised. Based on these results, practical and research suggestions were provided for further research in the field of academic procrastination (passive and active(.

The aim of this study was to validate or determine the psychometric properties of the Reflection Function Questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included all students of Payam Noor universities in West Azerbaijan (Miandoab, Shahindej, Bukan, Urmia) and Tabriz who were studying in the academic year 2017-2018. Among them, 570 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, and answered the 8-question Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ). The collected data was randomly divided into two equal parts (n=285) for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results obtained from exploratory factor analysis with principal components and oblimin rotation showed a two-factor structure which were named certainty and uncertainty. The amount of eigenvalue for certainty and uncertainty were 2.04 and 1.39, respectively. Also, the first factor (certainty) and the second factor (uncertainty) explained 25.56 and 13.42 percent of the variance of scores. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the bifactor structure (χ2=76.12, df=48, P=0.01; GFI=0.98; AGFI=0.96; CFI=0.98; RMSEA=0.03). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for factors were 0.78 and 0.76, respectively. In addition, the retest results for certainty and uncertainty factors were 0.76 and 0.73, respectively, and the composite reliability index for these two factors were 0.88 and 0.86, respectively. The results of Pearson's correlation to examine convergent validity with attachment styles and Emotion regulation difficulty showed that there is a significant relationship between these variables at the 0.01 level. Also, using the Fornell and Locker index, the discriminant validity of RFQ was confirmed. According to the obtained results, the validity and reliability of the Persian version of RFQ can be confirmed .

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether career construction coun-seling brings about qualitative changes in the future career autobiography of ninth grade female students. The statistical population consisted of all 9th grade female students in Isfahan city. Among them 54 students were selected by available sampling method who were randomly assigned to the experimental and the control group. The group-based intervention was performed in the experimental group in 8 sessions. Data as collected by using Future Career Autobiography FCA (Rehfuss, 2009) and as analyzed by performing Chi-square test, phi correlation coefficnarrative thematic analysis. The results of the Chi Square test showed that the difference between the experimental group and the control group was significant in terms of the number of changes in the future career autobiography (P<0.05). The results of narra-tive thematic analysis also showed that career construction counseling created narrative chan-ges in students' future career autobiography.ient, and

In self-report questionnaires, possess social desirability bias can be seen. Then, assessing and controlling social desirability is one of the methods to promote the findings based from such questionnaires. One of the most popular instruments that assesses this bias is 13-items Marlowe-Crowne Social Desir-ability Scale (MCSDS; Reynolds, 1982). How-ever, the Persian version of it does not have satisfactory reliability. In this study, using data from some previous studies among university students (N=1439) and data from a longitudinal study among them (N=90), the scale was re-validated. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlation bet-ween items and total score, discrimination of the items, relaiability by internal consistency method and examinaing the criterion validity by compairing annony-mouse and named questionaires, all were done among the first testing sample. In addition, test-retest reliability testing was done on the longitudinal study. Explanatory factor analysis has shown that the scale consists of three factors. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor model among the entire sample. Howevere, focusing on the meaning factor leaded ambiguity for naming of the items at any factor leaded ambiguity for naming the factors. In addition, criterion validity, internal consis-tency, and stability of the factors, also discrimi-nation of the items, all questioned the reliability and the validity of the first and the third factors. It seems that they assess another things than social desirability. By omitting the first and the third factors, seven items were remained that are suitable to assess social desirability bias for the studies that use self-report questionairs.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and craving for consumption with predicting people's return to stimulants with the mediation of self-control. This research was method descriptive-correlative. The statistical population of this research included all people who used stimulants, hospitalized in care centers in Tehran in 1400 (2019). For sample selection, 250 persons were randomly selected based on the structural modeling formula. In order to collect information, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, Franken's Substance Craving, Wright's Substance Return Prediction and Tanji's Self-Control Scales were used. The analysis of the research data, using the path analysis method, showed that there is a positive and significant relationship (P<0.01) between perceived stress and predicting return to stimulants with the mediation of self-control and between drug craving and predicting return to stimulants with The mediation of self-control. Also, there were a negative and significant relationship (P<0.01) between self-control and predicting return to stimulants. Thus, it can be concluded that with increase in perceived stress and the urge to use, the return to use of stimulants increases and the amount of self-control decreases, and with decrease of self-control, the return to use of stimulants increases.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of schema therapy on eating styles and happy child and healthy adults Modes modes in obese people with binge eating disorder. The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a single case structure of ABA type. The statistical population of the study included obese women suffering from binge eating disorder who referred to a slimming clinic in Tehran in 2014-2016. The study sample consisted of eight obese women according to the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included the Dutch Eating Styles Questionnaire (1986), the Young Schema Modes Questionnaire (2008) and a semi-structured interview. Schema therapy was implemented in form of 20 90-minute group sessions and 4 additional 45-minute individual sessions. The participants were evaluated 3 times in the baseline phase, 10 times in the intervention phase, and 8 weeks after the intervention, they were followed up 4 times every 2 weeks using the measurement tool. In order to analyze the data, the participants' scores were collected individually during the three stages of baseline, ten stages of intervention and four stages of follow-up, and then by using the trend chart and interpreting the ups and downs of the scores. Participants were visually analyzed in different stages of baseline, intervention and follow-up. Then, by using the effect size indices, the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), and the percentage of improvement and the valid change index (RCI), the effectiveness of the treatment was determined. The findings showed that in most of the participants, in the intervention stage compared to the baseline stage the scores of efficient modes; The happy child and healthy adult had an upward and increasing trend. For all the participants, The scores of emotional eating styles all people and external for most of them, and inhibited eating styles also had a downward and decreasing trend. Also, the RCI index scores indicated the stability of schema therapy results in the follow-up phase.

A lot of research has studied couple satisfaction, but little attention has been devoted to the nature and measurement of flourishing couple relationships. On the other hand, current scales that measure relationship quality are lacking in sensitivity at the upper end of the assessment continuum which hinders progress towards understanding couple flourishing and measuring it. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to translate and study the factorial structure adaptability of The Couple Flouri-shing Measure (CFM) among Iranian samples. The statistical population of the present study consisted of married teachers of Zanjan province in 2022 among them, 429 teachers were selected by convenience sampling method. The findings of the parallel analysis, MAP test and the exploratory graph analysis in this study indicated a single factor structure of the CFM. Moreover, the outputs of the bootstrap analysis to check the stability of the factor structure confirmed the unidimensiona-lity of the CFM. Analyzes based on the Item-Response theory confirmed the fit of the items with the graded response model and the slope of the items indicated the discriminating power of all questions which shows that all items had information. Furthermore, the analysis based on the Item-Response theory proved that all three forms of the CFM, respectively from long form to short form, provide the highest amount of information which indicated the approp-riateness of short forms among the samples studied too. The fit indices, Alpha statistic, composite reliability and AVE index in all three forms of the CFM were proper both in the whole sample and by gender. The square root of AVE index in the whole sample was equal to .826 which indicated the establishment of discrimi-nant validity on the construct level. The results related to the invariance of the factor structure based on gender in the long form in four models: configural, metric, scalar, and strict models showed that the invariance is maintain-ed in all models. The couple flourishing variable had significant relationships with other variables studied in this research which indicated the convergent and divergent validity of the CFM. The findings of the present study proved that the CFM has good reliability and validity and is compatible with the cultural norms of Iranian society.