نشریه پژوهش های نقد ادبی و سبک شناسی
پیاپی 46 (زمستان 1400)

Jung Sharaf is a collection containing the poems of poets from the 5th century to the end of the 10th century, written by Abd al-Rahman bin Sharaf. This collection can be divided into several parts, firstly, the sonnets written by poets of the 9th and especially the 10th century. Another part of this collection includes Jami's sonnets, which have been included in the edition in a special way due to the scribe's attention to Jami, and the final part contains the poem of Yusuf and Zulikhai Jami. The importance of this war lies in the choices of the writer, who has the poetic taste of the 10th century people in his heart, the existence of poets that we do not know about, examples of special poems, including a poem with an Indian line, and examples of this kind have added to the importance of the topic. . In this research, we try to examine this war from the point of view of stylistics and literary criticism and to analyze the writer's perspective in the selection of poems.

Speaking to the audience in Sayeri quatrains
This study examines the address and its forms in Sayeri quatrains. Although the literary form of the quatrain does not play a significant role compared to the sonnets in sayeri divans, it is important because he has expressed part of his feelings and insights in this literary form. The purpose of this research is to introduce this anonymous poet in the mirror of his quatrains. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. The result shows that most sayeri quatrains begin with addressing God, self, praiseworthy, non-human, singer and their punishment, and to express their meaning and purpose, they use commanding, forbidding and informing the audience along with incitement, warning, and rebuke.

Influenced by the views of Jung and Freud, Joseph Campbell presented the archetype of the hero's journey to show that the hero's journey in the narrative-epic stories of different nations usually follows a fixed pattern. According to him, this model consists of three stages of separation, arrival and return, which is called the nucleus of a single myth. The aim of the present study is to determine the extent of Zal's miraculous childhood journey in Ferdowsi Shahnameh with this model. To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources, archetypes of Zal myth were studied with a focus on the theory of the hero's journey "by Joseph Campbell. The results of this study indicate the adaptation of this journey to the mentioned pattern, Although a small part of Campbell's pattern in this myth has been displaced or does not exist due to the hero's miraculous childhood journey

Shadow is the of Jungian archetypes. Archetype has an ancient and eternal concept. And it considers as the common language among all human beings. Archetype places in collective unconscious. Shadow is the sinner and unprocessed dimension of us that deals whit our defects and incompleteness. Also it is origin of creation and prosperity. Archetypes specially shadow usually appears in dream s or creative work of literature. In some parts of forough's poems we can see the traes of shadow. Chehre ye shegeft (the amazing face) has features of shadow. Forough e this rejected and ruined face that had no clear appearance at night and talked to it, and the shadow took the chance for telling the truth that always been hidden.

Īhām is among the most pleasant literary devices and the best way to express social woes and a medium through which to express discontent, albeit conservatively, in societies under authoritarian rule. Hafiz extensively employed this rhetorical embellishment to criticize the tumultuous situation, not least in his Ghazals. Relying on the descriptive-analytical method, this inquiry delves into the īhām-loaded poetry of Hafiz aimed at social and political issues. It will shed light on the influence of Mongol invasion of Persia and the dominance of Genghis Khan’s successors in the Hafiz’s poetry. It also identifies the most prominent instances of īhām with socio-political function in his poetry. The results suggest that the best part of social and political īhāms is aimed at the corrupt establishment, principal among them the hypocrite Mongol rulers. As well, two types of īhām were used more frequently than the other ones: tanāsub and mujarrad.

The history of women’s style in the form and content of story writing, is as long as their writings. Fiction was, and still is, a suitable institution for the expression of effeminate emotions and thoughts. Some female artists, through the means of art, aimed for the truth, and some, artistically, took popular taste as the means to reflect reality. In this study, one of the bestseller popular novels, The Dalan-e Behesht by Nazi Safavi from the category of poplar novels, and Tooba Va Ma nay-e Shab written by Shahrnoush Parsipour, in genre of sublime novels, are selected. The reflection of the time’s culture and the narration of the atmosphere of imposed or self-imposed limitations in form and content, with regards to love and misogynistic themes, women’s behavior in the face of violence and helplessness and their impact on the heroine’s path of growth, are analyzed.