International Journal of Medical Reviews
Volume:10 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

Extra-intestinal signs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can reach a site as far as oral cavity. The oral cavity manifestations of IBDs are many and more likely missed by the general practitioners and gastroenterologists. IBD comprises of many chronic states occurring at different locations along the digestive system. The two most important conditions under the umbrella term IBD are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Both the conditions are associated with chronic inflammation but can lead to acute flare ups. CD occurs anywhere along the digestive tract but mostly affects small intestine, whereas UC exclusively occurs in the large intestine. IBD is considered as a multifaceted disorder with involvement of genetics, immune system, and environmental factors. IBD in addition to the anticipated gastrointestinal signs may have extra-intestinal manifestations in the range of 6% to 47%. IBD manifests with diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, blood in stools, and production of cytokines, free radicals and proteolytic enzymes that cause inflammation and ulcerations.The most common extra-intestinal sites affected in IBD are skin, biliary tract, eyes and joints. IBD can manifest in oral cavity also and sometimes the signs appear in mouth even before the disease manifests in the intestines. It is important to recognize and refer such cases for timely diagnosis of IBD and necessary treatments.

Cardiac catheterization is one of the major diagnostic procedures in CADs involving examination of the right or left part of the heart and the coronary arteries. The present study aimed to systematically review the best time to leave the bed with superior care efficacy and minimum complications. Google Scholar, Pub Med, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched to obtain the relevant articles. All the clinical trial studies that mentioned all three clinical trial indices, including randomization, control, and intervention groups, were included. Nine RCT papers accounting for 2242 subjects were systematically reviewed. The rest time in bed varied from 2 to 24h. The sandbag's weight in the angiography catheter insertion site ranged from 2.3 to 4.5 kg. All studies revealed that despite decreasing the post-angiography bed hospitalization duration, early ambulation caused no significant difference in the emergence and severity of the angiography-induced complication (hematoma and hemorrhage) in the intervention group compared to the control group. The pain severity difference between the intervention and control groups was statistically addressed in some studies, and the results indicated that the reduction of hospitalization duration managed to decline the pain severity in the intervention group significantly. This review study suggests that the patients can leave the bed 2-4 h after the procedure, which can reduce low back pain and urinary complications.

Access to healthcare technologies like computed tomography (CT) is essential for diagnosing and treating both non-communicable diseases and communicable diseases, especially in low-resource settings. Unfortunately, there is limited information available globally, and even less so in Zimbabwe, regarding local imaging resources. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to review the current state of CT services in Zimbabwe, to identify the opportunities and challenges presented. The review reveals that access to CT services in Zimbabwe is hindered by various factors. These include the high costs associated with purchasing and maintaining CT scanners, a shortage of certified manpower, a lack of postgraduate CT courses, inadequate information, and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure, insufficient research, an inconsistent supply of consumables, and a lack of integrated support for CT services. To address these issues, a multifaceted approach will be necessary. This could involve investing in postgraduate training programs and recognizing the skills acquired by radiographers. Additionally, investing in equipment and ICT infrastructure will be crucial in supporting CT services. Providing ongoing education for radiographers and radiologists will help ensure a sufficient number of trained personnel. Establishing centers of reference, allocating funds for the purchase ofnew equipment, and maintaining existing CT equipment can significantly improve the availability of these services.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is positioned as the third most widespread form of cancer on a global scale, affecting both males and females. Furthermore, it holds the unfortunate title of being the second leading cause of deaths associated with cancer, and it remains the primary contributor to mortality in cases of gastrointestinal cancer. CRC specifically affects the colon and rectum, resulting from the abnormal growth of glandular epithelial cells in the colon. CRC treatment options encompass a range of interventions such as surgical procedures, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and additional modalities. However, these treatments often come with side effects that can make the patient's journey exhausting. Therefore, there is a pressing need for new treatment approaches that can minimize these side effects. In recent years, oncolytic viruses have gained substantial attention from researchers as a promising approach in the field of cancer treatment. However, there have been obstacles to overcome, such as the immune system's interference, preventing the oncolytic virus from functioning effectively and neutralizing it before it reaches the tumor. To address this challenge, a carrier is required to ensure safe delivery of the virus to the tumor site. Mesenchymal cells have emerged as potential candidates for facilitating virus transmission due to their favorable properties as carriers. In this article, we delve into the application of mesenchymal cells as carriers for Newcastle Oncolytic Virus in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Our objective through this research is to make significant contributions to the advancement of novel and enhanced methodologies in combating this particular disease.

The SARS COVID-19 outbreak is the most significant catastrophe to strike humanity in this century. There has been a significant impact on health, society, and finances for all nations, regardless of whether they are categorized as first, second, or third world. As a matter of fact, many accepted that India will confront a rage because of SARS Corona virus, given its size of populace, diversity and its situation in world as per the positions designated in view of monetary development, social file. This perspective mini review discusses India’s experience with SARS COVID-19, the vagueness in the control of cases, rummaging news, the responsibility, obliviousness and the veracity of medical service experts and wellbeing associations the, negligence for social setting in the spread of the sickness, and its' confidence in the disease's control. The safety measures to prevent COVID-19 were dominated by the public personal priorities resulting in surge of cases. The typical nature of SARS COVID-19 is demonstrated by the peak time of emergence of cases and deaths depicted in the line graph. Neglecting the assessment of opportunities, skills, and motivation of public may not result in positive outcomes in disease prevention and treatment. When the public considers that the perceived cost exceeds the threat appraisal, preventative measures may suffer setbacks.

A feature of English for Medical Purpose (EMP) teachers which is directly related to their teaching quality and its outcomes is their fairness in educational settings. This study aimed at exploring EMP teachers' and Medical students’ perceptions of classroom fairness. This qualitative study included EMP teachers and medical students. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group included 15 (10 males and 5 females) EMP teachers who were selected through snowball sampling. The second group consisted of 30 (15 males and 15 females) medical students who were selected through available sampling from different virtual groups in WhatsApp or Telegram. To collect the data, a Demographic Information Scale, an Open-ended Teacher Questionnaire, an Open-ended Learner Questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview were utilized. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis using MAXQDA software. The teacher’s equal help, care, emotion, and attention to the students and obliging all students to observe the rules of the classroom should be observed to have fairness in the classroom context. Furthermore, shortage of time and facilities; financial problems; low language proficiency of students; students’ unwillingness, and demotivation to learn are important challenges that EMP teachers encounter in the classroom. It conclusion, EMP teachers’ and medical students’ perceptions of classroom fairness share some themes which mainly turn around students and their rights. The results have some implications for EMP teachers, learners, teacher educators, curriculum planners, and researchers.