مجله کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور در برنامه ریزی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 52، تابستان 1402)

Flood is one of the most important natural disasters in Iran. Floods carry adverse effects such as life and financial risk in the years to come, as floods are more likely to occur and also because population growth is likely to result in more people settling in flood-vulnerable areas. Monitoring and revealing flooded areas has a lot of function in managing the crisis and reducing the damages of the areas in case of the possibility of future floods. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to monitor and detect the flood event of 1398 in Lorestan province using satellite data in Google Earth Engine system. This system can be used to process and analyze flood maps without the need to download data or use high computing hardware. In this article, the time series data of TRMM and GPM satellites were extracted for the period of one year and one month of Farvardin 1398 and showed that the peak of heavy rainfall was on the 5th and 12th of Farvardin. Images related to the detection of flooded areas were also produced and analyzed using the data of Sentinel 1 and Landsat 8 satellites. The spatial survey of the flood areas in the relevant images shows that the cities of Noorabad, Al-Shatar, Borujerd, Durood, Azna and Khorramabad were the most and most prone to flood areas in Lorestan province and were more affected by floods than other cities. Also, the surface area of flooded areas for April 2018 in Lorestan province was estimated as 673.82 square kilometers. Finally, the results of land cover studies showed that the advance of flood was more in areas with grasslands, agricultural lands and urban and built areas.

Good urban governance is a new theory, the implementation of which realizes the field of sustainable development in the society. In the corona situation, with the experience that all kinds of democratic and non-democratic governments showed in managing affairs, apparently, the most successful way of governance appeared from countries where women were at the top of the government and made decisions for themselves and others. Since women always have multiple roles, even in crises, they have a more effective role in facing and managing it. The city of Semnan has faced issues in the field of urban management and governance during the corona and post-corona period. The purpose of this article is the role of good urban governance in the era of Corona and post-corona, considering the position of women in Semnan. The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in nature. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and information of this research. The statistical population of the current research is the citizens of Semnan with a population of 216,578 people, and the sample size is calculated using Cochran's formula to be equal to 383 people. In order to analyze the data, to test the hypotheses, one-sample t-tests, multivariate linear regression, and Pearson's correlation were used, and to generalize the results from the sample to the statistical population, the structural equation modeling method was used by Lisrel software. The findings have shown that the quality of governance in Semnan and the position of women in the era of Corona and post-corona are in unfavorable conditions in Semnan and they are weak. The results of the sample T-Tech test have shown that the state of the aspects of good urban governance in Semnan city and the position of women in it is not in a good situation. Finally, the results of the investigations show; It is not possible to hope for the realization of good urban governance without the practical definition and explanation of the special position of women as half of the city's citizens and one of the most influential groups in the administration of city affairs.

As the most complex human-made system, the city faces a wide range of risks, including natural risks such as earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, etc. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the natural hazards of Ilam city with the approach of economic, organizational (institutional) and environmental resilience. The current research is survey and analytical in terms of collecting data and information. Also, this research is based on the purpose of applied type. The statistical population of the citizens of Ilam city is 384 people and the urban planning officials are 30 people. According to the main purpose of the research, to get quantitative research information, a questionnaire was designed based on the opinions of the elites and urban planning professors. One-sample t-test was used for data analysis in SPSS software. Considering that the urban areas of Ilam are evaluated in this research, the urban areas of Ilam are ranked using the multi-criteria decision-making model of Vicor based on the level of resilience from economic, organizational (institutional) and environmental dimensions. The results of the economic resilience survey showed that region 3 is the most resilient region of Ilam city and 50% of the regions are relatively resilient economically and have a better situation in terms of economic resilience. The results of the organizational resilience survey showed that Region 3 is the most resilient region of the city and 75% of the regions were relatively resilient in terms of organization. Among these regions, only region two has a low organizational (institutional) resilience. The results of the environmental resilience survey showed that region 3 is the most resilient region of the city and 50% of the regions were relatively resilient in terms of environment. Among these regions, only region one lacks resilience from an environmental point of view

Along with the ever-increasing urban population, the amount of construction in the city space has been developed. The development of construction in the horizontal space and regardless of the existing restrictions has led to environmental, economic and legal problems for the citizens. Achieving the amount, intensity and direction of construction development from the past to the present and predicting the construction situation in the future is the first step towards the scientific and practical management of the physical development of urban construction, planning and providing suitable solutions in order to create a balance between allocation Spatial-spatial construction and all kinds of legal, economic and environmental considerations. Data and information extracted from satellite images, while showing the historical changes of urban construction, are used as the main, necessary and necessary input data for models to predict its future state. In this research, satellite images of TM, ETM+ and OLI sensors of Landsat satellite were used in the time periods of 1997-2007 and 2007-2017 related to the city of Sari. After performing geometrical corrections, city area maps were prepared. Then, by using the effective parameters in urban construction changes, using the Cellular Automata(CA) Markov Model, the accuracy of the simulations was checked. Finally, for validation, the simulated maps and the ground reality map were matched with each other. The simulation of the construction development process in 2027 using the CA-Markov model showed that if the existing management regulations continue, this area will decrease from 4617.90 hectares in 2017 to 4357.44 hectares in 2027. But the examination of change maps and stability maps showed that new areas will be under construction between 2017 and 2027, which were mainly used for agriculture and barren land.

Rivers are one of the few natural phenomena that, despite the countless damages they have caused to humans since a long time ago, due to their special impact on human life and the formation of civilizations, humans have always been called to the lands along the river. In Iran, due to its large size, multiple climates, and temporal and spatial density of rains in most watersheds, huge floods have been witnessed in most regions of the country every year, many of which cause a lot of human and financial losses.

In this research, 10 km long stretches of the Ker River (downstream of the Chamriz Hydrometric Station) were selected, and after preparing the statistics of the maximum instantaneous discharge of the river in two states before and after the construction of the Molla Sadra Dam, the effect of the construction of the dam on the river flow Checked out. Then, taking into account the river discharge per discharge with a return period of 25 years for two situations before and after the construction of the dam, the permanent flow model of the mentioned river was prepared by HEC-RAS software and then compared with each other. In the following, based on discharge with a return period of 25 years after the construction of the dam, the Manning roughness coefficient was changed to 50% of the initial value and the HEC-RAS model was implemented again. The construction of the said dam has caused some parameters such as water level, water flow speed, water flow area, flow rate in the river and also the flood of its plains to decrease.

The results of the sensitivity analysis of some parameters in relation to Manning's roughness coefficient showed that with the decrease of Manning's roughness coefficient, some parameters such as water level and flow area also decrease and parameters such as water flow speed, river discharge, river discharge on the right bank and the left increases and vice versa.

Development programs are carried out to build a better future, or in other words, to shape the social construction of the future reality of countries. A very important part of this program is related to regional development. Although North Khorasan province has potential for growth and development, it is considered as an underdeveloped and deprived province. Therefore, provision of various economic, welfare and infrastructural services, social facilities, variety and health is one of the most basic planning indicators in each planning unit, especially in the cities. The purpose of this article was to identify key factors affecting the underdevelopment of economic, educational, medical and infrastructure indicators in North Khorasan province. The research is applied research and its method is descriptive and analytical, and the data collection method was done by library studies and field research. In order to rank the cities of North Khorasan in terms of underdevelopment of economic, educational-cultural, health-treatment and infrastructural indicators, Mic Mac model and Excel and Spss software were used, and Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to draw and prepare maps. The results of the research showed that among the cities of North Khorasan province in the economic sector of Esfrain, the most developed city and Mane and Samalghan were in the lowest development rank. Garme city was the most developed and the most underdeveloped city in terms of educational and cultural indicators. In terms of access to infrastructure indicators, Bojnord city is the most developed and Mane and Samlaqan are the least developed in terms of the health index, and Shirvan is the most developed and Mane and Salamqan are the least developed in the infrastructure index of North Khorasan province.