مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال بیست و یکم شماره 6 (پیاپی 141، بهمن و اسفند 1401)

Background and Objectives Despite many studies on the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),there is still a rate of disease mortality, which has made researchers to focus more on finding successfulantiviral drugs. In this regard, small molecule inhibitors have been suggested for their higher safety,lower toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we applied virtual screening and docking analysis toidentify the prospective inhibitors of 3CL protease and ACE-2 receptorsSubjects and Methods In this study, 1,600 natural compounds were assessed by virtual screening. Theligands with a high affinity to bind to active site residues of target proteins were identified using theglide docking method and then were included in the induced-fit docking analysis in Schrödinger-Maestrosoftware.Results The found compounds such as Theaflavin and Delphinidin had a high affinity to bind to the receptors.They had higher binding energy and a potent inhibitory effect compared to common drugs such aschloroquine.Conclusion The introduced natural compounds can be used to suppress COVID-19. The results may helpdevelop new drugs or formulations to combat COVID-19; however, clinical trials are needed to examinethe potential of these small molecules alone or in combination with other medical procedures.

Background and Objectives In recent years, flavonoids such as quercetin have been considered as newanticancer drugs. The mechanisms of action of quercetin include cell cycle arrest, inhabitation of cellproliferation, and induction of apoptosis. This study aims to reduce quercetin’s side effects by increasingMCF-7 breast cancer cells’ sensitivity to this drug and facilitating the cytotoxic effects of quercetin atlower concentrations.Subjects and Methods In this study, the MTT assay was used to determine the concentration that reducedthe cell viability by 50% (i.e. lethal concentration 50 or LC50). Then, the expression of the DNAfragmentation factor-45 (DFF45) and some genes in the apoptosis pathway (caspase3, p53, BAX, BCL-2,AIF), the autophagy pathway (LC3, ATG5, Beclin, DRAM) and the AKT/mTOR pathway (AKT1, mTOR, andPTEN), in cells treated with siRNA, quercetin, and quercetin+siRNA using the real-time PCR.Results According to the results of MTT assay, the LC50 value for quercetin was determined 220 μM.The results indicated the initiation of cell death through autophagy pathways. The combined treatment(quercetin+siRNA) increased the mechanism of cancer cell death more than the quercetin treatmentalone.Conclusion One of the regulating pathways of apoptosis is forcing the inhibitory effect of DFF45 onDFF40/CAD nuclease. Down regulation of DFF45, along with quercetin administration, can lead to inductionof breast cancer cell death which can be a novel technique for the treatment of breast cancer.

Background and Objectives The use of stem cells for skin wound healing is still facing serious challenges.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) sprayin histologically improving skin wounds in male diabetic rats.Subjects and Methods In this experimental study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adiposetissue and cultured and characterized by evaluating the expression of specific CD markers. Microbialcontamination in samples was assessed before treatment. Then, 18 male Wistar rats were dividedinto control and treatment groups. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin. Then,wounds with a diameter of 0.8 cm were created in the back of the rats. The ADSCs were sprayed on thewound area in the treatment group. Wound healing was assessed on days 7, 14, and 21 after treatmentusing visual observation and histopathological examination. The data were analyzed using ANOVA.Results Wound closure was accelerated on days 7, 14 and 21 in the treatment group compared to thecontrol group. Histological examination showed that the skin thickness, angiogenesis, and epithelializationwere higher in the treatment group on days 7, 14, and 21 compared to the control group.Conclusion The spray of ADSCs on the wound area can accelerate the healing process and can be usedfor skin wound repair.

Background and Objectives Empathy plays a social role in interpersonal relationships, including interactionsbetween doctors and patients. This study aims to investigate the level of empathy in students AhvazJundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS) and its relationship with age, sex, and religiosity.Subjects and Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive study, participants were 361 AJUMS students,who were selected using a convenience sampling method in 2020. Jefferson scale of empathy and Glock& Stark religiosity scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test,Pearson correlation test, and linear regression.Results The mean total empathy score of students was 106.42±14.82, and their mean total religiosityscore was 57.04±14.19. A statistically significant relationship was observed only between empathyand the emotions dimension of religiosity (r=0.125, P=0.018). No significant relationship was observedbetween empathy and the total score of religiosity and its other dimensions. The mean empathy score infemale students was significantly higher than in male students (109.15 vs. 103.02, P˂0.001). Regressionanalysis results showed that the emotions dimension of religiosity, age, and sex were able to predict thelevel of empathy in students.Conclusion The empathy in AJUMS students is at a relatively favorable level, and has a positive significantcorrelation with the emotions dimension of religiosity in them. It is recommended to develop plans tostrengthen the empathy of medical students and include an educational course in their curriculum sothat they be able to improve the mental and spiritual health of patients.

Due to the fact that in the Iranian health information seeking literature, a questionnaire to examine the factors affecting the online health information seeking behavior of students and their health beliefs, was not found, the present study designed a questionnaire for this purpose, and approved its validity and reliability using exploratory and confirmatory factors analysis. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students studying in all educational levels in public and private universities of Ahvaz during year 2019, the total number of which was 46054 people. According to Cochran's formula, 600 students were selected for the research sample. The instrument used in the present study was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was a combination of 36-item questionnaire base on Mo, Sheen and Cohen and Deng, Liu and Hinz research questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by three the use of scientific articles, factor analysis and its reliability calculated by use of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and LISREL software. By performing explanatory factor analysis, the variables affecting online search for health information were categorized and renamed into ten factors: Trust in quality and efficiency, Useful intention, Self-efficacy, Cognitive values, Perceived severity, Perceived anxiety, Perceived sensitivity, Perceived barriers, Individual health beliefs, and Social values. Then these factors were investigated using confirmatory factor analysis. Examination of the standardized coefficients in the obtained structural model showed that almost all factor loads have the desired value.

The Corona Virus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used tool with high diagnostic power in the field of corona anxiety diagnosis, but so far no research in Iran has examined the internal structure of this scale, so research in this field seems necessary.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2021. The statistical population of this study was all adults living in Isfahan, of whom 409 (342 females and 67 males) responded to the Corona Anxiety Scale by available sampling method. According to the existing conditions, the scale was prepared online and published in cyberspace, and those who were interested completed the scale. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and AMOS and SPSS software were used.

The results of exploratory analysis confirmed the single-factor nature of this scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that this scale has good construct validity and fit model. This scale also had a high internal consistency (Cronbach's affinity coefficient = 0.859)

The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale has a good validity in the Iranian population and can be used to assess coronavirus anxiety in this population.

Corneal transplantation is one of the most common eye surgeries and the most common and successful tissue transplant in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of causes and types of corneal transplantation in patients referred to the ophthalmology ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz from 2003 to 2018.

This descriptive study was performed on the records of the patients who underwent corneal transplantation. The information included age, sex, cause of transplantation, sex and age of the donor, need for re-transplantation, reason for re-transplantation, laterality of cornea and the type of operation.

The mean age of patients receiving cornea was 50.93 years and included 491 (49.3%) male and 505 (50.7%) female. 51.7% of corneal transplant operations were related to the right eye and 47.9% of the operations were related to the left eye respectively. PBK was the most cause of corneal transplantation. Most patients underwent corneal transplantation by PK and then DSAEK.

Frequency of PBK was increased in this study as compare to other previous studies which may be due to significant increase in the rate of phacoemulsification surgeries. DSEAK and DMEAK have become more accepted and favorable surgeries in the case of corneal endothelial disease. Based on new surgical techniques and advances in post of management we suggest, new meta-analysis study to evaluate associated diseases , comparison of the regraft rate in different surgical techniques and post op management of them.

Prostate cancer is the most common type of malignant cancer among men and is known as one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in men. The complexity of diagnostic procedures such as mass biopsy has made new diagnostic strategies for prostate cancer, such as MRI imaging, a research priority in recent years.

In this applied-descriptive study, a four steps method for diagnosing prostate cancer through MR image is presented. In the first step, the destructive effect of noise on the input images by using two-dimensional wavelet transform and histogram equalization is reduced. In the second step, the black hole optimization algorithm is used for segmentation of the input image based on the multilevel threshold technique. By doing this, the suspicious areas are identified in the image and in the third step, the features of each target area are extracted. In the fourth step, a combination of three learning algorithms, including: artificial neural network, decision and support vector machine is used to diagnose prostate cancer.

The effectiveness of the proposed method in diagnosing prostate cancer has been evaluated from various aspects and its performance has been compared with other learning models. Based on the results, the proposed method can diagnose prostate cancer through MRI images with an average accuracy of 99%.Discussion &

The proposed method uses a combination of image processing, optimization and machine learning techniques to achieve this goal. Compared with other models, this proposed method was of the highest accuracy.

Background and Objectives Stuttering, due to different reactions of stutterers in different ages, needsage-specific treatment. Considering the lack of study on the effect of the Camperdown program ontreatment of stuttering in adolescents in Iran, the present study aims to investigate the effect of theCamperdown program on the stuttering severity of Kurdish-speaking adolescents with stuttering in Iran.Subjects and Methods This is a single-subject study with an A-B-A design which was conducted on 4Kurdish-speaking adolescents with stuttering. The pre-test assessments were first done. Then, theyreceived 40 sessions of intervention using the Camperdown program. The measures were was thepercentage of stuttered syllables, the 9-point severity rating scale, and the speech naturalness scale(NAT). The data were analyzed based on visual analysis and descriptive statistics.Results The intervention was effective in reducing the stuttering severity of all four subjects (percentageof non-overlapping data=100%) and the scores of NAT scale in subjects after intervention was significantlydifferent from their pre-intervention scores.Conclusion The Camperdown program is effective in reducing the stuttering severity of Kurdish-speakingadolescents with stuttering.

Any abnormal growth of cells in the brain in an uncontrolled manner leads to the formation of tumor cell masses and disruption of the normal functional functions of the brain, including sensory-motor problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the The effectiveness of moderate-intensity continuous exercise and nanocurcumin supplementation on sensorimotor disorders in mice with brain tumors.Subjects and

35 healthy male Wistar rats randomly divided into 7 groups of 5, basal control (BC), 4-week control (4wC), basal cancer control(BT), 4-week cancer control(4wT), cancer-training (TE), cancer - Nanocurcumin (TN), Cancer-Exercise-Nanocurcumin (TEN) were divided. One week after the injection of cancer cells in the frontal cortex, the animals entered the main exercise program on the tape by performing the 6-parameter behavioral test (18 points) of Garcia and gavage of nano curcumin supplement at the rate of 80 mg/kg (28 days, 5 days a week). (4 weeks, at a speed of 18 meters per minute, 25-40 minutes and 3 days a week). At the end, rats were victim and data were collected and analyzed.

Continuous exercises with moderate intensity Simultaneously with nano-curcumin supplementation significantly reduced tumor volume in the TEN group (p≤0.05). It also led to a significant increase in behavioral testing in the study groups compared to the 4 wT group.

It seems that the combination of continuous exercises with nano curcumin can be used as a therapeutic supplement along with other methods to reduce brain tumor size and improve sensory-motor functions.

Background and Objectives Type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is generally known as insulin-dependent diabetes,is caused by insulin deficiency due to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells of the immune systemand usually occurs in the early stages of life.The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive disorderscaused by type 1 diabetes.Subjects and Methods In this review study, the studies on functional and cognitive complications of T1Dwere searched in Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the keywords type 1 diabetes, cognitivefunction, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, physical activity, nutrition, and glycemic control.Results The findings indicated the possibility of cognitive complications in people with T1D in all ages,and the severity and risk of these complications are related to aging and the presence of diabetic complicationssuch as hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in the long term.Conclusion It is recommended to use cognitive-behavioral interventions, improve nutrition and physicalactivity, and use blood sugar monitoring and control, along with drug treatment, to prevent or improvecognitive complications in T1D patients.

Background and Objectives This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and side effects of intraarticular(IA) and intra-peritoneal (IP) injections of corticosteroids on temporomandibular joint (TMJ)inflammationSubjects and Methods This is a review study that was conducted on related studies published from 1990to 2022 which were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran andIranMedex using the keywords “temporomandibular joint”, “intra-articular injection”, “corticosteroid”,“adverse effects”, “juvenile arthritis”, “osteoarthritis”, “ Juvenile idiopathic arthritis”,”degenerative jointdisorders”, and “temporomandibular joint disorders”.Results A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two studies were related to IP injection, 8 relatedto IA injection, two studies compared the effect of IA and IP drug injection, and one study investigatedthe TMJ arthrocentesis and IP drug injection. In 4 studies, the aim was to compare the effectivness ofcorticosteroids and hyaluronic acid in improving temporomandibular disorders. Nine studies found thatthe use of corticosteroids is beneficial for the treatment of TMJ inflammation, and 7 studies reportedcomplications such as condylar resorption.Conclusion Since the use of corticosteroids in treatment of TMJ disorders is not without complications,there is a need to conduct extensive studies on various drugs with anti-inflammatory effects and lowestside effects to replace them with corticosteroids.