نشریه طب انتظامی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، زمستان 1401)

The eleventh volume of the Journal of Police Medicine started at the beginning of 2022, in which 40 out of 90 received articles were published. All of which indexed in DOAJ, Copernicus, IMEMR, Google Scholar and some other databases. In this volume, more than 140 researchers from universities and research centers around Iran collaborated with the Journal of Police Medicine. Most of the articles were from the cities of Tehran, Ardabil, Mashhad, and Tabriz, and Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences had the highest percentage of submitted and accepted articles. The acceptance and rejection rates of articles in the Journal of Police Medicine in 2022 were 33% and 67%, respectively. The duration of receiving articles until acceptance was averagely calculated to be 84 days, although during the first 24 to 72 hours after receiving the article, entering the review process or rejecting the article was informed to the authors quickly, and 37 articles were rejected rapidly. The mean duration of accepting until publishing the article was also calculated to be 18 days. These obtained time durations are justifiable according to the flow diagram of receiving until publishing articles in the Journal of Police Medicine and considering the maximum allowed time for editing articles by authors (Figure 1). Of 40 published articles, 37 (92.5%) were of the original type, and 3 (7.5%) were of the review type. All published articles matched the fields of the journal, and a higher percentage of the articles were related to the two fields of police psychology and police health, but no articles were published in the fields of medical exemptions, terror medicine, and police medicine ethics in 2022. Considering that one of the goals of the Journal of Police Medicine is to help promote the methods used in medical centers and counseling of the Police Command, in 2022, 8 articles were published in this field [1-8]. Given the role of police in suicide prevention, Bukani et al. [3] designed a study, the results of which could be used by police consultants in case of disclosing self-harm and suicidal thoughts. Also, Amini et al. [4] and Safadel et al. [5] dealt with the treatment methods that could be used for some prevalent diseases in the military forces. Given that retired armed forces are among the elderly’s vulnerable groups due to their nature of professional activity in the pre-retirement period, 3 articles were published to improve the life quality and satisfaction of retired individuals and the armed forces staff [9-11]. By publishing 3 articles on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Journal of Police Medicine has tried to deal with some subjects related to the journal’s goals regarding urban epidemics, health, treatment, and management consequences in the crisis, and also the assessment of the Police Command healthcare centers. Jalili et al. investigated the dominant strain of the population in a specific time interval in Iran [12]. In a study, Vasei, Amini, and Tavasoli [13] also investigated the clinical hematology tests helpful in the prognosis of identifying and estimating the survival odds of patients with COVID-19. Golmohammadi, Raeesi, and Harati Khalilabad [14] investigated the performance and efficiency of selected military hospitals at time intervals before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Asadi et al.’s review study regarding managing and controlling urban epidemics indicates that the readiness of Iranian hospitals against the potential risks stemming from natural disasters is at an average level, but the readiness of some departments, such as hospital admissions, should be promoted [15]. The results of this article can inform the managers and policymakers of the Police Command health system of hospitals’ problems in probable exposure to disasters [15]. Mortezaee and Mohammadnejad also investigated the hospital information system used in the Police Command health centers to evaluate healthcare centers [16]. Vasei, Amini, and Kashani studied antibiotic resistance to improve treatment effectiveness during war and crisis [17]. Regarding medical emergencies, Saeed et al. suggest to the medical staff of the military and police forces that if it is not possible to use an ultrasound device (for example, during war or other crises), the supraclavicular method should be used in the subclavian vein catheterization [18]. Mousavinejad et al.’s study on modern technologies in preparing relief items usable in police missions indicates that new dressings with different forms (film or hydrogel) can lower the risks of possible injuries in police missions [19]. The use of new methods based on enzyme reactions to monitor the police forces’ physical health and fitness [20, 21] was also one of the practical topics published in 2022 in the Journal of Police Medicine. Some articles have also been published regarding injuries related to police activities [22] and have proposed solutions to prevent such injuries [22-24]. Considering that injuries caused by exercise are a fundamental problem among military personnel [25], a study compared the effects of CrossFit and high-intensity interval exercises with ordinary physical fitness exercises on military students’ health and performance [26]. Mohammadyari’s study on police health provided suggestions regarding the military personnel’s diet according to the existing standards based on their physical activity [27]. Saadat Azhar, Sobhi, and Zarqam explained a model that can be used to promote job productivity in the recruitment and placement of military individuals in accordance with their personality characteristics [28]. Abdoli et al.’s article on the psychology of social groups and the mental health of the Police Command staff [29] indicates that considering the defects in the media literacy of the staff, self-destruction and psychological complications are observed in some cases, and the authors suggest that the necessary training be served in in-service courses. Regarding mental health of the staff, Hamid et al. also assessed occupational and psychological injuries stemming from shift work [30]. The medical staff’s mental health significantly affects the quality of patient service provision, and Rostami, Ahmadi, and Abdi addressed new styles of controlling disease anxiety among the Police Command’s medical staff [31]. The results of studies on criminal psychology also suggest that communication skills training and early intervention in conduct disorders can effectively reduce social crimes [32, 33]. The factors influencing some crimes of soldiers and the effect of management styles were examined in Attarian et al.’s [34] study. Given the importance of criminals’ identity authentication in crime detection, Babaei et al. [35] also conducted a study on the challenges of using biometric evidence in identity recognition. Regarding addiction, the results of several studies were also published [1, 2, 6, 36]. In their study, Heidarzadeh et al. [36] reviewed quick and precise diagnostic methods of drug abuse. The results of Habibzadeh, Hashemi, and Rezaei’s research can also be a basis for addiction treatment through modern non-pharmacological methods [37]. Since many criminal behaviors occur in the drunkenness status, regarding new treatment methods related to various fields of police medicine, Soleimani et al. studied the effect of taking food supplements containing probiotics on ethanol-induced brain damage [38]. Sharifi Rahnamo et al. have provided their focal analysis regarding traffic medicine and analysis of some human factors influential in the incidence of driving accidents [39]. Koochakinejad et al. also performed a content analysis regarding solutions for enforcing wearing a helmet [40]. In 2022, by emphasizing on providing the clinical and practical points of research results regarding police medicine from the words of the articles’ authors, this journal has tried to make the studies’ results more practical for the readers. Also, aiming to increase the international audience and the articles’ citations, the main content of all articles in the eleventh volume were extracted and published in English. Thus, it can be said that as a bilingual journal, the Journal of Police Medicine has published the main content of all articles in Persian and English since 2022, and the full text of all articles will be published in Persian and English from the beginning of 2023. While appreciating all the authors, reviewers, and editors of the articles published last year (Table 1), all readers of the journal are invited to submit their precious manuscripts in different fields of the journal, particularly those fields that had no published articles in the previous volume.

The correct transition in postoperative care, from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) to the general ward or even home discharge, is an essential step in the discharge of surgical patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of psychometrics and localization of the Persian version of the patient evaluation and discharge checklist in the post-anesthesia care unit.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the paramedical faculty of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2022. In this study, the psychometrics and localization of the Persian version of the patient assessment and discharge checklist in the post-anesthesia care unit (SAMPE checklist) were evaluated. The translation tool was implemented using the forward-backward method, and the clinical validation of the tool was done by determining face validity (qualitative) and content validity (content validity index). Also, to check the tool's reliability, the inter-rater reliability method was performed using the Kappa coefficient. SPSS version 26 software was used for statistical analysis.

The present research was conducted on 80 patients of the PACU with a mean age of 45 years (minimum = 18 years, maximum = 89 years). Patients were selected non-randomly (convenience samples) from the PACU and participated in the study after informing their consent. Demographic and anesthesia-surgery characteristics are provided in Table 1.Content validity was reported as 0.94 using CVI (Table 2). For eight items of the checklist, a CVI over 0.79 was reported, indicating the favorable content validity of all items (Table 2). The face validity of the SAMPE checklist was assessed qualitatively using the recovery nurses’ comments. The recovery nurses approved all the items regarding the items’ level of difficulty, appropriateness, and ambiguity; thus, no change was made to the items. In order to assess the reliability, the kappa coefficient was calculated, the value of which was 0.31-1, indicating the appropriateness of the tool’s reliability (Table 3).

The research findings show the tool's face validity, content validity, and appropriate reliability. Based on this, the psychometric and localized patient evaluation and discharge checklist in the post-anesthesia care unit (SAMPE checklist) in this research can be used to determine the readiness of patients for discharge from the PACU.

Improving cognitive abilities in athletes may increase their performance and predict success in competition. Therefore, investigating methods such as Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation that targets brain structures can be important. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in improving cognitive abilities in Martial Athletes.

 The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group, conducted on all martial athletes of Ardabil in Iran in 2022. Thirty people were selected from the martial athletes of Ardabil city and members of the Shahid Abbasi sports club using the available sampling methods and randomly assigned to the experimental and control group (15 people in each group). Transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS) was implemented in 10 sessions, each lasting 20 minutes, but the control group received no training. Nejati Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (2013) was used in two stages, pre-test and post-test, to collect data. Data analysis was done using multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS 23 software.

Thirty people participated in this research, and all participants were male. The average age of the participants in the experimental group was 25.33±4.53 years and in the control group was 24.26±4.97 years. Also, in the experimental group, two people (13.30%) had a diploma, nine people (60.00%) had a bachelor's degree, and four people (26.70%) had a master's degree. In the control group, three people (20.00 percent) had a diploma, seven people (46.70 percent) had a bachelor's degree, and five people (33.30 percent) had a master's degree. Descriptive statistics of the research variables in the pre-test stage showed that the average scores of cognitive abilities in the experimental and control groups were almost equal and did not differ much in the experimental and control groups. However, the post-test results showed that the experimental group's average scores of cognitive abilities improved compared to the control group (Table 1).The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the distribution of variable scores. Considering that the significance level in the research variables was more than 0.05, the data distribution was normal, and normality tests were used. Also, according to the Box's M test, the equality of the covariance matrix of the dependent variables between the experimental and control groups was not significant (p>0.05). The results of Levene's test to check the homogeneity of error variances of the variables in the research groups were not significant for cognitive ability variables (p>0.05). In other words, the error variances of these variables were homogeneous in the groups. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that based on the figures obtained after adjusting the pre-test scores, there was a significant effect in the factor between the subjects of the group in working memory (F=8.23; p=0.01), selective attention (F=45.73; p=0.00), making a decision (F=25.60; p=0.03), planning (F=38.08; p=0.00), sustained attention (F=24.27; p=0.00) p), social cognition (F=54.76; p=0.01) and cognitive flexibility (F=11.07; p=60.00) and the average scores of the experimental group improved significantly (Table 2 ).

According to the results of this study, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation is an effective method for improving the cognitive abilities of martial artists. Therefore, specialists and psychologists can use this non-invasive method as a less invasive and accessible method to improve the cognitive abilities of these people along with other interventions.

Cancer pain creates negative thoughts and beliefs in patients, which can affect the level of functioning and pain tolerance in these patients. In recent decades, the use of drugs for pain relief in cancer patients has increased dramatically. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy in the relationship between the perception of social support and readiness for addiction.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlation study was men and women with cancer in Arak city in 2020-2021. A total of 201 cancer patients referred to Arak hospitals were selected by available sampling method (97 women and 104 men). Perceived Social Support Questionnaire of Zimet et al. (1988), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Nicholas (1980), Chronic Pain Questionnaire of Vowels et al. (2004) and Addiction Readiness Questionnaire by Wade and Butcher (1992) were completed by all the samples. For data analysis, path analysis method was used using SPSS 25 and Amos 24 software.

Out of 215 participants, 14 were excluded from the analysis due to incomplete completion of the questionnaires, and the final analysis was performed on 201 people. Of these, 104 were men (51.75%), and 97 were women (48.25%). The average age of the participants in the research was 53.46±10.38 years, and 34.82% had a middle school diploma (70 people), 24.37% had a high school diploma (49 people), 30.84% had a bachelor's degree (62 people), and 9.95% had a master's degree or higher (20 people). Nineteen people (9.45%) were single, and 165 (82.08%) were married. Thirty-one (15.4%) of the participants had breast cancer, 29 (14.4%) had prostate cancer, 36 (17.9%) had stomach cancer, 33 (16.4%) had colon cancer, 26 people (12.9%) had bladder cancer, 25 people (12.4%) had skin cancer, nine people(4.5%) had uterine cancer, and 12 people (6.0%) had thyroid cancer. The value of kurtosis and skewness of the variables was in the range of -2 to +2, so the data had a normal distribution and the default of data analysis was followed (Table 1).There was a negative and significant correlation between the perception of social support and potential for addiction (r=-0.389). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the perception of social support and pain acceptance (r=0.486), a positive and significant correlation between the perception of social support and pain self-efficacy (r=0.462), and a negative and significant correlation between pain acceptance and potential for addiction (r=-0.511). Moreover, there was a negative and significant relationship between pain self-efficacy and potential for addiction (r=-0.414).After descriptive data analysis, path analysis defaults were checked and confirmed. The multicollinearity of the variables was investigated using the tolerance statistic and variance inflation factor, and the results showed no multicollinearity between the variables. Path analysis was used to examine the relationship between the variables of perception of social support, pain acceptance, pain self-efficacy, and potential for addiction. Figure 1 shows the path analysis diagram of the final model, and Table 3 shows the fit indices of the final model in the target sample. The fit indices of the final model include the chi-square index (X²/Df=2.94), comparative fit index (CFI=0.99), incremental fit index (IFI=0.99), Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI=0.93), and the root mean square deviation of approximation (RMSEA=0.09) indicated the optimal fit of the final model. The results of the direct effect of social support perception on pain acceptance, social support perception on pain self-efficacy, pain acceptance on addiction, and pain self-efficacy on addiction and the standard indirect coefficient of social support perception on addiction with the mediating role of pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy was equal to -0.30 (Table 4). The result of the Sobel test for the significance of the mediating variable of pain acceptance was equal to 3.40 and for the variable of pain efficiency was equal to 2.39. Since the z-value was greater than 1.96, the significance of the influence of mediating variables was confirmed.

Strengthening the social support network of individuals, along with developing a sense of self-efficacy and acceptance of uncontrollable aspects, can be considered as preventive treatment goals and plans for patients' tendency to use drugs for pain relief.

In recent years, research in the field of identifying and quickly determining the amount of narcotics, including morphine, has grown significantly. This research aimed to provide a cheap, simple, and fast method for the quantitative identification of morphine in street samples and biological samples.

This experimental research was conducted in the laboratory of the Narcotics Department of the Police University in the spring and summer of 2021. In this study, powder samples and urine samples containing morphine were tested to measure the amount of morphine by densitometry scan of TLC plates. Silica thin layer chromatography plates 60G F254 (Merck) and mobile phase including acetonitrile, methanol, and ammonia (1:2:17) for performing TLC tests, chloroform, and -2 propanol with a ratio of 9:1 for extraction, Camag TLC Scanner 3 device with software WinCATS 1.4.2.8121 were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis.RF values were obtained using the morphine standard (16.2 mm). Morphine standard solutions with a concentration of 500 μg/ml were made from the initial standard solution in methanol. For the calibration curve, 500 µg/ml standard solution from 2 to 12 µl was spotted on the chromatography paper to obtain a concentration range of 1-6 µg/spot of morphine. Each standard solution was spotted three times on the paper, and the calibration curve was drawn in terms of the average area with the inner peaks and different concentrations of standard spots (μg/spot). A good correlation was observed between the concentration of morphine and the peak. The regression equation y=4049.21+238.65x with a correlation coefficient of 0.9887 was obtained for the standard spotted sample (Figures 2 and 3).The accuracy of the TLC scanning method for the measurement of morphine was investigated by conducting reproducibility studies for three different concentrations in the linear range of the calibration curve and RSD of less than 6% was obtained with three repetitions (Table 1). Also, the accuracy of the TLC scan analysis method was checked by measuring the samples added with morphine in three different concentrations, and the recovery percentage was obtained from 96.9 to 104.5 (Table 2). The method's detection limit was calculated according to the slope of the calibration curve of 0.2 μg/spot. Investigations showed that the presence of codeine, acetaminophen, and caffeine in the samples does not interfere with the measurement of morphine because their bands are well separated from morphine on a thin layer of chromatography paper. A mixture of codeine, acetaminophen, and caffeine powder was used to prepare samples similar to street samples. Then morphine standard was used to add morphine with different concentrations to them. The samples were dissolved in methanol, and after making up to volume, they were again diluted with methanol to fall within the range of the calibration curve and the spotting, separation, and scanning steps were performed similarly to the standards. Finally, the amount of morphine was calculated according to the calibration curve and the dilution rate. The recovery rate of morphine for the added sample similar to the street sample was 95% with a standard deviation of 5.9%.
Morphine measurement in urine sample: To measure morphine in the urine sample, samples were prepared in the concentration range of 400 to 600 ng/ml according to the mentioned method. The findings showed that the calibration curve with a correlation coefficient of 0.9796 shows an acceptable linear relationship between the concentration of morphine in standard samples and of that in the under-peak area related to morphine. The RSD for three replicates of the standard sample with a concentration of 500 ng/ml was less than 7%. The urine sample containing morphine (500 ng/ml) was calculated according to the test method of standard test samples and using the calibration curve based on which the recovery percentage was 94.6%, with a relative standard deviation of 5.8%.

Densitometry scan of thin layer chromatography is a rapid and inexpensive screening method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of morphine in the street and urine samples.

Monitoring the performance of health care systems is a vital requirement for improving the quality of health care services. This review research was conducted on the results of recent studies in the field of organizational excellence in Iranian hospitals that were conducted with the EFQM model.

The current research was conducted in 2022 to review the articles published in Persian and English journals available in SID, Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, Elsevier, ISI, Scopus, IranMedex, Science Direct, Spring, and CIVILICA related to the last 15 years. Articles were searched using the keywords of organizational excellence, performance assessment or evaluation, EFQM, hospital, and health system or their Persian equivalent. Information sources were analyzed based on qualitative analysis and meta-analysis using "Metafor version 3.8-1" and "Meta version 6.1-0" packages in the R programming language.

 In general, in the investigated period, 14 studies dealt with organizational excellence in hospitals, one of which was devoted to the qualitative study of organizational excellence and 13 to the quantitative evaluation of organizational excellence. Out of 13 studies, two studies were only limited to the evaluation of enablers. The articles' specifications and the quantitative results of organizational excellence components were presented (2006 to 2021) in Tables 2 and 3. Examining the time trend of studies shows that organizational excellence has not been a topic of interest to researchers in recent years, and no growing trend was observed in relation to the number of articles. Figure 2 is the forest diagram for the meta-analysis results of organizational excellence values on 13 studies. The overall estimate of the organizational excellence index for the mentioned studies was equal to 533 in the 95% confidence interval (464-602). In addition, the weight of each of the mentioned studies in the overall estimate of the analysis was reported as a percentage, and the two studies by Malekzadeh et al. [19] and Motaghi et al. [20] had the highest weight in the final result of this analysis with weights of 12.48 and 11.84, respectively (the large and bold square shape inside the confidence interval lines indicates the greater weight of that study). The index of organizational excellence in these studies varied between 367 and 700, and the range of changes based on random effects in the meta-analysis was estimated at 63%, indicating relatively significant changes among studies. This heterogeneity was also statistically significant (Q=37.5, P-value<0.001, I²=62.6%).The funnel diagram was used to check the publication bias in the meta-analysis in Figure 3. This graph shows that 3 of the 13 analyzed studies showed publication bias with 95% confidence and Egger's test (p-values <0.05). Notably, all three mentioned studies had a higher sample size than others, and the estimated effect in the two cases was lower and in one case was higher than the overall effect estimated in the meta-analysis. The score of the enablers dimension was equal to 500, therefore the index obtained for this dimension of organizational excellence in different studies was divided by 500 to obtain the desired effect size of the analysis as a ratio of the total score. Sixteen studies reported the enablers index score that was used for analysis. The total estimated value for enablers was equal to 276. Also, the amount of heterogeneity in the report of this index was estimated to be equal to 78%, which showed a statistically significant heterogeneity (p<0.001). Therefore, this heterogeneity in the report of the enablers index was evaluated as very severe (Figure 4). The score of the dimension of the results was equal to 500, therefore the index obtained for this dimension of organizational excellence in different studies was divided by 500 to obtain the desired effect size of the analysis as a ratio of the total score. Thirteen studies reported results index scores that were used for analysis. The total estimated value for the results was equal to 246. Also, the amount of heterogeneity in the report of this index was estimated to be 59%, which shows a statistically significant heterogeneity (p=0.001). Therefore, this heterogeneity in the results index report in different studies was evaluated at an average level (Figure 5). To investigate the publication bias in the enablers dimension report, according to the respective Funnel charts, the reports of 6 studies were beyond the range of 95% changes, which exactly the same 3 of the studies that showed the publication bias of the total organizational excellence index (Figure 4) were repeated in this list (Figure 6). To check the publication bias in the results dimension report, according to the relevant Funnel charts, only 3 studies were out of this range, which were exactly the same studies that had publication bias in the total organizational excellence index (Figure 7).

The state of organizational excellence in hospitals indicates the need to review the requirements for establishing clinical governance and accreditation systems, focusing on the dimensions of organizational excellence to improve the quality of healthcare services.

According to the cognitive-behavioral approaches in family-related issues, personality and emotional factors play a significant role in the type of tendency of couples to infidelity. This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of emotional expressivity in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students.

This descriptive research is a correlational type based on structural modeling. The statistical population of this research was all 324 married female students in the nursing faculty of Babol University in the academic year of 2021-2022. Two hundred and fifty samples were selected via simple random method. Internet Infidelity Questionnaire (IIQ), HEXACO Personality Traits Questionnaire (HEXACO), and King and Emmons Emotional Expressivity Questionnaire (EEQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the results, the Pearson correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS 18 and AMOS 23 software.

In the study of demographic information, 148 female nursing students were 19-20 years old, and 102 were 21-22 years old in this method in some proposed countries. In terms of employment, 187 people were employed, and 63 were unemployed. Also, 127 students were employed in the 2nd to fifth semesters and 123 in the 6th to eighth academic semesters. The average sales of Internet Infidelity were 93.62±9.43, HEXACO personality traits 57.97±6.77, and emotional expressiveness 34.68±6.56 (Table 1). The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were higher than the 0.05 level in HEXACO's personality traits, emotional expressiveness, and Internet infidelity, so the normality of the data was confirmed. The results of the correlation matrix between the variables showed a significant correlation between the variables of HEXACO's personality traits and emotional expressiveness with Internet infidelity (Table 2). Specifically, there is a significant negative correlation between honesty-humility (-0.24), emotionality (-0.22), extroversion (-0.20), agreeableness (-0.25), conscientiousness (-0.23), openness to experience (-0.27) and an overall score of HEXACO personality traits (-0.33) were associated with Internet Infidelity. It showed a negative correlation between positive emotion expression (-0.25), intimacy and substance (-0.22), negative emotion expression (-0.20), and emotional expressiveness (-0.29) with Internet infidelity which was significant at the 0.01 level. The value of RMSEA was equal to 0.037, so this value was less than 0.1, which indicated the appropriateness of the mean squared errors of the model, and the model was acceptable. Also, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom was between 1 and 3 (2.445), and the amount of GFI, CFI, and NFI index was almost equal and more than 0.9 (0.999) showing that the model for measuring the research variables was suitable. All paths of HEXACO personality traits and emotional expressivity significantly explained 0.119 and 0.093 of the common variance of Internet infidelity (Table 3). The indirect path of HEXACO's personality traits on Internet infidelity was observed through the mediation of emotional expressiveness. In general, the path could separately predict 0.39 of the Internet infidelity variable; these variables could explain 39 percent of this endogenous variable, and 61 percent of the Internet infidelity variable was explained by other variables outside the research (Table 4). In examining the direct and indirect effects of HEXACO's personality traits and emotional expressiveness on Internet infidelity, the research model was confirmed with a total effect coefficient of -0.46 (Chart 1).

Emotional expressivity can be a negative and significant mediator in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students.