مجله علوم پیراپزشکی و بهداشت نظامی
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 47، بهار 1402)

In angiography and especially in angioplasty, large amounts of X-rays are emitted to the patient’s body, which causes the patient to be exposed to a lot of radiation. Saba Shield is a type of highpass shield that was introduced recently. Moreover, its effectiveness in reducing the dose of patients during CT scan imaging has been investigated and confirmed. It seems that the use of Saba shield with optimal thickness can significantly reduce the dose received by patients in angiography and angioplasty. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Saba Shield with Zn-Bi combination on reducing the dose received by patients and its effect on the quality of images in angiography and angioplasty.

Methods and Materials:

 One shield with dimensions of 60 x 40 cm and thickness of 0.04 mm equivalent to lead was prepared in order to investigate the efficiency of Saba shield with Zn-Bi combination in angiography and angioplasty. Angiography machine was used for radiation and CTDI phantom was used to simulate the patient’s body. Dosimetry using TLDs was performed on the CTDI phantom without shield and with shield.Then, the values of dose reduction and image quality were examined. In order to check the quality of the image, according to the radiology experts, it was used in a double-blind manner.

The findings of the present study showed that the use of Saba Shield with Zn-Bi combination in angiography and angioplasty has reduced the dose between 30 and 37% of the dose received by patients with moderate and acceptable image quality.

Saba shield with Zn-Bi composition and thickness of 0.04 mm equivalent to lead can significantly reduce the dose received by the patients and it does not have a degrading effect on the quality of the images.

Previous studies have illustrated that each physiological change in blood supply following the ionizing beam irradiation is caused by damaging the inner wall of vessels, which is attributed to changes in the cytoskeleton in the endothelium layer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of radiotherapy on the fractal dimension parameter of endothelial cells as a biomarker of the cytoskeleton following the single irradiation and fractionation radiotherapy.

Methods and Materials: 

In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were irradiated by the doses of 0, 2, 4 and 8 Gy by using cobalt-60 therapeutics machine in two situations of single continuous irradiation and fractionation radiotherapy. The cytoskeleton of each group was separately stained within 24 hours after irradiation. Then, the fractal dimension spectrum was performed for each radiation-induced group by processing the confocal microscopy images with the related command in the ImageJ software package.

The results showed that the fractal dimension parameter of endothelial cells is significantly changed following the external radiotherapy in two modes of single and fractionation irradiation modalities. Moreover, the reduction of this parameter for the fractionation radiation treatments is statistically higher than that following the continuous irradiation for the same radiation dose.

Assessing the fractal dimension can be considered as a reliable secondary index for the prognosis of the response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to radiotherapy with two procedures of single and fractionation modalities.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the selected factors of related skill and health physical fitness with the classic risk factors of cardiovascular disease of employees of the police command in North Khorasan.

Methods and Materials:

 This research was conducted by correlation method with applied nature. The statistical population included 50 employees of the North Khorasan Police Force who were chosen randomly. Cooper’s test was used to evaluate cardiovascular endurance, the sit-up test was used for muscular endurance, the Wells test was used for flexibility, and the 100-meter running test was used to measure speed. To evaluate the serum levels of Triglyceride (TG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low- Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and Total Cholesterol (TC), blood was drawn from the subjects, 48 hours after the performing physical fitness test, in 12 hours fasting condition. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) methods were used for data collection. Moreover, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to confirm the normality the data distribution and spearman correlation coefficient to determine the correlation between the research variables. Data analysis has been performed using SPSS software version 22.

The results of the research showed that there was inverse and significant relationship between cardiovascular endurance and TC (p= 0/024, r= -0/319); however, there was not any significant relationship between cardiovascular endurance and HDL, LDL and TG. Regarding the values of muscular endurance, the results of the test showed that the mentioned index has inverse and significant relationship with TC (p= 0/033, r= -0/302); however, there was not any significant relationship between muscular endurance and HDL, LDL and TG. There was not any significant relationship between flexibility and HDL, LDL, TC and TG. Finally, there was a direct and significant relationship between speed and TC and TG values (p= 0/018, r= 0/332), (p= 0/037, r= 0/296). However, there was not any significant relationship between speed and HDL and LDL.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that people who have higher cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance have a lower and more favorable TC level than people who have lower cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance. Furthermore, the lower the speed record in people, the lower their TC and TG will be.

The spread of Corona virus and its psychological consequences is one of the most important human social events in the 21st century. Moreover, nurses and hospital personnel are facing the psychological consequences of it including job stress. The present study aimed to perform the relationship between sleep quality and work life quality with occupational stress of nurses and hospital personnel in Kermanshah during the period of Covid-19 in 2023.

Methods and Materials: 

The current research is descriptive of the correlation type. The statistical population of this research included all nurses and hospital personnel of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2023. In order to select a sample size, 250 nurses and hospital personnel have been selected through random cluster method based on Morgan’s table. In addition, they responded to Petersburg (1998) sleep quality (PSQI), Walton (1973) quality of work life (QWL) and job stress questionnaires and Nurses Taft, Gray and Anderson (1981).

The results of the step-by-step regression analysis showed that the components of sleep disorder, useful sleep, mental quality of sleep, sleeping medicine, fair payment, safe work environment, social dependence and integration and cohesion have the ability to predict occupational stress with beta coefficients of 0.37, -0.87, 0.18 and -0.12, -0.19, -0.13 and -0.76 respectively. Furthermore, according to the results of Pearson’s correlation, it can be said that the lower the quality of sleep and the quality of work life, the higher their occupational stress.

According to the results obtained from this research on the importance and role of sleep quality and quality of work life in the occupational stress of nurses and medical personnel, taking measures in order to improve the quality of work life and sleep quality, removing the underlying factors, prevention, treatment and training methods, correct adaptation and communication skills are the current necessities of health and treatment policy in such environments. Furthermore, effective interventions to improve the quality of work life, quality of sleep and occupational stress and conducting more studies in the future to identify other factors affecting the quality of life and quality of sleep and occupational stress are suggested.

Paramedics are members of the medical staff who have a lot of short and long-term interaction with patients. Moreover, their relationship with the patient is very important in providing services. This research aims to measure the relationship between the basic needs in Glaser’s view with patient communication and it measures the ability of empathizing.

Methods and Materials: 

The method of the present study is descriptive correlational research. The statistical population of this research was made up of 571 paramedics working in the hospitals of Hamedan, in 2022. According to Morgan’s table, 230 of them were selected as the research sample by stratified random sampling method. Golsar’s needs questionnaire (1999), Vakili et al.’s patient communication questionnaire (2013) and Niroumendan and Ahi’s compassion competence questionnaire (2018) were used to measure the research variables.

The results showed that there is a relationship between the need for love and feeling of belonging and connection with patient and the competence of compassion (p<0.05). There is a relationship between the need for power with patient communication and the competence of compassion (p<0.05). In addition, there is a relationship between the need for freedom and the competence of compassion (P>0.05;  mean equality=H0); however, there is not any significant relationship between the need for survival and communication with the patient (P<0.05; mean equality=H0).

Considering the relationship found between the need for love and the feeling of belonging and the need for power with patient communication and the competence of compassion, as well as the relationship between the need for freedom and compassion competence, this point can be used in the selection of hospital staff and employing a person in a part of the hospital that suits for their needs. According to the findings of the research, people with a need for love and a sense of belonging can be suitable person to work in a hospital. Furthermore, people with a high need for power and freedom can be suitable person in this profession if these needs are properly guided.

Nurses play a vital role in the healthcare system. Moreover, their commitment and loyalty are keys to achieve organizational goals. The aim of this study is to determine the level of job burnout, organizational commitment, social capital, and their relationship in the work environment of nurses.

Methods and Materials: 

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study has been performed among 215 employed nurses at Razi, Imam Reza, and Valiasr hospitals affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Random sampling method was used to select the nurses and questionnaires were completed through self-report. Standard questionnaires were used to collect the data, including the job burnout scale (Mylymn, 1992), organizational commitment scale (Meyer & Allen, 1990), and workplace social capital scale (Kouvonen). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 19.

This study demonstrated that individuals with more than 10 years of work experience had higher organizational commitment scores compared to others (p = 0.04). Social capital was higher in the age group of 22 to 30 years compared to other older age groups (p = 0.03). There was an inverse relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment (p = 0.03, r = -0.24). However, a positive relationship existed between job satisfaction and social capital (p = 0.004, r = 0.32).

The results demonstrated that job burnout has a negative impact on organizational commitment and a positive impact on social capital. It is recommended to reduce the level of job burnout among nurses by creating suitable working conditions, promoting a sense of efficacy, providing opportunities for personal growth, and promotion opportunity.

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with high mortality rates in male and female. In Iran, lung cancer is the third most common type of cancer and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. This disease has a high mortality rate because patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advance stage of the disease. Therefore, the presence of tumor markers is essential for treatment and early diagnosis of lung cancer. Studies have shown that there are many genetic variants that are significantly related to the incidence of lung cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of key genes in the occurrence of lung cancer.

Methods and Materials: 

This review article has been performed by searching lung cancer, key genes, clinical biomarker, and early diagnosis keywords in various data bases such as NCBI, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.

EGFR, KRAS and TP53 genes have the highest importance and role in the occurrence of lung cancer; therefore, the identification of mutations in the mentioned genes can play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer as a clinical biomarker.

Identification of genetic variants involved in lung cancer can be used as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this disease. Molecular biomarkers can have the potential to improve the current state of early lung cancer detection and treatment methods. Recognizing genetic variants as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis and evaluation of response to treatment for lung cancer can play an important role in facilitating the treatment process, increasing response to treatment, reducing mortality, and reducing material and spiritual damages caused by this disease.

Coronavirus can affect different parts of the body. So that different parts of the nervous system including brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid are involved during this disease and various neurological manifestations appear. The purpose of this review study is to investigate the effects of coronavirus on the nervous system.

Methods and Materials:

 In this review, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran databases were used to search for nervous system, Coronavirus, and Covid-19 keywords and their English equivalents from the years of 2019 to 2023. 135 articles were extracted and 19 articles were included in the study.

The findings indicate that the coronavirus can cause a range of neurological changes and complications by invading the human nervous system, including impaired consciousness, anxiety, depression, acute cerebrovascular events, stroke, and viral encephalitis. Taste and smell disorders and anosmia (due to olfactory epithelial damage by the respective virus) are among the most common sudden neurological symptoms of Covid-19, which are related to the involvement of the peripheral nervous system. There have also been reports of a possible relationship between coronaviruses and MS.

The available data indicate that a wide range of neurological complications reported in connection with Covid-19 are caused by the direct effects of the virus on the nervous system; however, these effects have not been fully determined yet and there is a need for more extensive research. Furthermore, measures should be taken to solve the challenges in order to better identify this virus, so that neurological pathology symptoms can be detected earlier and therapeutic intervention can be performed before irreversible damage.