مجله نظارت و بازرسی
پیاپی 64 (تابستان 1402)

Desertion from the service of soldiers is one of the most common crimes among the armed forces. The implications of the pressure theory seem to explain the causes of this crime to a large extent. Based on this, the aim of the upcoming research is to identify the factors of the desertion crime of soldiers based on the implications of the pressure theory and provide preventive solutions.

The research is qualitative in terms of method and descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, and in terms of nature, it has been carried out using the grand theory method. In order to collect data, a targeted interview method has been used with the inspection chiefs of a military unit. The sample size in this research has been finalized after theoretical saturation and interviews with 28 people. The purposeful sampling method was semi-structured interview. After the interview, Max Kyuda software was used to analyze the findings. The research strategy was based on three elements: themes, concepts and categories. Validity of the findings was done through the opinion of other experts (trinity technique) and its reliability was done through the accurate guidance of the interview process, the interpretation of convergent interviews and the opinion of experts.

The findings of the research show that according to the implications of the pressure theory, managerial, organizational, family, individual, environmental, social, economic and peer factors play the most important role in desertion of conscripts.

The results of the research show that the strategies to prevent this crime can be applied at three levels: micro, medium, and macro, and in case of proper planning based on these data, this crime can be controlled to a large extent in the military unit.

financial managers are an important element in the success of any organization, whose main responsibility is to supervise the financial affairs and advise on the ideas and perspectives of an organization, therefore, understanding the knowledge and skills they need is very important, and this research aims to provide a compilation and the validation of the tool for measuring the knowledge ability of financial managers of executive bodies has been done.

In terms of the practical purpose of this research, with the help of interviews and questionnaires, the dimensions were first identified, and then the important dimensions and components were determined according to the fuzzy Delphi method, and with the help of the AHP method, the weight of each dimension was determined, then the number of initial questions related to Each dimension was designed and 72 questions were designed by interviewing experts. Then, with the fuzzy Delphi technique, a questionnaire consisting of 53 questions was accepted in two fuzzy stages by obtaining the opinion of 15 financial experts of the country (as a Delphi panel) and was compiled as a tool for measuring the financial knowledge of financial managers of executive bodies. The reliability of the questions was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and validity by referring again to the experts.

In all the indicators extracted from the literature review, the average difference is less than 0.2, so it can be concluded that a sufficient consensus has been reached between the experts. Also, among 72 questions, 53 questions have earned a "good score.

The results have shown that this indigenous and compiled tool can be used to measure the ability of financial knowledge of executive bodies.

lifestyle, style of action is based on a specific but recognizable culture. The professional lifestyle of Faraja has special characteristics of the Islamic lifestyle, and the importance and necessity of addressing the lifestyle in this organization in terms of the position and sanctity of the job, as well as the society's imitation of it as a representative of the Islamic system, is one of the concerns. It is important for those in charge.

The research method is evolutionary, and has methodological innovation. In terms of practical purpose, it has been done with a combined (qualitative-descriptive) approach. Validation of the model with a self-constructed questionnaire, the dimensions and components of professional lifestyle and the relationship between them were obtained from experts, and their opinions were analyzed by SPSS software and checked for convergence validity test in SmartPls software.

After collecting information from the rules of pattern making, pattern discovery has been done in the professional life of the internal level of the police organization; Analyzing information by "guessing, selecting, processing" in relation to the dimensions and descriptive components of the pattern, and referring to objectivity, leads to the determination of the subject pattern.

Concluosion: 

Enriching and becoming more Islamic the professional life style of the police originates through communication with God and oneself for self-improvement, in communication with others for transformation, and in communication with the environment for environmental improvement, in the order of priority; On the other hand, by knowing the dimensions and components of this model at different levels within the organization, and by establishing a relationship between these dimensions, it leads to the discovery of an engineered model in Faraja's professional lifestyle.

The science of the judge is sometimes the science of persuasion due to Shari'i evidence. This type of sensory science is placed during proofs and is used in the phase of checking evidence or valuing evidence. After proving the reason, there is no more room for not sticking to the reason and the judge issues a verdict based on the legal reason. The knowledge of the judge is sometimes derived from the judicial emirate. This type of sensory science is an independent reason, in other words, it is placed in front of other reasons. The validity of this type of evidence in the crimes of divine right and human right is always one of the disputed issues between the jurists, including the early and late jurists, in the light of comparative jurisprudence, which is of the type of acquired knowledge and extracted from the contents of the case. In European criminal law, the judge's knowledge is derived from judicial emirates and scientific evidence is basically positive for all types of crimes. Currently, Iranian criminal law is a combination of jurisprudence and European thought. The purpose of the current research is to revise the epistemological foundations of the science of the judge in the measure of comparative comparative studies in order to identify the legal gap and provide new solutions.

The current research is of descriptive and analytical type and data analysis was done in the form of libraries and flash sampling.

This research shows that the legislator's lack of attention to the patterns and principles governing comparative law in the adaptation of each of the concepts in terms of legislation and rule-making has led to contradictions that innovation in the system of objectivity of evidence with the acceptance of science contrary to it and worshiping Shari'i evidences in proving penal crimes are among them.

A comparative study has shown that in Imami jurisprudence, even though the possibility of a mujtahid judge's departure from neutrality is considered unlikely, the judge can rely on his personal knowledge. In Iranian criminal law, the judicial procedure is based on the validity of the judge's knowledge and it is based on They have considered the principle of preference over other evidences. In European law, the system of persuasive evidence is the principle and the judge's positive knowledge of all crimes, and the judge's appeal to personal knowledge is against the principle of impartiality. In common law, it is accepted exceptionally in cases where the judge has expertise in that field, and in Roman Germanic law, it is the standard. Proving a crime is persuading the judge's conscience.

The important role of competencies in improving job activities is clear. Skilled and competent human resources can lead the organization to great goals. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to identify the pattern of skill competencies of the commanders of special units related to the assigned missions.

The current research was conducted in terms of practical purpose, in terms of exploratory nature and descriptive-analytical type with the content analysis method of documents. The research community consisted of the collection of all the documents, instructions and books that were compiled and published in the fields of education and skills required by the employees of the special law enforcement units of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1391 to 1401. In order to ensure the internal and external validity of the research results, the four criteria recommended by Goba and Lincoln were evaluated and confirmed.

The results of the analysis of the findings showed that the skills of the commanders of Faraja special units can be categorized into 5 dimensions, 16 components and 102 indicators. The obtained dimensions were: general skills; specialized professional skills; Individual skills; Management skills andscientific, knowledge and insight skills.

Commanding a police rapid response unit that performs diverse and important missions requires a combination of diverse skills. Therefore, planning for the training and selection of commanders and even empowering them while serving requires attention to all kinds of skills. Some of these skills are general in the military and administrative fields, but many of them are specific to special units and their specialized fields.

The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of Education in the field of command and police management of Amin University of Police Sciences

The research is a descriptive survey in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the method of data collection. The statistical population of the graduates of the 27th course and their commanders is 48 people each. To collect data, the questionnaire of satisfaction and behavior from the perspective of students and their commanders was used. To evaluate the students' learning, their scores and report cards have been examined. Descriptive statistical methods, Klo-Mogrof Smirnov and Chi-Square tests and SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data..

The degree of satisfaction of the students to the educational program in the total variable of satisfaction (response) was calculated based on the average of 4.09, which can be said with more than 95% confidence that the students are satisfied with the educational program provided. The amount of learning of the students in the courses has been positive and regarding the analysis of functional changes from the point of view of students and commanders, it can be said that the functional changes in this dimension are at a favorable level.

the performance area of the graduates is affected by the level of learning, and in the subjects and topics that have obtained a favorable score, they have a good performance in practice and implementation from their perspective and even according to their commanders.

Measuring organizational effectiveness and performance is essential in making strategic decisions and evaluating organizational success. The purpose of this study is to design an model of effectiveness in the public sector studied by police with a thematic analysis approach.

The method of this qualitative research is thematic analysis. Data collection is field and library and with the tools of interview and documentary review. The participants of the study were police experts who were selected by non-random-purpose sampling method and numbered 21 people. Data analysis was performed by Clark-Brown thematic analysis method.

After implementing the data text, 227 primary codes, 64 sub-themes, 18 main themes were identified, including: systemic, achievement, strategic stakeholders, process, human-centered dignity, knowledge-based, vision-oriented, internal stakeholders, external stakeholders and reduction, external stakeholders, reduction Crimes are the improvement of evaluation scores, the promotion of safety in the workplace, the promotion of trust and public participation, the promotion of stakeholder satisfaction, the promotion of organizational health, the improvement of the quality and quantity of inspections, and the promotion of a culture of self-control. The effectiveness model of the organization was designed using the obtained themes.

In the inspection effectiveness model, there are four systemic approaches, reaching the goal, strategic stakeholders and a focused process with the core values of human dignity, knowledge, and perspective.