Journal of adolescent and youth psychological studies
Volume:4 Issue: 8, 2023

In the last half of the last century, marriage has been influenced by many factors due to cultural changes, which have changed the committed relationships of people. Among these factors, we can mention extramarital relationships or infidelity. The purpose of this research was to develop a model of attitude towards extramarital relationships based on attachment styles, emphasizing the role of confrontational styles.

The current research is of the correlation type and the statistical population includes all people with extramarital relationships or the attitude of ordinary people towards welfare, relief committee and counseling centers of Qom province in the year 2021. 320 people were selected as the sample of the study by sampling method. The sample of the research paper included attitudes towards extramarital relationships (Whatley, 2008), adult attachment styles (Collins & Read, 1990) and confrontational styles (Lazarus & Folkman, 1988).

The results of the path analysis test showed that the research model has a good fit. Examining the mediation results showed that coping styles have a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style, easy style and ambivalent style with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that escape strategy has a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style and avoidant style with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that the re-evaluation strategy has a significant mediating role in the relationship between secure style and ambivalent style, as well as ambivalent with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05).

Coping styles play a mediating role in relation to attachment styles and attitudes towards extramarital relationships.

Divorce has adverse effects on children and can have adverse effects on their mental and physical health. Also, divorce has negative effects on children's education. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the lived experience of young people from their parents' divorce, emphasizing the educational consequences.

The present research method was qualitative with thematic analysis and applied in terms of purpose. The participants included high school students of Kurdish city in the academic year of 2022, who were selected purposefully. Some of the criteria for their selection were the experience of parental divorce and the desire to participate in the research. Also, the interviews were continued up to 14 cases based on the theoretical saturation criterion. For validity, face validity was used and for reliability, the agreement coefficient between coders was used, and the result of recoding was 0.86. For data analysis, manual coding method was used in the form of open, axial and selective coding.

The findings showed that 162 open codes, 13 core themes include: taunting by peers, blaming family, stigma of school environment, shame of divorce, family instability, children's cold heart, emotional void, reluctance to study, excessive study fatigue, drop in academic mentality, Change in academic priority, academic aspirations, lack of morale and vitality, weak self-confidence, increased isolationism and increased introversion and 6 optional themes including: social stigma, cultural challenges, emotional challenges, poor education, academic conflict and psychological consequences for the lived experience of young people. Parental divorce was identified with an emphasis on educational outcomes.

Based on the results, it can be concluded that divorce creates different and negative challenges for children and their education, which cultural and educational planners of the country can reduce the negative effects of these effects by empowering them

Motivation as a psychological structure is effective in the well-being of a person. Accordingly, lack of motivation affects emotional states. The purpose of the current research is to design and validate the motivation training program in student girls with depression symptoms.

The present research has been done using a qualitative and quantitative mixed research method. In the qualitative part of the research, semi-structured interview has been used. The study population included 11 female students living in Yazd and purposive sampling method used and sampling continued until data saturation and no new data were available. Based on the analysis of the themes, the pattern of enhancement motivation training program was designed, In the quantitative part of the research, For validation and reliability by the content validity of the educational program template of the CVR (Content Validity Ratio) use. Using purposive sampling method, the proposed model was provided to 24 psychologists and the validity of the data was analyzed.

The results showed that based on CVR, all 20 main themes in the proposed model were confirmed.

In general, it can be acknowledged that the model based on strengthening motivation offers a different perspective in the treatment of depressed patients. Paying attention to the theoretical dimensions of this model and its application in treatment is of special importance.

One of the most common problems that coaches and teachers face in schools and educational environments in relation to students is the issue of adaptation and how to adapt students. Middle school period is the transition period to university level and adaptation in this period plays an essential role in the activities and academic progress of students. Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to increase the level of academic adaptation and academic hope and reduce students' academic anxiety by using mindfulness training.

The current research was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test and a control group. The statistical population of this research included all female students of Bushehr city in the academic year of 2022-2023. In order to select the sample in the first stage, after obtaining the necessary permission from Bushehr Education and choosing a high school, with the available sampling method, 50 students were selected from among the applicants to participate in the training sessions, and from this number, according to the criteria entering and exiting the research as well as other reasons (such as the opinion of administrators, teachers, and counselors regarding the student's academic incompatibility and emphasis on the presence of these students in the meetings, non-cooperation of the participants) out of this number, 40 people remained who were randomly divided into two groups experimental and control groups were placed. The experimental and control groups responded to the research tool questionnaires in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The experimental group received 8 45-minute sessions of training. Follow-up answered Sinha and Singh's AISS (1993) academic adjustment questionnaire and Pekrun et al.'s AEQ (2002) academic emotions questionnaire

The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that mindfulness training has a significant effect on increasing academic adaptation and educational hope and reducing students' academic anxiety.

It is concluded that having mindfulness in educational situations causes positive changes in education and educational environments at an optimal level. In relation to these results, it can be said that the training program has been effective because in this program, the participants' awareness and attention without judgment were improved and they faced challenges with self-acceptance and reduced reactivity. By considering this model, school counselors can affect the academic adaptation and educational hope and reduce the academic anxiety of students.

Among the goals of contemporary education of students is openness to diversity, challenging their own beliefs and values, and learning from diversity so that citizens can be active and responsible and willing to accept challenges and have more comprehensive and complex views of the world and social relations. Have. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the antecedents and factors influencing critical thinking and the consequences of students' critical thinking.

The exploratory qualitative research method is a content analysis type with an interview tool. The statistical population of the research was based on valid articles of critical thinking literature and conducting interviews with 21 expert professors, experts, managers and teachers who are proficient in cognitive education and critical thinking until reaching theoretical saturation, and the method of data analysis was qualitative. And it was done by coding concepts, sub-category and main category in MAXQDA2020 software.

Antecedents affecting critical thinking include: cognitive education, cognitive conflict, questioning and problem solving, problem-based learning, and project-based learning. The consequences of critical thinking include: modifying measures for sustainable education, empowering students, cognitive learning and rational judgment.

The results showed that cognitive training, cognitive conflict, questioning and problem solving, problem-based learning, and project-based learning are effective on critical thinking and cause the consequences of reforming measures for sustainable education, empowering students, cognitive learning, and rational judgment

Despite the high prevalence of mental disorders in these people and the important role of resilience in mental health, resilience in prisoners has not received much attention. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the prevalence of mental disorders and its relationship with resilience among ISIS prisoners of war in Iraq between 2014-2021.

This research was conducted using the SCL questionnaire and Connor and Davidson's resilience. The statistical population of this research is based on the official statistics of the Iraqi Ministry of Migrants and Displaced Persons Affairs and there are 465 thousand people, after making the necessary coordination with the officials of the POW camps among 383 people (based on the Cochran formula) questionnaires were distributed by random sampling method. became Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data.

The findings of the present study showed that the participants in the study suffered from significant mental disorders on average, and all dimensions of the morbid symptoms index were reported at the level of significant mental disorders. Also, based on the results of people's resilience, it was also reported at an unfavorable level. Resilience dimensions include perception of individual competence, trust in individual differences, tolerance of negative emotions, positive acceptance of change and secure relationships, and spiritual influences at an unfavorable level and control at a relatively favorable level.

The results of this research indicated that resilience can predict the index variable of morbid symptoms in an inverse way. In this study, it was observed that people who had less resilience are more prone to mental disorders.

The positive approach emphasizes the ability to expand, nurture, flourish, and perfect human beings and become what they can be, and instead of focusing on diseases and disorders, it emphasizes on abilities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of positive psychological capital on health-promoting lifestyle and rumination in depressed adolescent girls.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of method with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group; The statistical population of this research was the female students of middle school 1 and 2 in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019. By the available sampling method, using the Health Development Lifestyle Questionnaire (1997) and Nolen Hoeksma's rumination, 30 depressed adolescent girls were selected and randomly placed in two experimental groups (15 girls) and group (15 girls). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes as a group intervention based on Luthans and Youssef's (2004) positive psychological capital training. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate one-way analysis of covariance.  

The results showed that positive psychological capital intervention is effective on healthy lifestyle and rumination.

The results of this research showed that the eight sessions of positive psychological capital have been able to significantly improve the health-developing lifestyle of adolescents; Although it was not very effective in the field of rumination. Due to the effectiveness of this treatment method, its widespread use is recommended.

A happy marriage consists of factors such as commitment, respect, intimacy, trust, etc., in their absence, married life faces serious problems. The purpose of this research was to develop a structural model of women's happiness based on the quality of marital relationship and interpersonal trust with the mediating role of dark personality traits.

The research method was descriptive correlation with structural equation approach. The statistical population of the research was all married women in Tehran in 2021. The sample size was 448 people who were selected by the purposeful available sampling method, which was filled with Taghizadeh and Shadmehri happiness questionnaires (2015), Enrich Olson's marital satisfaction (2006), Rempel et al.'s interpersonal trust (2001) and Johnson's dark personality traits. and Webster (2010) were evaluated. The method of analysis and analysis of the findings was done using structural equation modeling.  

The analysis and analysis of the findings showed that the structural model of the research is suitable with the collected data and dark personality traits positively affect and significantly mediates the relationship between the quality of marital relationship and interpersonal trust with women's sense of happiness.

According to the results of the research, it is possible to provide the necessary solutions regarding the relationships of couples according to the discussed variables.

Academic performance is considered one of the important variables in achieving job success and social acceptance in any society, so that sometimes academic performance is considered equivalent to academic success. The aim of the current research was to determine the formulation of the academic performance model based on the duration of using screens, metacognition and the conscious mind with the mediation of self-esteem and self-regulation in adolescents.

The current research was of correlation and structural equations type. The statistical population of the research included second grade high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021, 517 of whom were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. In order to collect the data required for this research, the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire (2001), the Dortaj Academic Performance Questionnaire (2005), the Cooper Smith Self-Respect Questionnaire (2017), the Wells Metacognition Questionnaire (2004), and the questionnaire for the duration of using Tirgar screens (2018) and the self-regulation questionnaire of Miller and Brown (1992) was used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and path analysis.  

The results showed that the direct paths of metacognition, mindfulness and the duration of using screens are significant with academic performance (P<0.01) and the indirect effect of metacognition, the duration of using screens and mindfulness with The mediation of self-respect is significant (P=0.20) and it showed its mediating role well, while although self-regulation has a direct effect on academic performance, it cannot indirectly affect academic performance as a mediating variable. Academic performance has an effect.

It can be said that the duration of using screens and metacognition and mindfulness, along with other factors such as self-esteem and self-regulation, play a key role in academic performance, and it seems that the role of self-esteem is more important. Therefore, in order to increase academic performance, it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in improving the academic performance of students.

Not only is it important to investigate the components and factors affecting it in order to help prevent and treat this disorder in children, but it is also necessary to investigate the effectiveness of effective treatments in reducing the symptoms of this disorder. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of teaching mothers with Barclay's behavioral approach on the dimensions of parenting and anxiety of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was all children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who referred to the specialized children's psychiatric clinic in Gorgan city in the first ten months of 2022. The research sample was 24 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups of experimental (n=12) and control (n=12). The experimental group received Barclay Behavioral Maternal Education in 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The research instruments were the Alabama Form Parent Parenting Questionnaire (1991), and Spence Form Parent Child Scale (2001). Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS-22 software.  

The results showed that parent training with Barclay's approach improved parenting dimensions (parental participation, positive parenting, instability in discipline, weakness in monitoring and physical punishment) in mothers and reduced anxiety in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (P<0.05).

According to the research findings, the use of Barclay's parenting training can be used as an effective method to improve the parenting dimensions of mothers and the anxiety of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by modifying the parenting pattern of parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Sleep problems in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are a significant challenge for parents and teachers. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parent training based on the Conjoint Behavioral Counselling (CBC) model and the application of parent-child relationship training based on games (CPRT) on the sleep quality in students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 

The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was taken from the volunteer parents of students referred to the Roozbeh Mandegar Tehran counseling center with the aim of having physical health, not receiving treatment, not taking medication by the child, and not receiving counseling in the field of parenting from other counseling centers. In order to diagnose attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, CSI4 children's symptoms questionnaire was used. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was also administered. Among those whose children had attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and also had poor sleep quality, 45 people were selected to participate in the research and were randomly divided into groups of 15 people as two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups were trained every week for 1 hour for 10 weeks, while the control group did not receive any training. For data analysis, statistical test of mixed analysis of variance and SPSS-23 software were used.  

The results showed that the quality of sleep has increased in both groups, but there was a significant difference in the comparison of the effectiveness of the two groups (p<0.05) and the CBC pattern was more effective, and in the four-month follow-up, it was found that CPRT is more durable.

The findings of this research showed that both methods can be used to increase the sleep quality of students with ADHD.

The rapid spread and epidemic, its high mortality rate and the absence of any definite and approved treatment and medicine for Corona have caused severe disorders. The aim of the current research was to predict corona anxiety based on the personality characteristics of self-care in vaccinated people at the vaccination center.

The method of the current research is quantitative and has been implemented in a descriptive-correlational way, and it is practical in terms of the purpose of this research. The study population of this research is all the people who visited the vaccination center of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) Complex of West Tehran Azad University in the Fall 2021. Among these people, 400 vaccinated people who received the second dose were selected as a sample based on the amount calculated by Gpower software in a simple random manner. Personality, self-diagnosis and corona anxiety tests were taken from the subject. The data were analyzed using the statistical method SEM.

The results show that Corona anxiety is predicted based on personality traits and self-diagnosis. The path coefficient of neuroticism (P<0.001, β=0.419), extroversion (P=0.002, β=0.160) has a positive and significant effect on corona anxiety and flexibility (P<0.001), β=-0.23) and pleasantness (P<0.001, β=-0.332) have a significant and negative effect on Corona anxiety. Also, the path coefficient of the effect of responsibility on corona anxiety has no significant effect (P=0.464, β=0.036). The path coefficient of the effect of self-care on corona anxiety has a positive and significant effect (P<0.001, 290/ β = 0).

During the corona virus epidemic, the media plays an active role in informing about the news and events caused by this epidemic. Therefore, these notifications will lead to high physiological stimulation and, as a result, negative emotions of people, which leads to people not being successful in regulating their emotions and increases self-morbidity. Accordingly, self-diagnosis is also associated with an increase in anxiety about Corona. Therefore, it is not far from the expectation that self-diagnosis predicts corona anxiety in vaccinated people.

Cancer in adolescence can have a long-term impact on the physical, mental and social life of people in adulthood. As a result, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of health promoting lifestyle education on distress tolerance and life expectancy in adolescences with cancer.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design along with the control group. The research population was adolescences with cancer that referred to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Babol city in the winter season of 2022 year. The research sample was 30 people who were selected by the purposive sampling method, after checking the inclusion criteria and were replaced with the lottery in two equal groups, randomly. The experimental group was educated 8 sessions of 90 minute with the health promoting lifestyle method and during this period the control group was not trained. The research tools were included the demographic information form, Simmons and Gaher distress tolerance scale (2005) and Snyder et al life expectancy scale (1991). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-19 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The findings showed that 8 sessions of health promoting lifestyle education increased distress tolerance and life expectancy in adolescences with cancer (P<0.001).

The results of this study indicated the effectiveness of health promoting lifestyle education on increasing distress tolerance and life expectancy in adolescences with cancer. As a result, counselors and psychologists can use the mentioned method to improve the psychological characteristics of different groups, especially adolescences with cancer.

Today, emotional intelligence is one of the important subjects in the education of students to increase various skills throughout their life. Also, aggression is one of the significant issues of the experts that paying attention to these two issues in the course of students' curriculum can have positive effects. Based on this, the main goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of educational and moral orientations (components) of Nahj al-Balagha on reducing students' aggression.

The current research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and with a control group. The project was implemented in the framework of a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test and with a control group. The target population is all the male students of the first year of high school in one district of Tabriz in the academic year 2016-2017, who were selected by cluster sampling method and 30 students were randomly divided into two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. were replaced and the aggression questionnaire of Bass and Perry (1992) was obtained from both groups. Then, the experimental group was subjected to the intervention of the independent variable "educational and moral components" for 10 sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. After the end of the intervention, a post-test of aggression was performed in both groups to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables of "emotional intelligence, aggression". Data were described and analyzed using standard deviation, mean and covariance analysis.

The findings showed that teaching the educational and moral components of Nahj al-Balagha has an effect on reducing students' aggression and the level of aggression decreases significantly. The calculated F was (72.47) and the significance level was p<0.05. Also, the applicability of using Nahj al-Balagha concepts in schools and other educational centers in order to reduce the aggression of secondary school students had a significant effect. The calculated F was (38.45) and the significance level was p<0.05.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that using the educational and moral orientations of Nahj al-Balagha is effective on the emotional intelligence and aggression of students, and therefore lesson planners and schools can use these orientations in their education.

The phenomenon of informal settlements can bring with it many social harms. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of informal settlements on the amount of social harms such as theft, divorce, suicide, and drugs in the city of Kermanshah.

The current research is an applied research in terms of its purpose. In terms of method, it is a descriptive research and it will be done as a survey; Because the required information is obtained from the current state of the statistical sample using a questionnaire. It is a researcher-made questionnaire of informal settlements and a standard questionnaire of social harms, which is set in 66 items. The statistical population of the present study includes 270,979 male and female residents of informal settlements in Kermanshah city in the year 2021. In this research, 384 were selected as sample members by random-cluster method.

The descriptive findings of the current research show that the reason for migration and choosing the neighborhood of most of the 160 respondents (42.7%) was their economic situation. Also, in the studied sample, 169 people (44.5%) agree to leave the place and 211 people (55.5%) oppose leaving the place, 241 people (63.6%) agree and 138 people (36.4%) oppose. To leave the place, they were on the condition of handing over land or housing, which was the reason for not wanting to leave the place of most of the respondents (151 (42.8%) being close to the workplace). Finally, regarding participation in activities to improve the status of their community during the past 5 years, 177 people (46.1%) participated in the activities and 202 people (53.3%) did not participate.

Based on the statistics and findings of the research, it can be concluded that the main problems of informal settlements are the lack of minimum facilities, which indicates poverty, lack of economic security and forced to migrate to this neighborhood. Addiction to cigarettes and drugs, history of theft, crime and prison or violence, suicide and divorce, all of these factors have come together and caused insecurities and caused social damage among the residents of this neighborhood. Considering that most of these people have migrated from the city to these marginal areas, this confirms that they did not have suitable living conditions and were forced to migrate to the outskirts of the cities with limited facilities and many problems.

Family problems are considered an essential problem for children's growth and this tension often plays a role in children's lives. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the predictive role of the quality of parents' marital relationship on the psychological capital of adolescents.

The current research is considered applied research in terms of its purpose. This research is a descriptive-correlation study investigating the relationship between two variables. The statistical population of the present study included couples referring to 15 counseling centers and their teenage children in Tehran and Isfahan in 2022. Therefore, 150 couples with children aged 13 to 17 were selected in a targeted way. Then, couples responded to Busby et al.'s Marital Relationship Quality Questionnaire (1995) and children responded to Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007). The final sample size was 520 people, which included 150 couples (300 people) and 220 of their teenage children.

The regression analysis showed that the marital relationship quality variable can significantly predict psychological capital. Considering that the value of R2 = 0.388 was obtained, it can be concluded that the quality of the parents' marital relationship predicts about 39% of the children's psychological capital.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the quality of parents' marital relationship can have significant psychological effects on children.