نامه الهیات
سال شانزدهم شماره 62 (بهار 1402)

Islam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures throughout history. The distorted Jewish religion has a negative attitude towards women and he is a secondary existence and a human which must always be submissive and owned by a man And she is deprived of her economic and social rights. The distorted religion of Christianity also considers the creation of woman to be according to man and for him. A woman is an imperfect creature and serves a man And she considers her a deceiver and a seducer You should always be safe from his evil and it does not deserve many human rights. Islam attaches great value to women. The Quran considers the creation of man and woman as independent and the essence of humanity as one and he considers women as worthy of benefiting from all human rights and she places her in the ranks of men in reaching the stage of perfection and closeness to God.

The civil liability of the doctor, as one of the discussed categories in the field of civil liability and private rights, is very important. Civil liability in Iranian law is based on the theory of loss and accrual, according to the majority of jurisprudence. Based on this, most of the jurists have justified the doctor's responsibility by relying on these two rules. The result of this is that the doctor is responsible in any case if he is responsible for harming the patient, whether it is prescribing the wrong medicine, or negligence in surgery, etc. It is known, and in case of incurring a loss, he is liable only in the case that he is at fault.According to the review of the historical course of the approved laws regarding the responsibility of the doctor in Iranian law, according to the Penal Law of 2012, if the doctor is not at fault in knowledge and action, there is no guarantee for him, even if he has not been acquitted (Comment 1, Article 495); In fact, the new penal law has accepted the basis of guilt. This is despite the fact that before this, the doctor was the guarantor of any damage caused to the patient during the treatment, even if he did not commit negligence.

There are obstacles in the path of the promotion of religiosity that sometimes block the path of growth like a barrier, sometimes they slow down its movement, and sometimes this obstacle is so strong that it pushes it backwards and religion and culture aside.. Moreover, since the religious government, in addition to meeting the material needs of the people, is also responsible for providing a platform for the promotion of religion with proper performance, and can solve the obstacles after identifying them. The first group are the internal obstacles that have appeared in the Muslims themselves, and the second group are the external obstacles that have been placed outside the Islamic societies to promote Islam. The purpose of this research is to know the internal and external problems and obstacles on the way of the religious government in order to overcome them by adopting appropriate solutions and taking appropriate and timely action. The research method is descriptive-analytical, the method of collecting information is library, and suitable software, electronic databases and libraries, and written sources have been used as tools. Some of these obstacles are such as showing Islam upside down, trimming the appearance of Islam from Islamic morals among Muslims, excesses unrelated to religion, fragmenting religion as internal factors and being affected by anti-religious cultures in Islamic societies. Destructive anti-religious propaganda aimed at destroying the face of Islam, virtual space, promiscuity, and emerging mysticism can mention as external factors.

One of the important issues in hermeneutic interpretation is paying attention to the specific language of the text. Knowing the language of the text is a kind of approach to the text to understand the author's intention. This is an emerging debate among Quran scholars and there are fundamental differences in it, but the linguistics of the text is considered "the model of human culture" in the eyes of many thinkers. By carefully interpreting the narratives, there is evidence of the Ahl al-Bayt's attention to this important element in understanding the Qur'an, and discovering its aspects requires scientific effort in this field. In this article, an analytical-descriptive method has been tried to analyze this topic in the commentary traditions of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) as those who are fully aware of the entire Qur'an from all aspects. For this purpose, discussions on the linguistics of the Qur'an have been discussed, and by stating the importance of this science, in the perspective of methodical hermeneutics, as well as the discovery and rereading of traditions with regard to linguistics, components of this topic have been identified and introduced in the words of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH). be made

Among the theological topics discussed among Islamic thinkers; The subject is the prostration of the angels to Adam (pbuh). Therefore, the discussion of "necessity of prostration of angels on Adam" is one of the important and necessary topics of knowledge. Sajdah is the most beautiful state and the most magnificent and submissive manifestation of worship in front of Hazrat Ahadit, and servants in the state of prostration are closer to Hazrat Haqq than in any other situation. We believe that prostration is not permissible for anyone other than the holy essence of God, because prostration is the ultimate submission and a clear example of servitude, specific to the one and only. Due to the fact that the Quran is a book of guidance, the correct understanding of the divine verses is effective in the degree of human guidance, as a result, it is very important to examine the verses related to the prostration of the angels, so this research, in a descriptive-analytical way, investigates the necessity and reason for the prostration of the angels to man. (AS), and refers to the reason for Satan's disobedience in implementing the divine order. Prostration of the angels for Adam (as), according to the commentary of the commentators; It does not mean worship, but it was for respect, bowing and honoring Adam (pbuh), and since this was ordered by God, carrying out its command is like worshiping God, and prostrating thanksgiving for the creation of such a wonderful being called human.