نشریه پژوهش های جرم شناختی پلیس
پیاپی 11 (تابستان 1402)

With the advancement of technology, the ways of committing crimes have also changed and it has turned into an advantage for the police and the judicial system who have the task of detecting crimes and prosecuting the accused. based on this and in order to improve the quality of crime detection, it is necessary to redefine traditional methods and update them based on new technology. based on this, in this article, we will examine what effect the use of nanotechnology has on the process of crime detection.

This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way.

The use of nanotechnology leads to a better formation of the position of the scientific police and more equipping of the forensic medicine in the process of crime detection. the emergence of nanotechnology techniques using nanoparticles has shown great potential in the development and identification of fingerprints up to the next generation level known as nano fingerprints. regarding the detection of the crime of forgery, it should be said that one of the methods of countering and detecting forgery is the use of nano barcodes, nano composite labels and nano labeling.

Nano technology is also used to detect the remnants of explosives. Also, one of the most important issues in forensic medicine and crime detection is estimating the time of death, and nanotechnology has been able to provide an appropriate response to this challenge. Nanotechnology also plays an important role in DNA analysis and estimating the age of blood stains, and with the advancement of science, the use of nanobiotechnology has become widespread in crime detection.

Considering the characteristics governing security crimes and the complexity of the discovery and the preliminary investigation process related to these crimes, it is important to review and analyze the legislative policies in this area. Therefore, with the brevity and ambiguities that exist in the area of security crime proceedings, the purpose of writing this article is to estimate the existing challenges and provide solutions to solve them.

In terms of purpose, this research is practical and in terms of the nature of the data and the method of implementation, it is qualitative research and exploratory. For data analysis, the method of content analysis of interviews and related scientific documents has been used. For this purpose, the legal provisions related to security crimes proceedings, jurisprudential and scientific sources were examined and 25 organizational and non-organizational experts (academic experts, judicial authorities and crime detection officers) were selected in a targeted manner and the theoretical saturation stage was conducted in-depth interviews. It was done. The reliability and validity of the data was confirmed based on three indicators: "Transferability", "Verifiability" and "Reliability Audit".

Based on the results of the content analysis of the reviewed documents and the conducted interviews, the challenges in the field of detection and investigation of security crimes in the police investigation process can be divided into 34 basic themes and 4 organizing themes (silence, ambiguity), summary and legal void) and two overarching themes (the need to revise the law and develop a differential procedure).

Due to the substantive and formal characteristics governing security crimes, as well as the ambiguity or brevity in the existing legislative policies, the process of discovery and preliminary investigation of these crimes is always accompanied by challenges, especially in the face of ensuring and guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of individuals.In the field of criminal policy, in order to resolve the ambiguities in the process of discovering and prosecuting these crimes, it is necessary to adopt a codified differential procedure or to amend and update existing laws in this field.

The components governing the efficiency of the criminal policy system in the management of crime prevention play a decisive role in the fate of the policy system due to their scope of influence. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the governing components of the efficiency of the criminal policy system in the management of crime prevention.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the type of research, which was collected and analyzed by using library resources and examining a wide range of documents and procedures and other research works.

the use of a macro approach in the analysis of the crime phenomenon, a systemic approach in criminal policymaking, rationality in criminal policymaking including (elite participation in the policymaking process, proportionality of goals and methods, dynamism and creativity based on foresight) and Policymaking based on good governance indicators is one of the findings of this research.

By formulating and optimally implementing rational policies effective in reducing delinquency, accurate and systematic evaluation and analysis of the results of policy formulation in the field of practice and improving the efficiency of preventive policies and strategies in the shadow of the operationalization of the obtained components In this research, the main goals of the criminal policy system in the management of crime prevention can be achieved.

Violence is the use of force to put others in a situation against their will. The aim of this research was to predict the expression of physical violence based on irritability, irritability, and impulsiveness according to the mediating role of social expectations and violent environment pattern in Nahavand prisoners.

The method of this research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was all the prisoners of Nahavand in 2017 who had a history of fighting and physical conflict. 115 prisoners were selected using the available method and answered the researcher's questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation method and path analysis, and with the help of SPSS-25 and Lisrel software.

The amount of violence was estimated based on the spectrum of low, medium, and high, so that the amount of violence was low in 27 people (23.48 percent), moderate violence in 69 people (60 percent), and high violence in 19 people. (16.52 percent) of the participants were observed. The results showed that there is a relationship between physical violence and petulancy, irritability, impulsiveness, social expectations, and the environmental pattern of prisoners (P < 0.01). Also, irritability, irritability and impulsiveness predict physical violence through social expectations and environmental pattern (P < 0.01). The contribution of petulancy, irritability, impulsiveness, social expectations, and environmental pattern in predicting physical violence was 0.18, 0.21, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.24, respectively.

The role of the environment and environmental expectations or conditions that exist around a person are very important in the occurrence of physical violence. In this regard, intrapersonal characteristics such as petulancy, irritability, and impulsiveness can also have a double effect on the occurrence of physical violence in the studied samples. Therefore, the environment and environmental expectations mediate between individual characteristics and physical violence.

The change in the lifestyle of the societies in recent decades and the tendency of the majority of people in the Iranian society to virtual space as a second place of life has created the context for the synchronization of criminal policy with this change and evolution and the adoption of new and efficient legislative and judicial policies. Iran's criminal policy should be affected by these developments and take steps towards drawing a new criminal policy in the field of cyber space.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the type of research, which has been collected and analyzed using library sources.

Scrutiny in the drawn policy leads to a result that indicates blockage and inefficiency. Obstruction in prosecuting computer crimes in terms of criminal inflation, ineffective rules of jurisdiction, ambiguity in the concept of apparent computer crimes, normative vacuum and ineffectiveness of electronic evidence are the manifestations of the crisis in Iran's criminal policy in the field of computer crimes, which are influenced by traditional thoughts, approaches and policies towards the phenomena. have emerged.

The solution to prevent the aggravation of the existing crisis is to draw and implement a unified, differential and interactive criminal policy in the field of legislation and amending regulations in the light of the aforementioned policies.

The occurrence of family murders will decrease the feeling of social and psychological security of the society and will have a negative effect on the increase of security indicators. Identifying factors affecting family murders can help the authorities to take appropriate measures to prevent this issue. The purpose of this article is to identify motivational factors effective in the occurrence of family murders.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative and exploratory in terms of the nature of the data and the method of implementation. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The studied population of the murderers of family murders in Mazandaran province since 2022 have been in the prisons of this province, the sample size was 17 people who were selected by purposeful sampling. The semi-structured interview data collection tool was analyzed with thematic analysis strategy and three stages of coding in MAXQDA20 software. In order to check the reliability and validity of the interview, in addition to the supervision of an expert (supervisor) to increase the level of verifiability of the information, the identified themes were discussed with some of the interviewees and their opinion was applied regarding the correctness of these results.

In this research, 9 dimensions were identified as motivating factors for family murder, which are: marital relationships, family interactions, behavioral problems, lack of self-control, personality and personal disorders, personal cynicism, mental and physical violence, family disintegration. and family context.

The results of the analyzes conducted on the interviewees showed that the factors of family interactions and personality and personal disorders are in the first place and personal pessimism and mental and physical violence are in the last place among motivational factors.