نشریه تحقیقات تمثیلی در زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 56 (تابستان 1402)

Decision making is one of the important characteristics of human life. Also, knowing mental biases can help people to make less mistakes when making decisions. The research issue is teaching mental biases to the audience in the form of parables. The importance of this essay is in explaining the decision-making skill without being influenced by mental bias. The purpose of this essay is to explain anchoring bias using allegory for the audience and using the teachings of psychology and literature in everyday life.
The attempt is to answer the question, what is anchoring bias? And what solutions are presented in the parables of Marzban nameh to deal with this bias? So far, no research has been done specifically in the field of cognitive biases in Marzban nameh. The descriptive research method is an analysis that has been done using library resources
The findings of this article show that using parables is the best way to teach the audience and in order to avoid falling into the trap of anchoring error, it is better to be patient when making decisions and collect more information.

Masnavi is an allegorical work in which Rumi expressed mystical and didactic truths with symbolic language; The purpose of this research is to investigate the methods and techniques of Rumi's allegory and reasoning in expressing Masnavi concepts in some anecdotes. In this way, they first studied and took notes on the sources in the field of parables, and then, by carefully examining Masnavi, they started to categorize and organize allegorical concepts and reasoning methods of Rumi in this precious work. This research is descriptive and analytical and based on library information, study and note-taking of existing books and articles, and with a detailed study of Masnavi text.
At the end, they have given some examples under the following titles such as: Fable (animal story) and Parable (human story), Exemplum (story-example), proverb, as well as rhetorical reasoning methods and allegorical reasoning. And they have concluded that by using these methods, Rumi has conveyed his intended concepts to his reader in a convincing manner.

To convince the audience or to express and convey their mystical concepts, mystics have used various linguistic and literary tools, which is one of the most effective ways to engage the audience is to use allegory. On the other hand, most of the poets have not neglected Quranic verses, hadiths, and the words of religious elders to strengthen their words. As the first person who officially introduced mysticism into Persian poetry, with the acceptance of the Quran and hadith among Muslims, Sana'i used verses and hadiths wherever he saw it necessary in religious and moral issues to prove his speech and convince and approve his audience and in this way, he easily makes his speech acceptable to the audience. In allegorical stories, using hadiths, he has dealt with concepts such as greed and avoidance of worldly friendship, sustenance, and sustenance, purity and sincerity, and imperfections of the world, keeping in mind the path of the hereafter. This essay was compiled by descriptive-analytical method and using library studies. And also to answer some fundamental questions, including the place of allegory in mystical literature, and to what extent Sana'i has used the allegorical method to convey and understand abstract concepts. It has reminded the value and capability of allegory in expressing one or more mystical or moral concepts.

Fox is one of the names that has become associated with cunning since time immemorial. Adding the adjective “old” to this name casts light on other aspects of the deceptive power of this animal. This subject becomes important when we know that in a given point in the history of Iran, i.e. Enlightenment Age, the phrase “Old Fox”, is used as the point of resemblance to describe the Great Britain. This phrase has been frequently used by the media and writers in their similes and turned to an inseparable part of the political culture of Iran. The Enlightenment poets based on their knowledge of this high potentiality for giving depth to their words proceeded to overcome the strangulation space and enlighten the people. Since the point of resemblance in this simile is hidden, we have struggled to explain it in this essay. The fundamental question of this writing that we are trying to answer is: Why, of all the interpretations used to demonstrate British cunning, only the title of "old fox" has persisted? This study was conducted using descriptive-analytical method. The necessity of such research is because the pseudo-aspect is hidden in this allegory and needs to be investigated. A writing that examines why the pseudo-face is covered in this allegory likeness is not written and hence it is new.

Many of the stories of the Masnavi of the Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab, are human allegories, and Jami has used them to explain general and deep meanings. These stories have moral and religious purposes and are written for the reader's pleasure. Factors such as limited space, short time, and few fictional characters make the allegorical stories of this book fall under the category of short stories. In this research, which was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method, the character and characterization in the allegorical stories of this Masnavi were investigated in order to answer the following questions: What are the types of characters in the allegorical stories of Al-Zahb? What methods has Jami used in characterizing allegorical stories? Because characterization is one of the components that shows the artistic power of the poet or writer and is an important factor in revealing the characteristics, moods, attributes and thoughts of the character; Therefore, it is necessary to explain the way of attitude and processing of the characters in the allegorical masnavi of the the Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab in order to be effective in understanding its deep meanings. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the types of characters and methods of characterizing in this Masnavi. The results of the research show that most of the characters in this allegorical system are static and simple, and in the methods of characterization, dialogue and direct description have the highest frequency.

In general, allegory has various definitions. Because the use of allegory makes poetry more beautiful and shows original roots & resourse, poets who have more innovation in creating allegory; They create more lasting works. In this research, we intend to examine the types of allegory in Ahmed Boroujerdi's poems which has not been researched. In order to analyze this feature in the poem of the poet – Ahmad Brujerdi- in question, according to the structure of Ahmad Boroujerdi's compositions, the need for further explanation was felt, which with further exploration of these stages accepted.
There have been few researches about this poet's poetry, and dealing with various effects in his poetry can be an idea for other researchers' researches. In this article, which has been done with a descriptive analytical method based on the library method, the question has been answered that what methods of innovation did Ahmed Borujerdi use in his poetry?