فصلنامه نوید نو
پیاپی 86 (تابستان 1402)

The pragmatism in various studies is considered as the philosophy of science and a philosophical movement. The present study was conducted with the aim of answering the question whether the introduction of pragmatism as a philosophy of science is correct or has problems.

In this letter to the editor, first, the studies published in the reliable databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and Google scholar search engine using the keywords Pragmatism, Doctrine/Philosophical Movement, Philosophy, perspective, Worldview until 2023 and also the English equivalents of these keywords in internal databases including Irandoc, Magiran and SID were examined until 1402 without time limit. Finally, the studies were descriptively combined with each other.

According to the definition of philosophy based on the systematic study of general and fundamental questions, such as issues related to existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind and language. Conclusions from the studies and claims of pragmatists show that the answers to these questions are probably not compatible with the spirit of pragmatism.

Due to the fact that pragmatism has not given a clear and definite answer to the basic philosophical questions. On the other hand, the words used have little compatibility with the reality of pragmatism, so there is a need for more studies to answer this question.

 One of the annoying symptoms that heart failure patients experience is thirst and dry mouth.This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of cold water spray on the severity of thirst and dry mouth in patients with heart failure.

 In this controlled clinical trial study,the statistical population of all heart failure patients hospitalized in the Imam Reza and Qaim hospitals, which were selected by the available sampling method.After completing the informed consent form, the patients were randomly assigned to test or control groups.The intensity of thirst and dry mouth was measured using numerical rating scales.In the control group,wetting the lips and mouth with wet swap and in the test group,the cold water spray program was implemented every two hours from 9:00am to 5:00pm for 3days.The intensity of thirst and dry mouth was measured every 24hours.At the end,the data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21.

 According to the findings,before the intervention in the average intensity of thirst and dry mouth at the moment,the intensity of thirst and dry mouth in the last 24 hours and the worst intensity of thirst and dry mouth in 24 hours between the test and control groups,there was no significant difference.(P>0.05) After the intervention,the results indicated a significant decrease in the intensity of dry mouth at the moment,dry mouth in the last 24 hours and the worst intensity of dry mouth in 24 hours in the test group compared to the control-group.(P<0.05)

 The findings of the present study indicate the effect of cold water spray on reducing the dry mouth in patients with heart failure.

Since the corona epidemic continues, preventive measures are very important in controlling this disease. In general, teachers play an important role in preventive behaviors, including behaviors to prevent corona, and they can do this as a role model; Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of factors related to preventive behaviors against Corona based on self-determination theory among the teachers of Quchan city.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 on 420 teachers of Qochan city who were selected based on cluster sampling. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used (CVR=0.73, CVI=0.86, and α=0.8) based on self-determination theory. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25 software and using independent t-tests, linear regression test and Pearson's correlation coefficient and their non-parametric equivalents (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman).

The average score of self-determination theory constructs: communication, competence and independence of action showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between these constructs and corona prevention behaviors, so that in the relationship (p<0.05 and r =0.30), in competence (P<0.05 and r=0.62) and in independence of action (P<0.05 and r=0.67) a positive and significant correlation was observed, and the highest correlation was observed in independence of action.

Based on the results, increasing the independence of action, competence and communication improves preventive behaviors against Corona, according to which, self-determination theory can be used as a useful framework for preventive behaviors against Corona.

Following the spread of Covid-19, virtual education and fundamental changes in educational activities spread. In the meantime, creating educational justice is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the situation of fair opportunities in clinical education from the perspective of operating room students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences during the prevalence of Covid-19.The current research was conducted as a cross-sectional, stratified-randomized study. After explaining the objectives of the study and obtaining informed consent, the questionnaires were given to the students. The instrument of this research was a fair educational opportunities questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS and were reported as mean±sd and number(percentage). One-wayANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to examine the data. Fifty-seven students entered the study. Most students(84.2%) reported the status of educational justice as average, and the minority reported its status as favorable(7%). In this research, the minimum score was 43 and the maximum score was 117. There was a statistically significant difference between the score of educational justice and academic semester(p<0.039). So that the 1st semester reported the highest average and the 5th semester said the lowest average. Most students reported the state of educational justice as average and the minority as favorable. The students of the 1st semester showed the highest and the 5th semester the lowest educational justice. According to the results of the present study, detailed plans can be made at the management level of the university to implement educational justice in the university and clinical environment.

Cataract is considered as a public health problem all over the world and the main cause of blindness, which is caused by several factors. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the frequency of cataract eye disease in the population of Jahrom city in 2018. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 500 patient were studied. Sampling was based on sampling in the census of patients with cataracts. Data collection tool included a questionnaire of patients' demographic information, including age, gender, residence status, and type of cataract, etc. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistical tests (frequency, number, percentage) and using spss statistical software version 21. The majority of patients with eye diseases participating in the study were over 50 years old. 50.8% were men and the rest were women. The frequency of cataract eye disease in patients with a family history of cataract was 16.4%. The frequency of cataract eye disease was 51.2% in rural patients and 48.8% in urban patients. The highest frequency of cataract eye disease was in patients who did not use sunglasses (65.2%) and 45% of them were exposed to direct sunlight. The highest frequency of cataract eye disease was in housewives or unemployed patients. The results of this study showed that the highest frequency of cataract eye disease was in patients who did not use sunglasses (65.2%). Therefore, by identifying the predisposing factors of cataract, a step can be taken to prevent or delay the onset of this disease.

Despite the very important role of breastfeeding in preventing the mortality of premature infants, the decrease in the volume of breast milk in mothers with premature infants is common. Acupressure is a non-pharmacological solution to increase milk volume. The aim of the present study was to review the effect of acupressure on the milk volume of mothers with premature infants.

In this narrative review, in order to find related studies, databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Proquest, Magiran, SID, Scopus, Researchgate, and Elsevier were searched using the keywords of acupressure, milk volume, premature infant, neonatal intensive care unit and their combination with AND and OR operators in Persian and English languages from 2010 to 2023.

In this review study, 6 articles were included. The results of the studies investigated in the present study showed that acupressure is effective in increasing the volume of breast milk. It should be noted that all the studies reviewed in this study indicated on the effect of acupressure on the volume of breast milk and differ only in the degree of effectiveness.

Cardiovascular diseases and stroke are among the most common and fatal diseases in the world. These diseases are main cause of death and disability in Iran. This review article was conducted based on searching the related articles in international databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar by searching crocin, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, Arterial hypertension, infarction, and stroke keywords. Several factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and pyroptosis, as well as mitochondrial disorder and endothelium dysfunction are involved in the occurrence and progression of these diseases. On the other hand, crocin has anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-pyroptosis effects and also can regulate autophagy in pathological conditions and has shown many protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. Crocin has a protective role against endothelial disorders by preventing the decrease in the expression of junctional proteins including ZO-1 and occluding. It also prevents the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, and reduces the cell death and infarction area in the brain. Due to its high therapeutic potential, crocin can be considered as a therapeutic agent against cardiovascular diseases and stroke.