نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 5 (پیاپی 160، آذر و دی 1402)

Appendicitis is the most common condition of emergency surgery. Complications after appendectomy include skin complications, infection, postoperative pain, hernia and obstruction. There is a difference of opinion among surgeons on peritoneal repair after abdominal surgery. Therefore, we aimed here to evaluate the effect of peritoneal repair versus non-repair in appendectomy patients in terms of postoperative complications.

The present clinical trial study that was conducted on 126 patients who underwent open appendectomy at Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasuj, Iran, from 2019 to 2020 who had the inclusion criteria. In the present study, randomization was performed systematically. Clinical observations and follow-up of patients was one week, three months and six months after surgery. After collecting and forming the data file in the computer, the information was analyzed using descriptive analytical statistics (including frequency distribution table, analysis of variance, T-test, chi-square) through SPSS software.

Out of 126 candidates for appendectomy, 60 were male and 66 were female. Among them, 64 (50.8%) underwent surgery with peritoneal repair and 62 (49.2%) underwent surgery without peritoneal repair. The mean age of this population was 26.88 13 13.82 years and ranged from 5 to 65 years. The results indicated that in both the peritoneal repair and non-peritoneal repair groups, 62 patients (69.9%) had no infection and 2 patients (3.1%) had purulent drainage, symptoms of infection, and SSI. Moreover, in the group with peritoneal repair, 42 patients (65.6%) had moderate pain, 16 patients (25.0%) had mild pain and 6 patients (9.4%) had moderate pain. In the non-peritoneal repair group, 50 patients (80.6%) had no pain, 11 patients (17.7%) had mild pain and 1 patient (1.6%) had moderate pain. There was no marked difference between the two groups of appendectomy with peritoneal repair and without peritoneal repair, in the presence of infection, hernia and obstruction, as well as pain intensity, but the presence of pain in patients without peritoneal repair was significantly less.

The results of the present study revealed that the appendectomy surgical methods, including open and closed peritoneum, did not indicate a significant difference for wound site infection. On the other hand, the amount of postoperative pain was lower in the open peritoneum group. Therefore, it is suggested to use appendectomy without peritoneal repair in patients with appendicitis.

Acute attacks of epidemics and the physical risk have severe adverse psychological side-effects on post covid patients. Most importantly, COVID-19 survivors who experienced fear for survival are vulnerable to post-traumatic stress symptoms. The present study aimed to determine effectiveness of online compassion-focused therapy in reducing the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms, increasing post-traumatic growth and studying the changes in hippocampus and amygdala volume in recovered patients infected with the corona virus in Shiraz and in It was done in 1401.

The present study was conducted between May 2021 and July 2022 among patients with delta variant COVID-19 in Fars province, Iran. The study’s statistical population included 40 patients with hospitalized history on delta variant (Covid-19) diagnosed with post-traumatic stress symptoms, who were purposefully sampled in two experimental groups (40 people) and control groups (20 people). The control group received standard treatment during this period. Inclusion criteria were not having specific mental disorders, being literate in reading and writing, suffering from corona disease. Exclusion criteria were not fully attending Psychotherapy classes, having a mental disorder. The participants responded to the Tedeschi and Calhoun's post-traumatic growth and development questionnaire, PCL-5 post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire. The researchers measured the volumes of hippocampus and corpus amygdaloideum (amygdaloid body), The 1.5 T MRI was taken at oblique coronal plane using a section thickness of 3 mm without any gap. The researchers correspondingly investigated right-left volume differences for hippocampus and corpus amygdaloideum. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance, univariate analysis of covariance, mean and standard deviation were used.

it was indicated thatSelf-compassion psychotherapy had a significant effect on post traumatic growth (p<0.001, F=62.548) and reducing post-traumatic stress (F=103.335, p<0.001). Furthermore, the volume of the hippocampus and amygdala of the compassion therapy group increased in the post-test phase (F=21.995, p<0.001).

Psychosocial interventions that promote more informed and organized rumination about the pandemic and enhance posttraumatic growth in response to prior traumatic events can help facilitate positive psychological changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in post-chronic patients. slow down and also planning psychotherapy strategies in crises through telemedicine and online services should be taken into consideration.

Pregnenolone acts as a precursor to other steroid hormones and exerts its effect as an anti-inflammatory molecule to maintain immune homeostasis in various inflammatory conditions. In these diseases, a decrease in the level ofP has been observed, which emphasizes its role in neuroprotection and nerve regeneration and its anti-inflammatory role. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to determine the ability of Pregnenolone in the proliferation of mouse neural stem cells and reduce inflammatory and oxidant markers. of inducing inflammation with lipopolysaccharide in laboratory conditions.

In the present experimental study conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from the embryonic cortex of E14 mice with standard protocol and incubated for 5 days. Subsequently, neurosphere formation and propagation for second passage the survival of the cells was done after pregnenolone combined treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammatory model. The number of neurospheres and cells derived from neurospheres were counted after 5 days of incubation in the inflammatory model. The supernatant of the cells was removed and the levels of oxidant and antioxidant markers MDA, NO FRAP, and inflammatory markers IL6 and TNFα were measured by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by one-way variance statistical method and Tukey's post hoc test.

The results indicated that pregnenolone with its effect on inflammatory factors could increase the proliferation of neural stem cells in conditions of inflammation and the greatest effect was observed in the group treated with 10 μM dose of pregnenolone with an increase of 68% compared to the LPS group. On the other hand, it caused a decrease in the inflammatory factors TNF-α (12%) and IL-6 (30%) and oxidative stress factors including NO (38%) and MDA (20%) compared to the LPS group, as well as a significant increase FRAP was an antioxidant marker (P<0.0001) in the model of inflammation caused by LPS in the culture medium of mouse neural stem cells.

The results of the present study indicated that Pregnenolone, by affecting inflammatory factors, increased the proliferation of neural stem cells in the conditions of inflammation, and it was as well able to reduce the amount of inflammatory and oxidant markers in the inflammatory model of the culture medium.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is an important cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to be closely associated with NAFLD. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of interval training and omega-3 on mitochondrial biogenesis in liver tissues of NAFLD rats.

In the experimental study conducted in 2022 at Amol Azad University, 40 male Wistar rats (mean weight 156.98±7.82) were divided into 5 groups: Control-Normal (CN), NAFLD, NAFLD-Training (TRNAF), NAFLD-Supplement (SUPNAF) and NAFLD-Training-Supplement (TRSUPNAF). The supplement groups received 1 g of Omega-3 (per kg of body weight) orally during the intervention period. Interval training program including running on treadmill with a speed of 14-28 meters per minute, was performed 5 days a week for eight weeks. The genes expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) were measured by Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the P<0.05.

Induction of NAFLD decreased the expression of PGC-1α, Nrf1, Tfam and SIRT3 (p=0.0001). The expression of PGC-1α, Nrf1, Tfam and SIRT3 was significantly increased in TRNAF (p=0.041, p=0.048, p=0.043 and p=0.035 respectively), SUPNAF (p=0.044, p=0.042, p=0.037 and p=0.033 respectively) and TRSUPNAF (respectively, p=0.0001, p=0.0001, p=0.0001 and p=0.0001) groups compared to NAFLD; and also, TRSUPNAF compared to TRNAF (p=0.041, p=0.040, p=0.039 and p=0.043 respectively) and SUPNAF (p=0.038, p=0.046, p=0.046 and p=0.045 respectively) group.

The results indicated that exercise training along with omega-3 in the condition of NAFLD was able to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis through an increase in the genes involved in this pathway. Moreover, the combination of Interval exercise training and Omega-3 supplementation has synergistic effects.

Diverse individual and social factors have an effect on well-being, mental health and optimal performance; therefore, effective intervention seems necessary to improve and promote them. As a result, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of education based on positive psychology (PERMA model) on future orientation and self-efficacy of female students.

The present study used a semi-experimental design using pre-test, post-test and follow-up (one month after the post-test) with control group. The experimental group was instructed in the PERMA package, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The statistical population of the present study were all the female students of high school of Yasuj, Iran, in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sampling method was multi-stage clusters and the tools used were the future orientation questionnaire by Maggio et al. (2016) and the Morris students' self-efficacy scale (2001). The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance statistical tests.

The results indicated that the effect of the PERMA model on future orientation in the Perma intervention and control groups in the post-test was significant and positive; That is, education based on positive psychology leads to improvement of future orientation and resilience in the post-exam. The second finding of the present research revealed that the effect of PERMA model training on students' self-efficacy in the post-test was positive. That is to say, education based on positive psychology leads to an increase in cognitive, motivational and metacognitive components of self-efficacy (P<0/05).

The results indicated that more attention should be paid to the processes of planning and implementing intervention and combining both positive and negative characteristics of human performance. Therefore, training and practice based on positive psychology focused on awareness can establish the design and implementation of many interventions.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a reperfusion strategy to increase survival and ejection fraction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the ejection fraction in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted on 176 patients in Golestan and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Ahvaz in 2022. Patients who underwent angioplasty in the first 12 hours (without receiving fibrinolytic drug) and patients who underwent angioplasty within 12-24 hours after referral (after receiving fibrinolytic drug), 40 days after treatment, all Patients were reevaluated. Patients were compared based on the type of lesion, the number of involved vessels, the type of involved vessel and the location of the lesion in terms of the increase in ejection fraction. Descriptive statistics were used to present quantitative data in the form of mean ± standard deviation and for qualitative variables in the form of percentages, tables and graphs. Chi-square test was used to compare frequency in two groups. T-test was used to compare the mean in two groups. Odds ratio was calculated to compare two groups of case and control in terms of the frequency of each genotype. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-test.

The most frequent type of lesion diagnosed in patients was type B (61.4%) and the most common vessel involved in patients was the left anterior descending coronary artery (60.2%). The most frequent area involved in the studied patients was diagnosed as anterior (56.8%). There was no significant difference in the increase of jump fraction between the two groups (p=0.2). A marked difference was seen between the ejection fraction, 40 days after treatment based on the involved area (p<0.001), so that at the beginning of the heart attack and before angioplasty, the highest and lowest amount of ejection fraction was observed in patients with involvement, respectively. It was in the posterior region (46.2±5.9) and anterior region (32.2±6.4), after angioplasty regardless of the time, the increase in the second ejection fraction (40 days after myocardial infarction) in patients with obstruction The anterior artery was observed. Correspondingly, the highest rate of ejection fraction was seen in patients with involvement of the right coronary artery (45.7±7) and the lowest amount of ejection fraction was seen in the involvement of the left anterior descending coronary artery (32.4±6.4) (p<0.001). No difference was seen between patients in terms of lesion type (p=0.2). The number of involved vessels had no effect on EF level after treatment (p=0.9) and no significant relationship was observed between the effect of risk factors and EF level (p<0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, the left anterior descending coronary artery and the anterior region were the most involved areas in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients, which led to a further decrease in the ejection fraction. Furthermore, after angioplasty, a greater increase in the second ejection fraction was observed (40 days after a heart attack).

Among the important factors affecting female infertility, endometriosis (with a prevalence rate of up to 50% in infertile women) has a special place. Endometriosis, which is known as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine tissue, causes a wide range of functional disorders in the process of follicular development and changes in the follicular microenvironment, which ultimately leads to the creation of an egg that is of suitable quality for the formation of The fetus does not have Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate post-translational changes of histones, DNA methylation level and ERβ protein level in the genome of cumulus cells of infertile women with endometriosis.

The present case-control study was conducted at the infertility treatment clinic of Royan Research Institute in 2014. Twenty-four patients were divided into two equal groups. Cumulus cells were obtained from 12 infertile patients with endometriosis and 12 women with male factor infertility (as a control group) under ovulation stimulation protocols for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Extraction of chromatin from cumulus cells was done after stabilization of DNA binding proteins and then cell lysis and preparation of soluble chromatin. The binding and incorporation levels of MeCP2 protein (as DNA methylation marker), two epigenetic markers related to histone modifications (H3K9me2 and H3K9ac), and ERβ protein to chromatin of cumulus cells were evaluated using the corresponding primary antibodies, secondary antibodies conjugated and Nucleosome-ELISA technique. Data were analyzed using independent t-test t and Levene's test.

MeCP2 protein incorporation into DNA was significantly higher in the endometriosis group than in the control group. The level of two epigenetic marks H3K9ac and H3K9me2 in the chromatin of cumulus cells of the patient group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). In addition, an increased level of binding of ERβ protein to the genome was observed compared to the control group.

Epigenetic changes, including histone hyperacetylation and hypermethylation, and DNA hypermethylation of the whole genome of cumulus cells of patients with endometriosis had occurred, accompanied by an increase in the level of ERβ protein binding.

Due to their close connection with humans, flies are able to mechanically transmit many pathogenic agents and thus cause various diseases. Knowing and determining the species of flies is necessary to know the current situation and plan for their control. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the species diversity and relative abundance of medically important flies in Fouladshahr, Isfahan province.

The present study was of a descriptive-analytical type. Sampling was done from April to March 2018 for one year and twice a month in selected stations in Fouladshahr, Iran. The collection of adult flies was done using insect nets and using inverted cone plastic bottles traps. In order to try to obtain the maximum diversity of species, sampling was done in four seasons and six times in each season, twice a month and once in each region. The sampling location was selected based on the proximity to the places where flies grow and develop, such as around the hospital, garbage collection, health and treatment centers, and animal places with the possibility of flies. Daily average temperature, humidity and wind speed were recorded. After catching the flies, they were transported to the laboratory and mounted. A that point they were identified using a valid identification key. The collected data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation and GEE regression statistical tests.

In the present study, 6030 flies from three species, Musidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae, were caught. The highest number of flies belonged to the species Musca domestica (72%) and Sarcophaga aegypti (0.08%) had the lowest frequency. The highest abundance of flies was in the month of July and the lowest amount was respectively in the months of January and February in Fouladshahr. Correlation results indicated that with the decrease in humidity, the population of flies increased (P˂0.004) and with the increase in temperature, the abundance of flies increased (P˂0.0001).

Considering the abundance of flies and their health importance in the study area, it seems necessary to adopt appropriate methods to manage resources and use existing capacities to control the population of flies in the study area.

COVID-19 has numerous and diverse clinical symptoms in different groups, which highlights the identification of common symptoms in children as silent carriers and the timely identification of patients to control the spread of this disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the prevalence of clinical symptoms of COVID-19-19 in children.

The present review and meta-analysis study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The prevalence of symptoms as identification factors of children with COVID-19 at the time of arrival to the hospital between January 2020 and April 2022 was investigated. Articles used in international and domestic databases using the keywords "children", "children", "Covid-19", "symptoms", "clinical symptoms", "fever", "diarrhea", "vomiting" ", "shortness of breath", "cough", "headache", "nausea", "shivering", "body pain", "fatigue" and "malaise" were searched. The collected data were evaluated using the Egger test to check the diffusion error and heterogeneity using the I2 test.

In order to determine the prevalence of symptoms of covid-19 in children, a total of 261 articles were received, and finally 21 articles were considered in the analysis. In general, 2200 patients were examined in the present study. According to the results, fever with an overall prevalence of 47% and a confidence interval of 95% (38.96-50.50) is the highest symptom and diarrhea with an overall prevalence of 6.69% and a confidence interval (5.42-8.05) is the lowest.

According to the results of the present study, fever and cough were two prominent symptoms of the covid-19 disease in children, and considering that these two symptoms are common symptoms in most children's diseases, during the current epidemic, it is necessary to identify sick children or be considered contaminated.

Early childhood caries is one of the most common health problems, and numerous factors play a role in its onset and progression. Investigating these factors and providing timely training for parents can play an important role in controlling the disease. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of early childhood caries and its related factors in children aged 3-6 years in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province in 2019.

In the present cross-sectional descriptive-analytical, 565 children aged 3 to 6 years from kindergartens and preschool centers in the cities of Yasuj, Dehdasht and Gachsaran located at Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran, were selected and included in the study using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The caries diagnosis was done by 3 dental students (one dentist in each city). Collecting demographic data and factors related to premature dental caries was done using a checklist. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square statistical tests and logistic regression.

Mean age of children was 5.03± 0.94. Out of 565 children, 306(54.2%) were boy and 259(45.8%) were girl. 75% of children had early childhood dental caries. Mean of dmft was 5.13 ± 3.69. There was a statistically significant relationship between early childhood dental caries and employment status of mothers (p<0.0001), and fathers (p<0.0001). Early childhood dental caries was less frequent in children whose mothers were housewives and more frequent in children with unemployed fathers. There was correspondingly a significant relationship between early childhood dental caries and the onset of brushing in a child (p = 0.001), doing or not failing to do fluoride therapy (p = 0.0001), frequency of feeding with sweets between meals (p = 0.04), the time of the first dental visit (p = 0.002), and mothers’ education (p = 0.01). In logistic regression analysis, it was indicated that the father’s age (OR = 1.12, CI95% OR = 1.04-1.24, p=0.003), fluoride therapy status (OR = 4.26, CI95% OR = 1.97-9.18, p=0.0001), and dmft (OR = 2.05, CI95% OR = 1.76-2.4, p=0.0001) were predictors of early childhood dental caries.

Considering the high prevalence of early childhood caries in children aged 3-6 years, conducting educational interventions to increase parents' awareness of how to prevent early childhood carries, including the use of fluoride varnish, toothpaste containing fluoride, the correct way to brush teeth under the supervision of parents, counseling Diet, proper feeding of the child and avoiding excessive feeding of the child during the night and the first dental visit of the child are necessary.