نشریه علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 6 (پیاپی 133، شهریور 1402)

An alternative and environmentally friendly method for purifying the environment from pollution is the use of biosurfactant derived from microorganisms. The advantage of biosurfactant is biodegradability, low toxicity, and effectiveness in increasing biological decomposition. Unlike chemical surfactants, surface active substances produced by microbes are easily decomposed, and for this reason, they are very suitable for environmental applications, especially bioremediation. The aim of this study was bioremediation and investigation of the absorption kinetics of heavy metals and Rhodamine B from water by biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.

In this study, a biosurfactant-producing bacterium that was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa HAK02 from the Kahrizak waste site in the south of Tehran was used to produce a surface bioactive agent to remove pollutants. Zeta potential test was performed to detect the load of biosurfactant produced and used in bioremediation. The amount of color removal was done by UV device and the removal of heavy metals was done by ICP_AES analysis.

Due to the negative charge of the substance, it was used to remove heavy metals and Rhodamine B cationic dye. Biosurfactant produced with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was able to remove 95% rhodamine B, 43% Cd2+, and 35% Co2+. Examining the kinetic model of absorption showed that better correlation with pseudo-second order kinetic model.

Bioremediation using surfactants to remove heavy metals and dyeing is a fast and environmentally friendly method. This sample is very suitable for the removal of Rhodamine B and has the moderate ability for heavy metals Cd2+ and Co2+.

Shimbar Protected Area is located in the protected area of ​​Masjed Soleyman city, 80 km northeast of it. The purpose of this study is to estimate the conservation value of Shimbar protected area using conditional valuation method and hierarchical analysis process.

A qualitative model and a questionnaire were used to assess the factors affecting the willingness to pay. The required data were collected by completing a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews with 380 visitors in CVM method and 17 questionnaires in AHP method per year.

The conditional valuation method has been used to determine the conservation value of the Shimbar protected area and the AHP method has been used to determine the consumption and non-consumption values. The average willingness to pay individuals per year and the total protective value for estimating the protective value was 11356 and 1473/1073 Tomans, respectively. According to the AHP method, hereditary, existential, optional, indirect consumption and direct consumption values were ranked 1 to 5 with weights, respectively.

Therefore, considering the high share of heritage value and the importance of this criterion, which includes a major share of the value of all natural resources, including protected areas, which should be given special attention in policy-making.

The Purpose of this research is Provide a Combined Model of Q-Analysis and Interpretation of Environmental Risk of Technologically Sustainable Supply Chain.

Based on this, first, the components and propositions of the risks of the sustainable were identified by the research experts and then, based on the link analysis, which includes the analysis of internal links and the relationships between links and the systemic impact of links to determine the most important element of a connection between the statements of components related to the technological risks sustainable supply chain.

Accordingly, the three components of the economic risk of a sustainable technological supply chain; the social risk of the technologically stable supply chain and the environmental risk of the technologically sustainable supply chain were determined in the form of 28 initial propositions, they entered the Delphi analysis section in order to reach the theoretical adequacy level. In this section, 21 final propositions were approved in the second phase of Delphi analysis.

It was also found that the two propositions of lack of desirable standards and lack of institutional oversight in waste control and the impact of natural disasters due to the geographical impossibility of technology development are considered as the most effective environmental risk measures of sustainable supply chain.

The increased traffic has been followed by many problems in metropolitans, the key of which is air pollution and excessive fuel consumption. Paying attention to public transportation, particularly the bus rapid transit (BRT) system is one of the measures that may be taken, since besides reducing social expenses, it may be very effective in declining air pollution. The main objective of the present research is to study the fuel consumption rate and the emissions rate of various air pollutants including CO2, CH4, and N2O gases in various scenarios of BRT system.

Since traffic and congestion phenomena are complex and dynamic, it is very difficult and sometimes impossible to model them with common mathematical models. To this end, agent-based technologies, highly compatible with these characteristics, can be utilized. In the current research, BRT system’s performance, the fuel consumption rate, and the amount of air pollutants production are estimated using agent-based modeling. This study emphasizes what changes should be made in effective parameters such as bus speed and bus stop time at stations, as well as bus dispatch timing in order to control fuel consumption and reduce pollution factors. This research uses NetLogo software to code the model and run its simulation and considers three different scenarios in line one of BRT system in Tehran (Iran).

following the analysis and comparison of different scenarios, suggestions are made to decline fuel consumption and air pollutants, such as minor changes in the parameters of bus stop times at stations as well as changes in the dispatch time of buses from the terminal in order to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution rates. The results indicate that one of the improved situations was related to the situation of increasing the bus dispatch time parameter and in the bridge scenario, CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions are 1458.6, 1.122, and 11.781, respectively, in one hour of peak passenger time.

According to the results, achieving the goal of reducing fuel consumption and air pollution rates is more suitable in the bridge scenario compared to the other two scenarios. Furthermore, if possible, it is suggested to build bridges at intersections with high traffic, or put the smart traffic light system on the agenda.

Health is one of the issues with a great significance for all members of a society. People always try to protect themselves from harmful effects of pollution; hence, the averting behavior on their part. The present study has tried to estimate the net potable water pollution averting expenditures for citizens of Ahvaz.   

A multinomial logit model was estimated where the water quality parameters (color, odor and taste) were introduced in order to account for both direct desirability and health retention-induced desirability at the same time. In this study, averting behaviors included buying mineral water bottles, commercial treated water containers, and mounting a domestic water treatment system. The respondents’ socioeconomic features were controlled. Awareness of the status quo or a person’s prior experience with tap water pollution was introduced as the perceived risk variable.  

The results showed that the individuals’ willingness to [pay for tap water replacements were 1350, 1105, and 382 thousand Rials for mineral water, commercial treated water containers, and home water treatment systems, respectively. Additionally, it was found that expenses made for mineral and home- treated waters overestimated the averting costs. Figures obtained for annual net averting expenditures were 1890, 1548, and 534 billion Rials for mineral water, commercial treated water, and home- treated water, respectively. Summing up those three figures, the overall net averting expenditures were 3972 billion Rials which indicated the imposition of a huge cost on the society. 

The obtained figure can be used as a basis in cost-benefit analysis of water treatment plant improvement projects in Ahvaz, as well as payment of environmental subsidies.

Given the shift in biological challenges model in the central province in Iran during the last three decades and the priority of environmental crisis management, utilizing NGOs potential as a non-expensive and universal approach has become a necessity. The present research, based on this fact, aimed at semantical reconstruction of the effectiveness of NGOs in environmental sustainable development of the central province in Iran and its results by survey research.

Statistical population includes all active environmental NGOs in the central province with 30 of which semi-structured interviews were carried out. Systematic Struss and Corbin method was used to analyze data.

From data coding, 114 primary codes, 28 subcategories and 11 major categories were extracted and provided in a survey-paradigm model including causal, intervening, background conditions, approaches and results. Causal conditions including structural factors and agency factors; background conditions including unpleasant lived experiences in NGOs and environmental protection network; and, intervening conditions including knowledge and technological management, training and experience exchange were classified. Activists in environmental NGOs try to influence environmental sustainable development through organizational strategies and interactions with the government.

The results showed that organizational strategies in the form of innovation, encouraging green economy activities and symbolic activities and strategies for interaction with government including desecuritizing the activities of NGOs, intervening in decision-making governmental institutions, seeking support from governmental and public institutions help environmental NGOs in achieving their objectives in environmental sustainable development.

The shift from traditional public management (PM) to the new public management (NPM) due to the low productivity of the management system has led to the emergence of concepts of citizenship rights instead of terms such as client in traditional theory or client in modern theories. The emergence of these approaches in accounting, which was borrowed from business management, the purpose of this research is evaluating the green citizenship reporting function of capital market companies.

This research is in terms of developmental and combined methodology. In the qualitative part of the research, meta-analysis and Delphi analysis were used, and in the quantitative part, fuzzy evaluation analysis was used to prioritize the selection of the most effective green citizenship reporting function of capital market companies. In this study, the statistical population in the qualitative section were 14 experts in accounting and financial management at the university level and in the quantitative section were 25 senior managers of capital market companies in Iran.   

The results in the qualitative part indicate the determination of the three dimensions of the company's green citizenship reporting function in the form of 14 indicators. The results in the quantitative section also showed that the critical functions of green citizenship reporting are the most effective way of green citizenship reporting.

It was also found that providing a detailed report on the role and responsibility of specialized environmental committees (A14) as an indicator of critical performance of green citizenship reporting is the most important indicator among the indicators identified at the capital market level to strengthen green citizenship reporting.

Today, indiscriminate collection of medicinal plants from nature is considered a serious problem in Iran. This research reviews the process of plant collection from nature; determine its harmful effects on the forest and rangeland ecosystem and its economic valuation.

Economic value of plants was estimated based on plant seller’s perspective and sales prices in Urmia city. By visiting the stores, interviewing and completing the questionnaire, the results were analyzed by Excel 2016 and SPSS 19. This research was done in the spring and summer of 1401.

The annual value of all the collected plants from the nature of Urmia is 22.285 billion Iranian rials. Rosa canina species with the local name of Itburni has the highest economic value among the studied natural medicinal plants, while Crataegus pontica with the local name of Yemishan has the greatest biomass content. Based on the type of plant organ collected, destructive harvesting includes 56% of the total plant value and 47.5% of the total dry weight of the harvested plant.

The findings indicate that the collecting of medicinal plants is widespread in Urmia. Due to insufficient supervision by the responsible organizations, therefore destructive harvests including root, rhizome, bulb, fruit and whole plant are done. As a result, about 50 percent of harvested species are under threat. Although this annual value (22.285 billion Iranian rials) is not much, it is a good indicator and a warning for natural resource managers and national planners, so that they can plan correctly about the phenomenon of people's invasion of nature.

Water contamination with the toxic arsenic element comes from two sources of human and Earth. The layers and water-soluble arsenic-rich geological units can contaminate both ground and surface water sources. The high concentration of arsenic in water limit of 10 milligrams per liter higher than its standard amount can cause disruptions in human health as well as creating cancer.

In this study, samples of surface and ground water resources at 10 stations in northern and southern Vial located in highlands of Joghtay were gathered in April 2014. Then the samples were sent to Laboratory of Mashhad Ferdowsi University to analyze chemically. The analysis was planned to be done by atomic absorption spectrometry method.

This shows that: (1) The litology of the region has affected the water quality, so that the arsenic density varies from 1.9 to 6.7 m/l. (2) The direction of the slope of Geology layers has affected on the arsenic contamination of water and based of this consumption the highest concentrations of arsenic is in the northern slopes and in the direction of slope Geology layers which has been recorded. (3) Arsenic dissolved in water has no direct correlation with pH.

It concluded that the arsenic density in the selected samples were at the standard level. But some fluctuations were seen in the water-soluble arsenic.

In recent decades, the improvement of living standards in developing societies has led to an increase in the demand of energy carriers (gas and electricity) in order to access more facilities and welfare. This study has been carried out with the aim of long-term energy planning in industrial cities for the establishment of CHP[1] projects, reducing energy consumption, using the heat resulting from energy consumption in different parts of production and the effect of different policies to reduce carbon dioxide.

In line with the implementation of the study, firstly, the input values of different fuels in the industries and the effective factors in the consumption and heat demand in the industries were investigated based on the reference scenario, then the plans of the industries and government policies to reduce fuel consumption and the use of production heat. In line with this goal, the amount of fuel consumed in a base scenario (BAU)[2] in the existing industries in Leya industrial town (Qazvin province) was investigated during the years 2016 to 2019.   

The current and future productions in the country's industries and the investigation of energy consumption and usable heat generation during the use of fuel in the country's industries were determined by the LEAP[3] model in the base scenario. Then, the alternative methods of energy saving and the use of produced heat and the use of CHP technologies have been investigated for a period of 15 years. In 1414, about 30% of electricity and heat consumption is provided by CHP. Due to the replacement of CHP systems, the consumption of natural gas in the industrial sector will increase by 3% and the price of crude oil and petroleum products will decrease.

The result of the simulation in the exploitation of the CHP system resource usage scenario for the next 15 years (1414), by LEAP software, shows that all the primary energy carriers in Lea Industrial City will reach the reference state and in the year 1414 with a reduction of about 30% in domestic electricity consumption from the public electricity network and its production by CHP systems