نشریه پژوهش های کارآفرینی و نوآوری
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، تابستان 1402)

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial behavior through the mediating role of entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention.

The research used a quantitative-survey method to collect data through a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of five parts covering demographic information, entrepreneurial enthusiasm, awareness, intention, self-efficacy, and behavior. The study focused on master's students at Payam Noor University in Rasht, with a population of approximately 300. A sample size of 168 was determined using Cochran's formula, and 180 questionnaires were distributed. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling with SMART PLS 3.2.8 software to test hypotheses and draw inferences.

The results of the path analysis showed that entrepreneurial passion has a significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior, and entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy also play a mediating

Entrepreneurial passion strongly influences entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention, making individuals with high enthusiasm more likely to become entrepreneurs. This research is valuable for government education departments, NGOs, and institutions focused on developing students' entrepreneurial skills. The study demonstrates the positive impact of entrepreneurial enthusiasm and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention, improving goal attainment through increased confidence in effective business creation. Universities prioritize entrepreneurship education to foster intentions and successful entrepreneurial behavior, emphasizing the consideration of passion, awareness, and self-efficacy in program development. Encouraging students to initiate businesses and contribute to economic development is promoted, with entrepreneurship integrated into various educational streams. Academic institutions should facilitate student participation in entrepreneurship seminars, projects, and business plan development. Management should focus on nurturing entrepreneurial characteristics and fostering industry connections to enhance students' adoption of innovative technology in entrepreneurship studies.

The objective of this study is to investigate the role of insurance funds in promoting rural entrepreneurship and developing businesses in rural areas. The study draws inspiration from the theory of new institutionalism and emphasizes the importance of accepting institutional beliefs, developing institutions, and creating supportive infrastructures for rural entrepreneurship. This study adopts an action research approach to examine the structure and business model of insurance funds in rural areas. The research is guided by social business models and the theory of institutionalism. The primary focus is to explore the potential for expanding the role of insurance funds beyond traditional coverage and to align them with the institutional beliefs and needs of rural communities. The opinions of 20 experts are collected and analyzed to gain insights into the topic. The research findings indicate that insurance funds, in addition to providing insurance coverage, can effectively address various challenges faced by rural communities. These challenges include limited access to financial resources, education, business consulting, market opportunities, and technology. By expanding their services and incorporating additional support functions, insurance funds have the potential to contribute significantly to the development, sustainability, and prosperity of rural businesses.The study identifies several key aspects that need to be considered for the transformation of insurance funds. These include requirements for change, existing capacities, barriers to change, social challenges, and responsive services. The research also highlights the importance of defining and promoting certain values, as well as developing the necessary competencies among employees to effectively implement the proposed changes. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that restructuring insurance funds in rural areas is essential for fostering rural entrepreneurship and promoting business development. By aligning with institutional beliefs, addressing the diverse needs of rural communities, and expanding their services beyond insurance coverage, insurance funds can become instrumental in supporting rural businesses. The proposed changes, including the identified requirements, capacities, responsive services, values, and competencies, can serve as a roadmap for enhancing the effectiveness and impact of insurance funds in rural areas.

Success in the tourism industry is the result of a new vision of innovation, called open innovation. In this regard, the present study investigates the role of innovation level, external openness, and open innovation management in the innovative performance of small and medium-sized tourism businesses in Guilan province.

This research is an applied and a descriptive-survey study in terms of purpose and method, respectively. The statistical population of the study was 713 managers of small and medium-sized tourism businesses in Guilan province. According to Cochran's formula, 250 of them were selected by purposive non-random sampling. To collect data, questionnaire of Iglesias-Sánchez et al. (2019) were used. The construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by convergent and divergent validity and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and factor loading. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling.

External openness and open innovation management have almost the same positive and significant effect on innovative performance and the innovation level affects innovation performance less than these two variables.

The innovative performance of tourism businesses is influenced by all three variables of innovation level, external openness and open innovation management; In fact, these variables help to introduce and offer new and high-quality products and services, increase customer satisfaction and loyalty, and finally, increase sales revenue from new products and services.

This article examines the relationship between general and specific human capital and their impacts on international performance, with the mediating role of opportunity beliefs and cultural intelligence. This study assumes that opportunity beliefs are an important factor in promoting international new ventures, and evaluates the concepts related to the qualitative characteristics of employees as human capital in the form of general and specific human capital, as well as considering the level of cultural intelligence of employees in firms.

Using 144 samples from international firms and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the research hypotheses were investigated.

It was found that the mediating relationship of cultural intelligence as well as opportunity beliefs between human capital and international performance were confirmed. Therefore, international firms should focus on their human capital and clarify and enhance the cultural intelligence of employees. This is because this study showed that human capital has a positive effect on cultural intelligence, and investigating other mechanisms that measure the role of cultural intelligence can be considered in future research.

For the first time, this study focuses on the relationship between general human capital, specific human capital, cultural intelligence, opportunity beliefs, and international performance. The results indicate that the skills, abilities, attitudes, and beliefs of employees are critical factors in their success in diverse cultural environments. The positive correlation between human capital and opportunity beliefs emphasizes the importance of investing in employee skills and training to increase their readiness to pursue global market opportunities. Additionally, the relationship between cultural intelligence and opportunity beliefs shows that cultural intelligence can play a significant interactive role in employees' preparedness to pursue global opportunities. Future research should further investigate these findings and examine the role of other intermediaries in behavioral domains.

The primary objective of the current study is to examine how social entrepreneur leaders approach solving social problems. One of the social entrepreneur's basic tenets is identifying and solving social problems. The main necessity is theoretical research and previous researches have paid little attention to social problem solving behaviors. Another necessity of the research is to pay attention to identifying the social problem and solving the social problem in entrepreneurship. Field behaviors shape social problem-solving. Bandura's social cognitive theory (1977) is the leading theory used.

The method is exploratory, applied in terms of purpose, and gathering data is qualitative-narrative. The studied community comprises all social entrepreneur leaders who have solved a social problem through their activities. The time for data collection is 2019, and the unit of analysis is a person who aspires to be a social leader and solve social problems. By snowball sampling, ten interviews were done, and theoretical saturation was reached after the eighth interview.

The findings indicate that social entrepreneurs' problem-solving behaviors include views and beliefs, social responsibility, social incentive, and social self. The society, according to which the social problem is diagnosed, and then responsibility and social incentives are developed, is the most critical problem-solving behavior used by social entrepreneurs.

The objective of this paper is to examine the role of open innovation in economic development and its impact on business growth. It aims to explore the relationship between innovation, open knowledge, and business ecosystems, and understand how open innovation contributes to the growth of organizations and society. The paper utilizes a case study approach, reviewing recent articles that provide insights into open innovation and its implications. The research employs theoretical frameworks and various methodologies to analyze the concept of open innovation and its relevance to economic development. The study also considers the transfer of knowledge and the formation of networks in open innovation processes. The findings highlight the positive relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic development. Open innovation, with its emphasis on knowledge sharing and collaboration, enables organizations to take advantage of a wide network of technology and expertise. This leads to faster progress, growth, and development of businesses within a dynamic market environment. The paper concludes that open innovation plays a crucial role in fostering economic development. By promoting knowledge transfer and collaboration, open innovation facilitates the growth of organizations and contributes to societal well-being. Understanding the significance of open innovation and its impact on business ecosystems is essential for leveraging innovation for sustainable economic growth.

The objective of this study is to identify various types of innovation in the tourism industry in the tourist town of Namak Abrud, located in the Mazandaran province, based on the services provided by businesses in this town.

The research method employed in this study is qualitative, utilizing in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 13 entrepreneurs selected through snowball sampling, along with observation. The research propositions were analyzed through theoretical coding of the data.

The results of the study revealed three types of innovation in the tourism industry: evolutionary innovation, incremental innovation, and indigenous innovation. These findings contribute to the theoretical literature in the field of tourism.

In summary, the findings of this study indicate that, similar to previous research suggesting that most innovative activities in the tourism industry are gradual in nature (Burger, 2002:322), the three types of innovation identified in this study are also gradual and do not have a revolutionary nature. Therefore, other businesses in the tourism industry can utilize these three types of innovation according to their needs to generate new ideas and provide higher-quality services to customers. Additionally, the results of this study have improved the categorization of gradual innovation in the field of tourism, enhancing the existing research literature in this area.