نشریه سلامت و آموزش در اوان کودکی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 13، پاییز 1402)

To investigate the effect of aesthetic elements in the design of the educational space of pre-primary centers based on the instructions of the country's welfare organization and the adaptation of Iranian kindergarten spaces to the existing standards.

The current research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of main purpose and quantitative and qualitative in terms of practical purpose. Documentary and field sources were used to collect information. For the qualitative method, two schools, "36-grade Kindergarten, Hangzhou Gudon Road, China and Sebra Kindergarten (Vensild, Kolding, Denmark)" were analyzed, and a questionnaire was used for quantitative analysis. Out of 326 kindergartens located in Tabriz city, 20 kindergartens were the data were analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics.

The results showed that postmodernism in developed countries has been able to improve the quality of kindergarten spaces. But in developing countries like Iran, the quality level of kindergarten spaces is still at a low level, and postmodernism has not been able to bring the necessary effects in terms of learning and creativity to children in terms of aesthetics. Also, few findings showed that kindergartens in Tabriz city are at low level in terms using aesthetic elements and the existing educational spaces are far from the standards.

Kindergarten buildings are generally not designed for this use. In none of them, attention has been paid to the quality of space. Spaces are not responsive to children's spirit. In general, they do not have refreshing atmosphere and background to strengthen the child's sense of aesthetics.

Cognitive development is the process of acquiring mental functions that enable people to understand and interact with their environment from birth. The present research was conducted in order to investigate the cognitive development of the concept of human in elementary school boys and its comparison with Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

The current research method is qualitative, deductive-inductive. The research participants were 90 students from the first to sixth grades of Rasht city schools in the academic year of 2018, who were selected through available sampling. In order to collect information, a semi-structured interview was used, which continued until theoretical saturation. In the first stage of the research, That is, the inductive part, interviews were conducted with students and then coded and analyzed using the thematic analysis method recommended by Saldana (2014).  In the second stage, i.e. the analogical part, the findings were compared with Piaget's stages of cognitive development.  

Sub-categories were created around the 5 main themes of human nature, differentiation from animals, purpose of life, beginning and termination, and in the next step, these findings were compared with Piaget's view. Regarding the theme of human nature, the first to third grade students were in the objective thinking stage and the fourth to sixth grade students were in the abstract objective thinking stage. In relation to the theme of differentiation with animals, all the students from the first to the sixth grade were in the objective thinking stage. Regarding the theme of life purpose, first to third grade students were in objective thinking stage and fourth to sixth grade students were in abstract objective thinking stage. Regarding the theme of the beginning of life, except for the second grade students who were in the abstract thinking stage, the other students were in the abstract objective thinking stage. In relation to the theme of the end of life, the students of all grades were in the stage of objective and abstract thinking. 

The findings of the research, in line with some researches, showed that students can reach abstract thinking at younger ages than what Piaget stated, and this result can be subject to cultural, religious and social factors.

The self-concept of the child as author is a very important topic in today's studies of childhood. Through the lens of the sociology of childhood, a new definition of childhood has been created, shedding light on the interactions between adults and children in society. It emphasizes a new approach that recognizes the child as a being, not just a becoming. This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of children as authors from the modern sociology of children's perspective.

This is a qualitative research study in the descriptive phenomenology and the method of sampling is also qualitative method and based on the rule of theoretical saturation, in determining the sample size, in qualitative researches. Unstructured in-depth study was used and thirty-five samples were selected from among the children of the of Tehran institute of Intellectual Development Center. The research findings were analyzed using Colizzi's method and Max qda 2020 software.

This article is based on twenty open codes from the interviews in the form of two separate sub-categories titled: self-concept of children as authors from the main code of thinking process in Authorship and family supports from the main code of contexts of support.

The narrative pertaining to the self-conception of children as authors, is very interesting. This article is primarily founded upon the accounts of children's authorship experiences. At every stage of a child's growth and development, a self-concept of their authorship is established, which effects their personal lives.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of play therapy based on the Gestalt approach and parent behavior management training on the impulsivity of children with signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This research was applied research in terms of purpose, quantitative research in terms of the nature of the data, and semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group in terms of implementation. The statistical population consists of all children aged 7-to-12 who referred to counseling and psychology centers and clinics of Razi Hospital in Tabriz due to symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 2022. The tools used in the research were impulsivity questionnaire along with the implementation protocol of play therapy interventions based on the Gestalt approach and parent behavior management training.

Based on the results of multivariate covariance analysis, the effect of both play therapy interventions based on the Gestalt approach and behavioral management training for impulsive parents was confirmed(p<0.05). The comparison of interventions showed that the effectiveness of parental behavioral management training on impulsivity was significantly higher than the intervention of play therapy based on the Gestalt approach(p<0.05).

In general, it is concluded that play therapy interventions based on the Gestalt approach and parent behavior management training have the potential to be effective in reducing impulsivity, and educational and therapeutic specialists can use these interventions to control children's hyperactivity.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of Kung Fu Panda animation in attracting children to martial arts. As one of the multimedia teaching tools, animation can show events that change over time, such as movement, process, and procedures, and this helps to attract children.

The statistical population of this research was all the male students of 6th to 8th grade schools in Miandoab city, the statistical population was 14500 people who were randomly selected in a cluster of 500 people. To collect the data, a research questionnaire was used, the face validity of which was confirmed by the professors. Also, construct validity and reliability (0.87) were also evaluated appropriately. In order to carry out this research, descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis tests, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, binomial test and Friedman test were used. SPSS (22) and AMOS (18) statistical software were used to perform the mentioned tests

The findings showed that Kung Fu Panda animation was effective in children's attention to martial arts, in children's interest in martial arts, in children's desire to martial arts, and finally in the performance of martial arts by children.

so it can be said that Kung Fu Panda animation is effective in Yayir Children's sports behavior and communication has had the necessary impact and the findings of this research were in accordance with the IDA model.

The aim of the current research was to design a tool to measure "problems of psychological treatment of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in the school environment" based on the lived experience of occupational therapists in autism centers in Shiraz.

The research method is a mixed exploratory type of instrumental development and sampling was done in the qualitative part by the theoretical saturation method (saturation in the 21st interview) and in the quantitative part by a targeted method (the number of 66 people twice as many as the items of the tool), as a result of which the participants of each Two parts of the research were formed by 87 occupational therapists from autism centers in Shiraz. In order to collect data in the qualitative part of the semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part of the compiled tool, the achievement of the qualitative part was used as the basis of the research, and in this way, the qualitative part was mixed with the quantitative part. The data of the qualitative part were collected in the spring of 2022 and the data of the quantitative part were collected in the autumn of 2022. The method of data analysis was theme analysis, calculation of CVR, CVI, IS, DP (in qualitative part) and IC (in quantitative part).

Findings from the qualitative part by examining the text of the interviews showed the number of 19 components, based on which the initial pool was prepared with 40 items. After providing the initial pool of items to the experts, the findings of the CVI and CVR review showed that 7 items were not of the required quality according to the experts and were removed. For IS, DP and IC, values higher than 1.5, 1 and 0.7 were obtained for all the remaining 33 items, respectively.

In general, it can be said that the 40-item tool compiled in the qualitative section; In the quantitative part, it was converted into 33-items and this 33-item form had the necessary conditions to be examined at the level of the main sample of the target group, and it can be used in a large sample of the target group to achieve the final structure and norm scores.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders, requiring consistent adherence to treatment for successful outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the " web-based Narrative therapy " package on the executive functions and social interactions of children with ADHD.

Using a quasi-experimental design, 30 children (18 boys, 12 girls) aged 9 to 11 with ADHD were selected from educational counselling centers in Shiraz during the academic year 1400-1401. They were assigned to experimental and control groups after matching. While both groups received pharmacological treatment, the experimental group underwent a 12-session " web-based Narrative therapy " training over a period of one month and two weeks, while the control group did not receive this training. Data were collected using the use of Connors (2004), Brief Children's Symptoms (2000), and Mattson's Social Skills (1983) questionnaires to assess the variables of attention, organization/planning, and social interactions, respectively. Descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, minimum and maximum values were calculated, followed by the use of covariance analysis (ANCOVA) to test the research hypotheses. The paired comparison between groups was conducted using the Levene and Bonferroni follow-up tests. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

The results indicated that the "web-based Narrative therapy" training was effective in improving organization/planning and social interactions. However, there was no significant difference in attention score between the experimental and control groups.

The utilization of new technologies such as "web-based Narrative therapy" demonstrates a promising strategy for rehabilitating children with ADHD. The outcomes of e-health interventions suggest that it is a potentially cost-effective and accessible intervention for children with ADHD.

The present research has been carried out in order to influence psychodrama training on social skill, compromising behavior and empathy of mentally retarded male students.

This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The target statistical population is 30 educable mentally retarded male students who were selected through available sampling among mentally retarded students with an age range of 9 to 12 years who studied at Omid Exceptional School in the period of 1401-02 located in the city of Sari and They were randomly assigned to two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group received psychodrama training in 10 90-minute sessions twice a week, while the control group was not given any training in that period of time. The tools used in this research are Gresham and Elliott's social skill questionnaire, Limbert's adaptive behavior and Ayong et al.'s empathy. The data has been analyzed using covariance and Welch analysis using spss-26 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the social skills, behavior adjustment of the experimental and control groups, but there was no such significance for empathy.

psychodrama training is a practical and effective way to increase social skills, adaptive behavior, and for more efficiency of this approach on the empathy skills of mentally retarded male students, it is better to add it to the number of training sessions.

the purpose of this research is to the investigating the role intelligence beliefs on academic self-efficacy and academic vitality of students in kerman. The study population in this study were all male and female first year of elementary school students in kerman. In the school year. They were 2022-2023.

The sample size was selected using stratified random sampling. In this method, statistical population of the research divided into different classes and a random sample is selected according to the number of people in the population. The population was 1783 people and 315 students were selected as a sample. The Krejcie & Morgan table was used to determine the sample size. The measurement tools included three intelligence belief questionnaires, babaei (1998), Students' Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Hossein Chari and Dehghanizadeh's academic vitality scale (2012). Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between belief in incremental intelligence and effort components and the context of academic self-efficacy. Intrinsic intelligence has a positive and significant relationship with the component of academic self-efficacy talent. Increased intelligence has a negative and significant relationship with academic vitality. Based on regression analysis, increasing IQ can predict academic self-efficacy and academic vitality. There is also a difference between the intelligence beliefs of male and female students. As a result, when students look at intelligence as a flexible and scalable one, they seek to increase academic skills and develop learning and the mental value of activities.

When students see intelligence as a flexible and expandable construct, they aim to increase academic skills and develop learning And the mental value of academic activities and efforts to improve their ability has increased and they go more towards the goals that require more mastery And according to the results of the research, they enjoy challenging academic tasks and activities, and the spirit of hope and success increases in them, and the ground for the formation of dynamic and active learning patterns such as self-directed learning is provided.

The picture are a stronger tool of expression and reflection than the sentences that children try to express with words The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the perceptions of male students in the age group of 10 to 12 years regarding physical education lessons through the pictures they draw.

The statistical population in this study was the students of the second year of elementary school who studied in five schools of Sari city in Mazandaran province. The subjects of the research include 345 male students aged 10 to 12, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Document analysis technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this research.

According to the findings, it was found that there are nine subjects in the painted pictures. The research data were analyzed by considering the frequency and percentage of each subject in the images and then tabulated. As a result of the research of students' physical education lessons, a small number of sports disciplines are repeated continuously.

Finally, the visual designs of students' children are a manifestation through which researchers and teachers will be able to follow the process of understanding the concept of physical education among students. Considering the educational implications, the presented results may pave the way for considering children's drawings as a useful resource in evaluating their conceptual development.