نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)
پیاپی 140 (پاییز 1402)

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (VtiE) and L-carnitine (L-Car) supplements with purslane powder (PP) in reduced-protein diet to prevention of ascits in broiler chickens. 576 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments: 1) normal-protein diet (negative control; NC), 2) a reduced- protein diet (20 g kg-1 lower protein) as a control diet (C), 3) C + 2 g kg-1 of PP, 4) C + PP diet supplemented with 250 mg kg-1 VitE, 5) C + PP diet supplemented with 150 mg kg-1 of L-Car and, 6) C + PP diet supplemented with 250 mg kg-1 VitE + 150 mg kg-1 L-Car. Feed intake and body weight gain was (P<0.05) increased by purslane powder, vitamin E and L-carnitine treatment. purslane powder + VitE and purslane powder + L-Car treatments reduced (P<0.05) mortality due to ascites and the RV/TV ratio. These supplemented improved antioxidant activity. (P<0.05) and increased the level of NO and UA. Liver enzyme activities were decreased (P<0.05) by dietary supplementation with PP, VtiE and L-Car. It could be concluded that addition of VtiE and L-Car in combination with purslane in low protein diets induced beneficial synergetic effects to reduce the susceptibility of birds to ascites.

By aggregating the previous studies, the present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the weighted average of the genetic parameters of fiber length, fiber diameter and percentage yield of fiber in cashmere goats to increase the accuracy of estimations. The data of 14 related published papers between 1989 and 2021 were used. A model with random effects was used to estimate the genetic parameters, standard error and 95% confidence range of traits by using Metafor package in R environment. The weighted average of heritability estimates for length, diameter and percentage yield were 0.24 ± 0.047, 0.42 ± 0.053 and 0.60 ± 0.103, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the studied traits have high heritability estimates and therefore the direct genetic selection can lead to the improvement of the performance of these traits. The highest estimate of genetic and phenotypic correlations were obtained between the percentage yield and the fiber length as 0.84 and 0.54, respectively. The lowest genetic and phenotypic correlations were obtained between the percentage yield and the fiber diameter as 0.38 and 0.35, respectively. Sharp reductions in the standard errors of the heritability estimates due to aggregating the results and increasing the sample size, improve accuracy of the corresponding estimates. The genetic parameters estimated in the present study may be used for developing the breeding programs to improve the fiber traits in Cashmere goats. Therefore, the results of meta-analysis study can improve the breeding programs, especially in breeds with insufficient records.

the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of some heavy metals in the drinking water consumed by dairy farms in Qazvin province. For this study, water samples of 35 industrial dairy herds under the auspices of the Livestock Breeders Union of Qazvin province in different cities including Abyek, Qazvin, Takestan, Buin Zahra and Alborz were collected by direct reference and the concentration of heavy metals including lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and mercury were determined. Then, the obtained data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. The concentrations of lead and cadmium in the sampled water were 0.67± 0.98 and 0.42±0.11 μg/kg respectively and there was no significant difference in the concentration of these elements among different cities. The mean concentrations of chromium in the water samples from Buin Zahra city was more than other areas of the province (P ≤ 0.05). The mean concentrations of nickel and mercury in the water consumed in dairy farms were 0.65± 0.79 and 0.38± 0.33 μg/kg respectively. There was no significant differences in nickel and mercury concentrations among different cities.In general, since the concentrations of heavy metals are less than the minimum hazardous levels, water consumed in industrial farms in Qazvin province in terms of impact on animal health and product quality can be consumed without any worries.

The aim of the present study was to investigate effect of additive genetic on egg weight, yolk weight and yolk fatty acid content and estimation of heritability for these traits. In this research, 150 white Japanese quails (50 males and 100 females) were used as the base population (without any pedigree information). In the F2 generation, 100 female quails were randomly selected at the fifth week of age and transferred to laying cages. The traits included egg weight, yolk weight and yolk fatty acid contents. (Co) Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using multiple animal models by Wombat software. The estimated heritability for egg weight and yolk weight were 0.45 and 0.38, respectively. These estimates for yolk fatty acids ranged from 0.27 (Palmitoleic acid) to 0.45 (Palmetic acid). Genetic correlations between egg weight and yolk fatty acids were low, ranging from 0.01 (between egg weight and Linoleic acid) to 0.10 (between egg weight and Stearic acid). The higher genetic correlations were between yolk weight and yolk fatty acids, varying from 0.10 (between yolk weight and Linoleic acid) to 0.51 (between yolk weight and Stearic acid). The results showed that selection for increasing the yolk weight could lead to producing eggs with more contents of yolk fatty acids.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil and ginger powder on lipid profiles, thyroid hormones and liver enzymes of elderly broiler breeders. For this purpose the Number of 200 female Ross 308 broiler breeders by 45 weeks of age used in a completely random factorial design (2×4) including 2 levels of ginger (zero and 1.5%) and two levels of flax (zero, 1, 2 and 3%) as long as 10 weeks in 5 experimental treatments 5 replications and 5 hens per replication were performed. The results showed that consumption of ginger, flaxseed oil and co-consumption of ginger with flaxseed oil had no significant effect on triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and glucose (p<0.05).LDL concentration decreased in birds fed with 1.5% ginger powder (p<0.05). using 1.5% ginger powder in the ratio decreased aspartate aminotransferase enzyme, while, feeding flaxseed oil and co-consumption feeding of flaxseed oil and ginger oil had no significant effect on in control treatment group (p<0.05). Consumption of ginger, flaxseed oil and concomitant consumption of flaxseed oil and ginger reduced the enzyme alanine aminotransferase compared to the group receiving zero levels of ginger and zero flaxseed oil (p<0.05). Using ginger and flaxseed oil in the diet had no significant effect on thyroid hormones (p<0.05). Adipose tissue and liver parameters didn’t significantly affected by flaxseed and ginger oil (p<0.05). To wrap up, the results of present study revealed that, supplementing the mother's diet with 1.5% ginger and 2% flaxseed oil has a positive effect on liver enzymes.

The effect of different concentrations of formic acid (25, 35 and 45%) and oxalic acid (2.5, 3.5 and 4.5%) and control treatment on Varroa mite and honey bee mortality, as well as the percentage of residual mite infestation in the colony, were evaluated in a completely randomized design with7 treatments and 5 replications in the climatic conditions of Markazi province. Results showed that the highest percentage of mortality on mites was related to the concentrations of formic acid 45% (88.13%) and oxalic acid 4.5% (80.91%) respectively, and the lowest residual contamination of colonies after the experiment was observed in the treatment of formic acid 45% (0.66%) and oxalic acid 4.5% (2.06%). The highest percentage of bee mortality was related to formic acid 45% concentration, which was significantly different from other treatments. Based on the results, the most favorable effect based on the percentage of mortality on mites and the lowest residual contamination in colonies between different concentrations of these two acids in the present study was related to the concentration of formic acid 45% and oxalic acid 4.5%. There was no significant difference between these two superior treatments in terms of mite mortality and residual infection. Due to the significant difference in bee mortality in these two treatments and less bee mortality in the oxalic acid treatment of 4.5% and having economic benefits, the use of oxalic acid 4.5% is suggested to control Varroa mite in apiaries with similar climatic and ecological conditions to present study.

This experiment was carried out to determine the nutritive value of total mixed ration silage (TMRS) based on orange pulp (OP). Three diets including: 1) TMRS based on OP plus wheat straw (WS) and concentrate, 2) total mixed ration based on corn silage (CS) plus WS and concentrate, 3) total mixed ration based on alfalfa hay (AH) plus WS and concentrate. The experimental diets were tested for digestibility and voluntary intake in mature male lambs. The DM content of TMRS ranged 28 to 28.5 percent and pH 3.8 to 3.9 that shwed appropriate characteristics of the silage. The in vivo digestibility of DM, OM and metabolisable energy of the TMRS were significantly higher than the other diets (P<0.05). The DM and OM intake, were significantly differences between the diets where the lowest amounts detected by feeding CS diet. The digestible DM and OM intake were significantly higher in TMRS than the other diets (P<0.05). Data obtained from rumen liquor showed that pH was not different between the treatments at different times. The ruminal NH3-N was higher in CS diet before morning feeding but it was not different between TMRS and CS diets at 3h post feeding werase they were higher than the other diet (P<0.05). No differences were obtained between the diets for NH3-N at 6h post feeding. It is concluded that by ensiling of orange pulp plus WS and concentrate could prepare a complete feed ration silage with nutrient balance and appropriate digestibility and palatability.

Nowadays, new studies are being conducted based on the results of GWAS studies and the mapping of gene regulation networks based on the use of AWM matrix algorithms. In the present study, to map gene networks using AWM-PCIT matrix algorithms and and the association of SNPs with sheep milk production phenotypes and compositions was used. For this purpose, data on milk production traits in Valle del Belice sheep were used. After data quality control, 469 ewes and 37228 SNPs were used for final analysis. Phenotypic data were retained for analysis and contained 5586 Test day records for six milk production traits. and their gene regulation network was plotted using the cytoscape program. The results showed that using AWM-PCIT matrix algorithms, among the candidate genes that are directly and indirectly related to milk production traits were identified GENES OSBPL3, ERBB4, VGLL4, BAZ1A, DDX25, CDH23, ITSN2, DPY30, FAT3 and CAPN10. The present study and other studies have shown that the complex process of milk production and composition is important under the influence of the gene regulation network of more than 10 genes and is associated with many other genes.In total, this study supported previous results from GWAS of milk production and composition traits, also revealed additional regions in the sheep genome associated with these economically important traits. Using these findings could potentially be useful for genetic selection in the breeding programs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing different levels of camels- thorn (Alhaghi maurorum L) on the performance and parameters of safety and health of 9-15-week-old ostriches, so Ostriches powder at levels of zero, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% with Hay powder was replaced as the base diet. In order to conduct the experiment, 36 pieces of ostriches with the age of 9 weeks, from among the ostriches of the Special Livestock Research Institute of Zabul University, were used in a completely randomized design with 6 experimental groups and 6 pieces of ostriches in each treatment for 6 weeks. was placed, then blood parameters were automatically measured and data were analyzed using Duncan's test and SAS software. The results showed that the different percentage levels of alfalfa substitution with scabies plants did not have a significant effect on the feed consumed in the second to fifth week (P≥0.05). If the effect of experimental groups on average weight gain was significant except for the fourth week (P≤0.05). Based on the obtained results, the food conversion ratio at the end of the sixth week was significant among all experimental treatments (P≤0.05). The application of experimental treatments showed a 32% decrease in blood serum albumin and a 16% decrease in total blood serum protein compared to the control (P≤0.05). According to the results of this research, it,s recommended to use scurvy plant as an alternative in order to provide dietary fiber and improve the health of ostriches.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of molasses kombucha on performance, intestinal morphology and intestinal microbial population on 320 Ross male broiler chickens in a completely randomized design in 5 treatments and 4 replicate with 16 chickens in each replicate, in the starter (1-10 days old), growth (11-24), the final (25-42) and whole period (1-42). Experimental treatments include drinking water containing: 1) tap water with no kombucha, 2) 0.015 and 0.003 kombucha, respectively, during the starter and growth period, 3) 0.015, 0.003 kombucha and 0.003 three days a week, respectively during the starter, growth and finisher period 4) 0.015 Kombucha during starter and 0.003 kombucha three days a week during growth and finisher period 5) 0.015 Kombucha during starter and growth period and 0.003 kombucha three days a week during finisher. All experimental treatments had a higher body weight gain than the control group (P < 0.05). During the starter and whole periods, except for treatment 2, addition of molasses kombucha significantly improved the feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in the villus surface area of the treatments compared to the control group (P<0.05). Molasses kombucha caused a significant increase in the Lactobacillus population and decreased the total coliforms in the cecum environment (P<0.05). In conclusion, 0.015 Kombucha during starter and growth period and 0.003 kombucha three days a week during finisher can improve the performance of broiler chickens.