فصلنامه تازه های بیوتکنولوژی سلولی مولکولی
پیاپی 50 (بهار 1402)

In recent decades, many new methods using nanoparticles to diagnose, deliver, and treat cancer have been explored. Accordingly, the potential of nanoparticles as carriers for the delivery of anticancer drugs is very significant, because the treatment of cancer with nanoparticles has led to the improvement of some drug delivery limitations such as low circulation time and bioavailability, and insolubility in water. In addition, nanoparticles protect drugs against enzymatic degradation and can lead to targeted and / or controlled drug release. One of the most widely nanomaterial type used in nanomedicine is polymer nanoparticles. These compounds have been highly regarded for their biocompatibility and biodegradability, their ability to release drugs in a controlled manner, and their ability to form nanoparticles of ideal size in drug delivery. The present study focuses on the potential of polymer-based nanoparticles that can assist in the targeted or controlled delivery of anticancer agents for cancer treatment.

 Cancer is mainly caused by defect in natural regulation of programmed cell death (PCD). On the other hand, it is proved that, the EGFR is overexpressed on the surface of many malignant cell. Therefore, immunotoxin against EGFR, which consisting an antibody or fragment of an antibody linked to the toxic moiety is one of the most reliable strategies for cancer treatment. Here we evaluate the effect of a novel immunotoxin molecule harboring ricin, as a toxic moiety on the mRNA level of two main apoptotic molecules on cancerous cell lines.

 The Effects of immunotoxin molecule and it’s components including ricin toxin and antibody fragment on the mRNA level of pro- apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and EGF receptor genes on the breast MDA-MB-468 and colorectal HCT-116 cancer cell lines were assayed by qRT-PCR. We used glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a reference gene.

 Treatment with immunotoxin significantly increased the expression of BAX gene and decreased the expression of EGFR and BCL-2 genes (P<0.05) and induced apoptosis. Also, ricin toxin caused a significant decrease in BCL-2 and no significant increase in BAX in cancer cells and decreased EGFR only in breast cancer cells. The scFv part had no significant changes on genes expression.

 The present findings showed that the recombinant Panitumumab-Ricin protein, may be an appropriate candidate for the treatment of EGFR overexpressed cancers by induction in apoptosis pathway.

 The problem of water pollution is a fundamental and influential issue for the healthy life of humans and bioorganisms. The aim of this study is to optimize aluminum and calcium-based graphene nanostructures by response surface methodology (RSM) in order to investigate their role in biodenitrification. The optimized removal conditions in the bioreactor were investigated.

 Characterization of graphene oxide/aluminum (rGO/Al) and graphene oxide/calcium (rGO/Ca) nanostructures was determined by XRD, SEM and FTIR. The two effective operating parameters of temperature (°C) and concentration (g/L) of rGO/Al and rGO/Ca nanostructures in biodenitrification of Thiobacillus denitrificans microorganism in the presence of nanostructures were optimized by RSM. Chromotropic Acid method was used to measure nitrate.

 The FTIR spectrum confirmed the interaction between RGO-aluminum and rGO/Ca. By SEM analysis, the average diameters of rGO/Al and rGO/Ca nanostructures were observed in the range of 10.24-39.21 nm and 20.86-34.29 nm, respectively. In the presence of rGO/Ca and rGO/Al, with increasing temperature (35°C) and increasing nanostructured concentration (1g/L), removal was achieved for 74.0985% and 77.6905%, respectively. After determining the optimized conditions, the biodenitrification of the microorganism in the presence of nanostructures was investigated in the bioreactor. According to the results, the microorganisms in the presence of rGO/Ca and rGO/Al nanostructures had 74.0985% and 77.6905% biodenitrification, respectively.

 The percentage of biodegradation in the presence of rGO/Al was higher than rGO/Ca and in the presence of rGO/Al was 98%, so this nanostructure in the bioreactor showed higher efficiency in nitrate removal.

 Enterotoxemia occurs following absorption of large amounts of toxin through the intestinal wall. The causing agent of this disease is clostridium perfringens. The present study Comparison of Immune Responses Following the Administration of Enterotoxaemia Vaccine in kermani Sheep and Goats.

 Two groups consisting 30 sheep and 30 healthy goats of the same breedselected. Each of these groups was then divided into three sub groups of ten. One sub group of ten sheep and goats formed the control group, which received no vaccination in the course of the study. The second sub group received vaccination only once, and the last sub group was vaccinated twice. Blood samples were taken from these 60 animals on day 1, 15, 30, 45, 60  and 75 after vaccination, and antibody titer and duration of immunity were determined by ELISA test.

 The antibody titer during the study in the control sub group was zero. In sub group 2 sheep that received only one dose of vaccine had a mean antibody titer of 0. 428 and in goats 0. 097. In sub group 3 sheep that received two vaccinations, the mean antibody titer was 0.772 and in goats it 0. 408 was. Immunity durabity longer in sheep than in goats.

 The results showed significant differences in antibody titer and duration of immunity between animals that received booster doses compared to those that were vaccinated only once. Moreover, antibody titer approached zero much earlier in goat than that in sheeps.

 Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers in the world, Iran and Ardabil. The used of exosomes for drug packaging to inhibition of drug-resistant of cancer cells is a new method. This study aimed to evaluate of extraction exosome of the AGS cell line to inhibit of MKN45 cell line.

 Exosomes in concentration LC50 and LC75 nano coumarins were extracted from supernatants of cultured AGS cells using Exosome Isolation Kit and confirmed by DLS, and their effect was applied to drug-resistant MKN45 cells. Inhibition test (MTT) and expression of Caspase 8, Caspase 9, BCL2, Bax, and P53 genes were measured.

 The results showed that the extraction of exosome with concentration LC75 From AGS on MKN45 in addition to the concentration-dependent inhibitory role of impact on a significant change in gene expression Caspase 8, BCL,2, and P53.

 Increased expression of genes Caspase 8, BCL2, and P53 in exosome treatment at LC75 level indicate induction of apoptosis from the external pathway by exosomes in resistant cells, as evidenced by the decrease in the expression of miR-21 oncomir and the increase in miR-34a in the exosome contents.

 Savory plant Satureja sp. It is one of the types of medicine that has many therapeutic properties such as controlling diabetes and blood sugar, blood pressure, constipation, diarrhea, etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the constituents and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of this plant.

 In this study, two species of savory plants (S. sativa and S. multica) were collected from two natural and agricultural habitats and after drying in the shade, essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. Its antioxidant was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP methods and determination of total phenol.

 The results showed that the highest percentage of free radical degradation was due to the use of 4 mg / ml of essential oil of plants harvested from the sativa species of 82.26% and on the other hand the lowest percentage of free radical degradation. From the concentration of 0.5 mg / ml of essential oils of plants harvested from the cultivation of multica species was 24.87%. Essential oil of multica species obtained from natural habitat, at a concentration of 4 mg / ml with a numerical value of / 84 in FRAP method and total phenol, with a numerical value of 2.14, showed the highest antioxidant properties.

 In this study, it was found that among species and natural and agricultural habitats, safflower essential oil of multica species in natural habitat has the most antioxidant effect and factors such as soil type, and climate can affect the essential oil.

 Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) that closely common origin with ectomesenchymal cells. could be applied as the source of stem cells for treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases. The hDPSCc are capable of differentiating into dopaminergic neurons in presence of appropriate neurotrophic factors and neurosphere technique with regard to fact This study was carried out to assess the differentiation potential of hDPSCc into dopaminergic neurons using neurosphere technique.

 In this study, hDPSCs were isolated from the third molar using mechanical-enzymatic methods. The cells were harvested in a proper condition medium and differentiated into precursor neuronal stem cells and then consequently differentiated into dopaminergic cells in the presence of neuronal induction media including BDNF and GDNF. Cells in each groups were evaluated by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR assays. In addition, the amount of dopamine released was measured by HPLC.

 Cells treated with differentiation inducer factors exhibited remarkable changes in phenotypic characteristics and neuron like cells were observed. Molecular results showed that pluripotent genes such as Nestin  , Sox2 expression level gradually reduced in the early stages of differentiation process. However, after treatment with neuronal inducers, genes expression level involved in neurogenesis/dopaminergic like DAT ,PITX3,  ,Nurr1 ,TH PITX3 in treated group increased significantly compared to control group. Moreover, immune cytochemistry assay indicated that cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were also detected in treated group. In addition, dopamine release was significantly increased in treated group (P < 0.05).   

 These research findings confirm that the hDPSCs can be differentiated into dopaminergic neurons via neurosphere technique and appropriate inducers.

 Defensive barrier is important in preventing infection and disease progression caused by E.coli O157:H7. Among beneficial effects of probiotics, immune system modulation by producing cytokines is one of the most common reported benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic effect on il10 cytokine gene expression in Zebrafish infected with E. coli O157:H7 as a laboratory model.

 The 300 pieces of fish were grouped equally; control group (C1A1) received basic diet, group (B1A1) received basic diet and faced E.coli O157:H7, treatment 1 group (T1A1) received basic diet containing L. acidophilus and no exposure to E. coli O157:H7, treatment 2 group (T2A2) received basic diet containing L. acidophilus and exposed to E. coli O157:H7. During the 30-day period of testing, intestinal tissue samples were taken on days 15, 27 and 30 for il10 gene expression and bacterial colonization studies.

 The findings indicated bacterial colonization in fish intestines. Also, the expression of il10 gene in the experimental groups decreased after exposure to E. coli O157:H7 (P<0.01). This decrement was less with the regulation of il10 in the groups fed with L. acidophilus compared to the control group. In Zebrafish fed with L. acidophilus, the expression of the il10 gene increased gradually (day15, day27 and 30; P<0. 01).

 Overall, the results showed that the L. acidophilus was able to increase il10 gene expression, boost the immune system in Zebrafish as a laboratory model. Therefore, L. acidophilus La5 probiotic can be used as a possible useful candidate against E. coli O157:H7.

 Cyanobacteria are one of the important candidates in nanoparticle biosynthesis due to their ability to collect heavy metals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce and characterization of the specificity of silver nanoparticles by the native cyanobacterial strain of Nostoc spp.

 After culturing and molecular identification of cyanobacteria Nostoc spp., boiling and wet biomass methods were used to produce silver nanoparticles at different concentrations. Characterization of nanoparticle production were performed by optical spectroscopy, Ultraviolet (UV-Vis), Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As well as antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles was performed by antibiogram assay.

 The results of UV-Vis showed that the production of silver nanoparticles with the help of wet biomass at a concentration of 1 mM had a higher adsorption rate than the boiling method. The results of FTIR showed the successful production of silver nanoparticles using the wet biomass method at a concentration of 1 mM silver nitrate. In addition, the results of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test showed significant inhibitory power of silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

 Nostoc spp., as a potential strain in the production of silver nanoparticles have unique properties and performance for use in microbial biotechnology.