مجله نظارت و بازرسی
پیاپی 65 (پاییز 1402)

prevention and detection of crimes along with respecting the rights of citizens is one of the main and inherent duties of Faraja. During the prevention and discovery stages of crimes, specialized police officers (Safi) may intentionally or unintentionally violate the rights of citizens (assaults, insults and obscenities) despite having legal powers. Safi Faraja employees have been assaulted against citizens and appropriate solutions have been provided.

In terms of practical purpose and qualitative method and tools, data collection was conducted by reviewing existing documents and files (1395-1400) through interviews with experienced and expert employees in the field of dealing with crimes and violations of employees in the number of 15 people.

The findings showed that along with the increase in important crimes in the society, and the increase in the society's expectations from the commanders and chief executives of Faraja and subsequently from the employees on the one hand, and the weakness in the equipment and infrastructure as well as the weakness of the principles of technical and scientific interrogation by the police (Safi), intentionally or unintentionally leads them to violate the rights of citizens.

Considering the inherent duties of the police and the increase in the occurrence of crime, the effective factors in preventing violations and assaults against citizens include: extra-environmental (extra-organizational), environmental (intra-organizational) factors, and human factors, the modification of each of which is appropriate to the description of their duties and strengthening and providing information in the field of monitoring systems on the performance of employees such as the 197 system in order to monitor and control the performance of subordinate units, the use of appropriate electronic and optical equipment in order to detect criminal behavior and record documents in real terms, the optimal use of body cameras in accordance with the organizational missions can reduce the amount of crimes.

The job of law enforcers has undergone significant changes in the last few decades. Many argue that the most important reason for these changes is the professionalization of the police. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to measure the attitude of educated police officers towards professionalization.

This is a descriptive survey type study that was conducted in order to measure the professionalism of the police with Richard Hall's attitudinal scale at two levels of executive mission ranks and support headquarters ranks. Considering the unknown number of the target population in this research, based on Cochran's formula for indeterminate populations with a standard deviation of 0.39 and an error rate of 0.5 to determine the sample size, for the community of police officers in Tehran, the sample size was estimated to be at least 233 people. This number of those interested and qualified to participate in the research, i.e. officers who had completed at least one university education, were selected by cluster sampling. The analysis of this research was done using SPS version 18 statistical software and at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics.

The analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the professional attitude between the two groups, and the professional attitude was higher than the average in all dimensions, respectively, the rank of the professional organization (3.41), self-regulation (3.18), sense of commitment (07.00). 3), independence (2/72) and serving the people (2/62) were achieved. Also, in the executive mission units, the attitudinal components of serving the people, sense of commitment, self-regulation, and in the headquarters units, the existence of a professional organization and independence in work were considered more important and necessary for professionalization.

Considering that the attitude of educated police employees is aligned with the primary components of professionalism, it was concluded that a positive management attitude towards professionalism can strengthen professional skills, train specialists and improve the overall performance of the police. Also, higher education as a focal point in the process of professionalization of the organization and of course the police staff should be considered by managers and commanders.

Creating a healthy administrative organization is one of the concerns of the Supreme Leader. Considering the importance of collective participation and its neglected role in the realization of a healthy organization, this research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the effective factors in creating a healthy organization based on collective participation in Mazandaran's Samat Organization.

This research was conducted with a qualitative method and based on the foundational data theory approach. The statistical population of this research includes 12  experts and members of the administrative health committee of this organization, who were selected by purposeful sampling. The text of the interview was analyzed based on the open, central and selective coding method and with the help of Max Kyuda software.

effective factors based on variables of healthy organization and collective participation, prioritizing 6 main categories including the category of attention to environmental responsiveness, organizational mechanism, cohesion, organizational health, effectiveness, macro-level factors and  21  sub-categories including conceptual dimensions of responsiveness to Environment, functional dimensions of responding to the environment, strategies, coordination, human resources, performance, instrumental-structural, emotional and social, institutional unity, influence of management, consideration, constructiveness, spirit, support and resources, scientific emphasis, external effectiveness, effectiveness Internal, society's economy, society's culture, government institutions, laws and regulations are effective in creating a healthy organization based on collective participation in Mazandaran's Samet organization.

In the form of the proposed model of the above research, the Mazandaran Peace Organization will have a suitable basis for creating a healthy organization based on the collective participation approach.

Police commanders have difficult duties to manage police affairs. Meanwhile, their leadership style can have a great impact on some characteristics of police officers. The current research is descriptive in terms of its practical purpose and correlational in nature, and survey in terms of implementation method.

The statistical population of this research was 2,200 employees of Bushehr police command; the sample size was considered to be 328 according to Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of leadership style according to Hersey and Blanchard employees (1989) and the standard organizational voice questionnaire of Hames employees (2012). The total reliability value of leadership style questionnaires and staff voice were calculated as 0.910 and 0.856, respectively, which indicated a high level of instrument reliability. Also, for data analysis, structural equation modeling was used with the help of SmartPLS software.

The results showed that the leadership style with a coefficient of 0.460 is effective on the organizational voice of the employees. Dominant leadership style with an impact factor of 0.224 has a negative impact, and persuasive, participatory and delegating leadership styles have a positive and significant impact on the voice of employees. Also, another result indicates that there is a significant difference between the voice of employees in various leadership styles, so that the most voice of employees is assigned to employees with commanders with delegation style.

The result of the research findings is that the police commanders of Bushehr province should prioritize the delegative leadership style in order to increase the voice of the employees with this style.

Today, a major part of the armed forces is made up of soldiers and conscripts, who always work together with other armed forces to create order and security. In the meantime, one of the various manifestations of institutional evasion is the crimes of duty employees, which occur due to several factors. Therefore, the current research seeks to explore the service experiences of border guard commanders in the prevention of crimes by duty employees in South Khorasan with an exploratory approach. 

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method, and it is categorized in qualitative research according to its nature. The participants of the research to analyze the service experiences of border guard commanders in crime prevention were the managers and law enforcement experts related to this issue, which was conducted using a semi-structured interview, from 31 experts and related experts, until the theoretical saturation of the interview. In order to increase internal and external validity, expert participants were used. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the textual data. 

According to the results of the research,; The most important situational prevention of border guard commanders from the crimes of duty employees; including identifying and eliminating cases that facilitate crime; trainings based on diverting criminal thoughts; regulatory solutions; and social prevention, including; improving social interactions; improving the working environment; Elevating the personality of soldiers and criminal prevention of border guard commanders from the crimes of duty employees include: correct, logical and legal treatment of criminal soldiers.

The obtained results indicate that border commanders should take appropriate measures for all three types of prevention with a comprehensive and balanced approach in order to achieve the goals of preventing soldiers' crimes. In addition, the use of social prevention programs can be included in the priority of prevention measures.

The military Commit Special military Crimes in Order to ful fill their duties, regardless of its formal Principles, their Pure Criminal responsibility should be investigated Substantively in the mentioned Crimes. The aim of  this research is the Study of the impact of the Pure Criminal responsibility of the military on Zero tolerance Policy.

This research is Practical, and form it,s implementational method was descriptive-Survey and Correlation type. Data analysis is done  based  on  Various tests such as Kalmograph-Smirnov and Statistical tools.

The findings of this research show that there are many examples of pure criminal liability in military crimes, some of which are: "Evacuation by telephone, the enemy's control over friends due to the violation and disobedience of military personnel., taking command without legal order or permission, membership of the armed forces in political movements and so on.  In other words there are many examples of  Pure Criminal Libility in military  Crimes, some of which are, Evacuation by telephone, the enemy’s Conquest of  oneself due to the disobince and Violation of  the military, assuming Command whithout Legal Orders or  permission, membership of armed forces in Political  movementets. 

In this research Which is Conducted  among the  elite Legal Community of  North Khorasan Province numbering 130 People (Randomly), This result(Conclusion, this Study) was Obtained that Criminalism,non-use of alternative Prosecution or mitigating institutions and  non-Permissive Criminal Policy can Lead to Pure Criminal Libility and this  type of responsibility is the Couse of Zero tolerance.

Disclosure of corruption plays an important role in facilitating the process of fighting corruption and realizing administrative health. Considering the hidden layers of corruption, disclosure of corruption is an important mechanism for reporting illegal behavior or violations to the organization's management, authorities and the general public. Exposing corruption can also have harmful consequences for whistleblowers. For this reason, disclosure of corruption and whistleblowers in developed countries are considered and protected by the law. In Iran, various steps have been taken to support corruption whistleblowers. But these measures are scattered and inconsistent. The current research seeks to identify and categorize the methods of supporting corruption whistleblowers in order to provide a comprehensive view to the legislators and policy makers in the field of anti-corruption.

To achieve this goal, thematic analysis method has been used. The research data includes reports and interviews published by academic experts and executive authorities, as well as related researches that have been collected by documentary method. The sampling method is purposive sampling, which is continued until reaching theoretical saturation.

The findings of the research include different concepts, each concept represents a way to support whistleblowers. These strategies are organized based on conceptual affinity in five main themes of legal support, security support, financial support, administrative support and social support.

Supporting corruption whistleblowers requires a set of different legal solutions, security support, financial support, administrative support and social support, which should be used in the amendment and completion of existing laws in Iran.