Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran
Volume:34 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

Human skin might get attacked by free radicals therefore, antioxidants are needed. Mesocarp of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] has natural antioxidant compounds such as citrulline. Antioxidant compounds were formulated into gel preparation with nanoparticle technology that aimed to facilitate the absorption of an active substance. The purpose of this study was to formulate an antioxidant moisturizing gel that contained gelatin nanoparticles of mesocarp extract of watermelon (GNMW). The stages of research included the extraction, production, and characterization of nanoparticles, formulation of gel preparations with various concentrations of 0.0114% (F1), 0.0228% (F2), and 0.0342% (F3), evaluation of gel preparations, observation of antioxidant activity using DPPH method and skin moisture test. The nanoparticles produced had an irregular shape, size of 200.3 nm, polydispersity index of 0.288, and zeta potential value of +16.11 mV. The nanoparticle gel had a slightly viscous texture, clear color, and homogeneous, with a pH value of 6.61 – 7.22; viscosity of 14740 – 17180 cP; spread-ability of 5.3-6.5 cm; and did not irritate the skin. The results of the antioxidant activity of the extract and nanoparticles were 110.90 μg/mL and 114.16 μg/mL, respectively. Nanoparticle gel of F1, F2, and F3 had IC50 values of 149.52 μg/mL; 138.44 μg/mL; and 127.10 μg/mL, respectively. The gels could increase skin moisture content in the range of 38.81% - 63.19%. Mesocarp extract of watermelon which was made into nanoparticles with gelatin carrier could be formulated into a moisturizing gel, met good gel parameter standards, and had moderate antioxidant activity.

Cancer is the second leading cause of global death, and colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. In this study, the anticancer effect and safety profile of a 3-(pyridyl-4-l-methylthio) triazolotriazine derivative (10b) was investigated. The anti-tumor activity of 10b was evaluated on HT-29 human colon cancer cell. To confirm the in vivo anti-cancer effect of 10b, human colon tumor xenograft mice was used. Tumor bearing mice were treated with 10b and paclitaxel for 10 days, then were sacrificed and their heart, liver and tumor tissues were isolated for pathological evaluation. Mice weight and tumor size were measured daily, and mortality was recorded. The results of cellular experiments showed that IC50 of paclitaxel and 10b was 0.34 and 8.92 µM after 72 hours, respectively. The results of measuring the weight of mice and tumor size didn't show any significant changes in the 10b treated groups. Pathological examinations indicated that the extent of hepatotoxicity and cardiac toxicity in mice receiving 10b was lower than that of the paclitaxel group. Interestingly and hopefully, all mice treated with 10b remained alive during the experiment but 50% of mice treated with paclitaxel and also 50% of mice in the control group were died. Totally, 10b showed acceptable in vitro anti-tumor activity on HT-29 colorectal cells and no mortality in this group confirms the safety profile of 10b.

One of the components of Gysian Silvana ophiolite in the south of Urmia and the continuation of the Neo-Tethys in the northwesthern of Iran is serpentinites with lizardite/chrysotile and magnetite phases as the main mineral and chromite (Cr-spinel) and some rare olivine and orthopyroxenes. A variety of microstructures such as mesh, sieve, lamellar, fibrous, and hourglass were identified. The existence of lizardite plates (001) crosswise in the margin of a low crystallized mass nucleus of net texture is determined by microstructures. Due to the lack of antigorite in the serpentinites, the depth of subduction of the Neo-Tethys slab in this part of Iran may be low. The crystal size distribution (CSD) of the Gysian serpentinite chromites was studied.  We discriminate three types of CSD patterns for chromite crystals, extract nucleation, and growth parameters from intercept and slope values of the patterns. The first type is a linear steady-state pattern with a nucleation rate/growth rate (J/G) of about 12 and Gt=1.28; the second type has a non-linear concave downtrend which is the result of annealing or Ostwald ripening at a small size part with J/G=13-15 and Gt=1.33. The third type is complex and shows nucleation density with two separate parts. It could be modeled by two crystal populations, small and large sizes overlapping linear patterns. The J/G for small crystals was twice for large sizes and multiple nuclei have less growth. The Gt was 1.60 for small and 1.10 for those large sizes. Assuming the constant crystal growth rate in silicate materials is 10-9 cm/s, the time for the growth of large chromites is six times longer than that of small crystals. These two segmental CSD patterns probably present arising processes or alteration production of mafic minerals as small chromites.

The proposed research incorporates the utilization of a heavy-tailed skewed distribution referred to as the inverse Weibull as a link function in the context of a binary classification model. This selection is motivated by the need to address the existence of rare or extreme events in random processes. The study introduces a model that relies on the Inverse Weibull (TYPE II) distribution, and the estimation of model parameters is accomplished through the application of maximum likelihood methods. When the outcomes are compared to those derived from other link functions such as TYPE I (Complementary log) and TYPE III (Weibull) based on extreme value distributions using standard classification data as well as real-life data, it becomes apparent that the Inverse Weibull (TYPE II) model exhibits exceptional performance. This assessment of performance takes into account several criteria, encompassing the Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, Area under the curve, and Brier scores. In conclusion, the study establishes that the proposed model demonstrates considerable robustness in its performance, rendering it a viable choice for the modeling of binary classification problems.

In a number of real-world situations, one encounters count data with over-dispersion such that the typical Poisson distribution does not suit the data. In the current situation, it is appropriate to employ a combination of mixed Poisson and Poisson-Sujatha (PS) distributions. The PS distribution has been investigated for count data, which is of primary interest to a number of disciplines, including biology, medicine, demography, and agriculture. However, no research has been conducted regarding generating bootstrap confidence intervals for its parameter. The coverage probabilities and average lengths of bootstrap confidence intervals derived from the percentile, basic, and biased-corrected and accelerated bootstrap methods were compared using Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicated that it was impossible to achieve the nominal confidence level using bootstrap confidence intervals for tiny sample sizes, regardless of the other settings. Furthermore, when the sample size was large, there was not much of a difference in the performance of the several bootstrap confidence intervals. The bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence interval demonstrated superior performance compared to the other methods in all of the cases examined. Moreover, the effectiveness of the bootstrap confidence intervals was proven through their application to agricultural data sets. The calculations offer significant evidence in favor of the suggested bootstrap confidence intervals.

In this paper, we study the entanglement and quantum teleportation of a two-qutrit state evolved under one-axis counter-twisting Hamiltonian with the intrinsic decoherence effects. The entanglement and fidelity are analyzed as a function of decoherence rate, Hamiltonian coefficient, and magnetic field. It has been seen that the system is constantly entangled. Both the decoherence rate and the Hamiltonian coefficient have a negative correlation with the entanglement and fidelity. The faithfulness and negativity are efficiently optimized by the magnetic fields. We deduced that we can acquire some best fidelity for the system when it is maximally entangled.