نشریه جستارهای سیاسی معاصر
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 46، زمستان 1401)

Imam Khomeini is one of the prominent and leading scholars who has made a special appearance in the field of political opinion and practice in the contemporary history of Iran. The victory of the Islamic Revolution in Bahman 1357 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic system is one of the characteristics of this crystallization. In relation to the modern era, Imam Khomeini's opinion and action can be seen as a combination of alignment and separation from it. With regard to the establishment of a new state in Iran, the ratio of Imam Khomeini's views and opinions with the principles and foundations of the modern era and state. It is an important discussion in designing, regulating and knowing the future direction of political thinking. Imam Khomeini, on the one hand, by designing and establishing a religious and of course a new political system in the form of "Islamic Republic", tried to meet the requirements of the new era, but on the other hand, with the plan of "Velayat Faqih" at the head of the state, the role of religion highlights and prevents secularism. The complexity is in the way of convergence between the new requirements and conditions with the religious tradition. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, the relationship of Imam Khomeini's views and opinions with the principles and foundations of the state and era is investigated.

In all of his publications, Javad Tabatabai's core theme is "Iran as a philosophical issue/problem," This theme attracts him to many aspects of Iranian history, thought history, and political thought history. He considers a set of approaches and methods used for this purpose inappropriate and writes explicit refutations of them; methods, including historiographical, ideological, sociological, anti-modernist, literary, religious, orientalism, European Iranology, Western Academic Iranian studies, and spiritual method of unveiling the veiled. Now, what method and strategy did Tabatabai utilize to research Iran's history and political thought?Tabatabai describes his approach as "philosophical," his writing style as "strategic," and his perspective on the history of political thought as "modernist thought" at times. Tabatabai's primary approach is the "method of the historical evolution of conceptions"; Tabatabai's most essential claim in utilizing such a method is to use the system of modernity's notions with the condition of ijtihad in those concepts. Tabatabai does not use a single method in his works, nor does he limit himself to dimensions and constraints of a single method, even though all of his works follow a general logic or a single approach

E-government, with the aim of improving services to the people, causes more people to interact with the government and their participation in democratic processes, and this in the realization of rights and freedoms, structure and function of government institutions and ultimately norms for government governance. A rule of law in which limitation of power, observance of hierarchy and oversight using e-government will be facilitated and made very transparent.The method of the present research will be descriptive and analytical.E-government can use new communication and information technologies to structure services in order to guarantee the fundamental rights of citizens and effective participation of people and civil society in the public decision-making process, so one of the results of e-government and governance Electronics, the creation of democracy, But the most important challenges in the realization of e-government can be the violation of privacy, integration of technical systems, change of technology and the need to revitalize issues related to human factors, the extent of acceptance of the culture of using e-government services, digital divide, participation He noted inadequate implementation of e-government, low e-literacy, and a lack of a coherent program in the process of preparing for democracy.

Governance in the three aspects of participation, legitimacy and legislation is the source of effect and dialogue. Governance as a matter of power is evolving and experiencing new contexts as power evolves. Accordingly, the issue of governance, when placed in complex and networked societies, finds different conditions from pre-networked societies. This research seeks to address the issue of what governance is like in a complex networked society. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to identify a framework that can deal with a new processing of the quality of governance in a complex and networked society. In this research, which has a descriptive-analytical approach, an attempt has been made to study and express the various dimensions of the subject by using the documentary method in addition to interpretive discourse and complexity theory, with reference to reliable sources. The research findings indicate that the design of unique and exclusive digital identities as well as large and meaningful data for governing a complex network society play a key role.

The present study investigates the barriers to the impact of education courses on students considering social inferiority factor and identity crisis and assesses the relationship between education courses and the mentioned factors. The method used in this combined research is theoretical in the way of studying social and sociological theories in the form of documents and libraries and in the quantitative section is descriptive (survey type). Based on probability sampling, 250 students from different universities The Tehran Azad Center - both boys and girls - were tested in a targeted manner using a questionnaire. Barriers affecting education courses include three dimensions: 1. Weakness in identity building (lack of need assessment and social inferiority model), 2. Weakness in audience evaluation and persuasion, 3. Weakness in innovation and attractiveness, which are for each Suggestions have been made. Paying attention to psychological and sociological needs, innovation and creativity within the framework of Islamic ideas and values, valorizing the native humanities and reinforcing the insights of students and researchers; Make.

The party in the political societies of the West as another non-civic of the other functions for which it has been chosen, but in relation to Iran the parties can not play for various reasons and play an important role in the political transformation of society and the consolidation of democracy. Give. The main remedy is that; What are the most important drivers influencing the activities of political parties in Iran in the current situation and inevitably in the future? The answer to this question, using the four steps of the identification method, includes: 1. Identifying its propellants by exploring the research literature. 2. Ranking by advances by experts through exploratory actual analysis 3. 3. Announcing Panel of experts to identify the interactions of propellants 4 Statistical and software analysis of matrix interactions through Mick software. The findings show that on the contrary, imagine that it has affected the political faction and already exists in the performance of Iranian political parties, but the existence of authority and self-government in the country's political culture, lack of adherence to law and political culture in the country, The formation and continuation of insight. Absolutism in the political culture of the country are the most important drivers that have the most impact and have influence in interaction with other drivers that are available in the field of research.

Sense of belonging and identity in the context of "national identity" is a reflection of the transformations that took place in the modern era. Identity is understood as the influence of relationships between us and others. Identity needs difference to explain and establish its behavioral patterns, and in the continuation of each identity discourse, it transforms differences into an "other" or "outsider" in order to defend its scope and boundaries. In Iran, the Constitutional Revolution can be considered the starting point for the emergence of modern identity discourses in the social and political spheres. Therefore, the application of the concept of identity emerges in this period and its effects can be seen in all political and social events that took place in Iran. The main question of the present paper is: What has been the relationship between the subject and the discourse structures in the identity discourse of contemporary Iran? The hypothesis is that the subject and the identity are meaningful under the influence of the structure power from the Constitution to the Islamic Republic, so that in each period we see the subject weakening and disappearing, while over the last two decades, the role of the structure has gradually it become less and less. Importantly, in this period, subjects have a more active and serious role as carriers of identity. The innovative thesis of the present article is that in the last two decades, for the first time in the history of contemporary Iran, we have witnessed a decrease in the role of structures and strength of the role of the "personal subject" (in Touraine‎'s words). The method of data collection in the present study is documentation and data collection tool is taking notes from original sources.